<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="1" > knowledge points</h1>
mediterranean climate
The distribution, climatic characteristics and causes of the Mediterranean climate are as follows:
(1) Distribution: mainly distributed in the west coast of the continent at 30 ° ~ 40 ° north and south latitude, the Mediterranean coast;
(2) Climatic characteristics: hot and dry summer, mild and rainy winter, rain and heat in different periods;
(3) Cause: The air pressure belt and the wind belt will move with the movement of the direct point of the sun. Summers are controlled by subtropical high pressure (hot and dry) and winters are influenced by the westerly wind belt (mild and rainy).
Figure 1 Distribution of mediterranean climates
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="55" > example question</h1>
Mallorca is a world-famous summer resort with a permanent population of about 850,000, about half of which lives in the capital, Palma de Mallorca, and received as many as 21.2 million tourists in 2009. The annual precipitation in Mallorca is about 400mm, and the underground rock formations on the island have strong permeability, and the pores of the rock formations are rich in water storage. In recent years, Mallorca has been threatened by increasing water scarcity.
1. It is speculated that the main urban water use on Mallorca is ( )
A． Rivers and lakes
B． rainwater
C． groundwater
D． Desalinate seawater
2. Judging the most tense season for water use in Mallorca cities is ( )
A． spring
B． summertime
C． autumn
D． winter
Answer: C, B
Intensive analysis: (1) Analyze the main sources of urban water. (1) It can be seen from the stem and the figure that the annual precipitation of the island is not very rich (400mm), the river is relatively short, the reservoir is small, and the reservoir is far from the urban area, so it is not the main source of urban water; (2) it can be seen from the stem that the pores of the rock formation are rich in water storage, that is, groundwater is abundant, so groundwater is the main source of water for the island city, and option C is correct.
(2) Analyze the season of urban water shortage. (1) The tension of urban water use can be considered from the two aspects of water resource replenishment and water consumption. Water consumption (agricultural, industrial and domestic water, etc.) is not mentioned in the stem, so water recharge is mainly considered; (2) the water resources in the area are mainly groundwater, atmospheric precipitation, rivers and reservoirs. The place is located at 3 ° E, 39.5 ° N, that is, on the Mediterranean coast, for the Mediterranean climate, the summer is hot and dry, the atmosphere is less precipitation, the river runoff is small, so the city is more tight in summer, option B is correct.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="57" > summary</h1>
Rational use of water resources
The difficulty of the example questions in this section is moderate, and the solution ideas are: (1) according to the precipitation, river form (relatively short), number of reservoirs, groundwater storage and other factors in the area, the main sources of urban water use in the area are analyzed; (2) according to the climate of the place, the season with less precipitation (summer) is analyzed, and then the season of urban water shortage is determined.
The rational use of water resources is mainly carried out from two aspects: open source and throttling:
(1) Open source: rational development and extraction of groundwater, construction of reservoirs, cross-basin water transfer, seawater desalination, artificial precipitation, etc.;
(2) Throttling: strengthen publicity and education, improve the utilization rate of water resources, adjust the industrial structure, etc.
The following figure shows the distribution of water resources in China, and the distribution characteristics are: (1) more in the east and less in the west, and less in the south and north; (2) there is more precipitation in summer and autumn, and less precipitation in winter and spring.
Figure 2 Distribution of water resources in China
[Every night at 20:00, one question per day, learn geography well]