Spring Festival is the most important festival for every Chinese
It means reunion, it means harvest, it means the beginning of the new year
The Spring Festival customs are similar everywhere
All pay attention to the red and red, reunion
Cheng Fangjun takes you to understand the New Year customs in various places
Beijing
New Year customs
Catching a temple fair is a major custom in Beijing for the New Year. In addition to the familiar "Factory Dian", the "Five Xiancai Temple" (the second to sixteenth day of the first month), the "Dongyue Temple" (the first to the fifteenth day of the first month), and the "Baiyun Temple" (the first to the nineteenth day of the first month) are all famous temple fairs, which are the most rich in the characteristics of the Beijing New Year.
Jiangsu
In addition to the customs of jiangsu folk in the Spring Festival, such as pasting the Spring Festival, hanging New Year paintings, keeping the year, lion dance, and big New Year worship, there are also some unique customs. Such as nanjing's Confucius Temple Lantern Festival, Gao Chun's Dancing Five Rampant, Big Horse Lantern, Playing Water Margin, and Fan Cha Listening to the Bell. In Suzhou, Suzhou people Chinese New Year's Eve put cooked water chestnuts in the rice, dig it out when eating, called "digging yuanbao", relatives and friends come and go, when making tea, they must put two green olives, which is called drinking "yuanbao tea", Wishing you prosperity. Nantong people have the custom of planting sesame stalks, holly and cypress branches in front of their homes or in front of the church, which means that life is blossoming and green for many years. The Huaiyin people also have the custom of "roasting their heads" for their children on the sixth day of the first year. It is the night to take the child to the field to light a torch, to drive away the disease and evil for the child, while roasting and singing: "Roast the head, wake up the brain, roast the feet, step correct, roast the belly is not thin, the whole body is roasted, and the disease will never be seen." "Wuxi fishermen have the habit of taking a boat to Xishan to worship the Yuwang Temple on the eighth day of the new year, praying for the blessing of the water god, and offering sacrifices to the Aoyu Buddha, which is called "Shang", and after the demolition of the Yuwang Temple, this custom gradually faded.
northeast
Northeasterners Chinese New Year's Eve point for longevity lights and stay bright all night. Chinese New Year's Eve until the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month, everyone should hang red lanterns, Chinese New Year's Eve to light the lanterns at night, and order a night, can not turn off the lights, which means longevity and longevity. Shou Nian is also known as "staying up the year", before the arrival of the Chinese New Year's Eve, other door decorations can not be, but must be pasted with a pair of red, joyful couplets. Northeastern folk have the habit of keeping the age in Chinese New Year's Eve.
Jiangxi
Chinese New Year's Eve morning, every household places food at the main entrance to "send Buddha", the food must have six meats (pig's head, pig's feet, raw animals, fish, rice cakes and tofu), and firecrackers are fired at noon to eat lunch (mainly rice noodles). After lunch, the ancestors will be "worshipped" at the door, the food is similar to the morning, and the old and young people in the family will prepare Chinese New Year's Eve meal after the pilgrimage with incense sticks in all directions. Chinese New Year's Eve rice must include fish (symbolizing the yearly surplus), raw animals, eggs (round and full), dumplings, rice cakes and rice wine. After Chinese New Year's Eve meal, the family began to take a bath to remove the dust from the past year.
Hunan
Hunan people's New Year, we must first start with the Chinese New Year's Eve, Chinese New Year's Eve will definitely eat chicken, meat, fish three things, and it must be. Chicken to stew the whole, to choose the rooster, stew after the chicken head stand up; the fish steamed and then sprinkled on the top of the red pepper, and thirty nights of fish must not be eaten, to stay until the beginning of the first time to eat, this is a symbol of the year more than a year, grain abundance, peppers of course represent the red hot. Chinese New Year's Eve at midnight in the evening, each family will put a model of the gold dollar treasure outside the door. And in the Xiangtan area is an ancient and simple New Year custom. From the first day of the first lunar month to the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, whether it is a rural or urban area, dragon dance lanterns can be seen everywhere. The dragon dance lamp must first be "solitaire". That is, to send invitations from door to door, everyone who received the invitation entered the house in turn to dance the dragon lamp to congratulate them. After solitaire, start the dragon dance. The dragon rises with the drum, churns and jumps, and has the potential to soar through the clouds and ride the fog. When cheerful, the lights swim in the tornado, which makes people dizzy. Dragon lantern dances are prevalent in the Xiangzhong area, and there are also many witch customs and customs, such as "solitaire", "collecting water", "hanging red", etc., which express people's good wishes for a happy and prosperous year.
Shandong
Shandong is located in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, and is known as the "State of Qilu" in ancient times. In the thousands of years of Chinese national cultural inheritance, the people of Shandong, who respect the elderly and respect the ancestors, are industrious and wise, and skillfully integrate the sacrifice of ancestors, pray for a good year, the worldliness of the new year, the customs and customs of the land, and the celebration of entertainment, which has unique Qilu cultural characteristics and strong local atmosphere. Dumplings are an indispensable meal in Shandong people's New Year customs, in Qufu, Chinese New Year's Eve meals, no matter how rich, must also have dumplings. Eating dumplings in the New Year is the meaning of alternating between the old and the new. When some families make dumplings, they also wrap a few coins in it, and who eats them first, indicating good luck in the coming year. Stringing relatives and paying respects to the New Year is a culture of respecting the elderly and loving children in Shandong's New Year customs. In the Laoshan area of Shandong, twisting rice songs, running dry boats, dancing, stepping on stilts... Some traditional customs of the New Year are even more indispensable.
chekiang
Opening the door cannon: In the early morning of the first day, the first thing every household does is to scramble to play the "open door cannon", and the whole city is full of firecrackers, symbolizing the old and welcoming the new and receiving blessings, commonly known as "receiving the new year". Doors were fired and men and women from each house wore new clothes. The housewife burns Buddhist tea and holds various offerings in Jiangxi porcelain bowls for incense. The middle hall hangs images of ancestors, first worshiping the ancestors, and then worshiping the six gods (vesta, eaves, white tiger, well, land, and wealth). Folk believe that these six gods are the protectors of each family, and the New Year worship mainly prays for the peace of the population and the prosperity of the family business throughout the year. In Yueqing, Chu Yi did not go out to visit relatives and friends locally. Baixi and other places are even listed as taboo days on the second day of the first year, and if those who enter the countryside and do not ask the vulgar people rush to the door, they will be accused in person. Since the third year of the first year, those who have not hoped to "Chinese New Year's Eve" carry the golden box to see their parents-in-law, uncles, and parents, and also do New Year's greetings, commonly known as "looking forward to the first month". Gifts are mainly muffins or mashed cakes, followed by fish, meat and lychee, Kuiyuan and other red sealed yuanbao paper bags, the custom stipulates that the old relatives are four and the new relatives are six.
Anhui
Anhui Spring Festival is commonly known as the New Year, the festive atmosphere is strong, no matter where the family is, they must rush home before the Chinese New Year's Eve to reunite with their relatives. Chinese New Year's Eve Chinese New Year's Eve meal is the most sumptuous meal of the year. People in northern Anhui eat dumplings, while people in central Anhui and southern Anhui set off firecrackers, paste spring festivals, and worship ancestors before eating. The ancestor worship ceremony is quite exquisite, first serve, the dish should be 10 plates, and there must be chicken and fish. Before eating, the elders have to wrap money in red paper to give money to each child, which is called "pressing the old age money". After the meal, the whole family gathered together, chatting while eating melon seeds, peanuts, and candy, watching the central station until dawn, which is "keeping the age". After getting up early in the morning of the first day of the new year, firecrackers should be set off when the door is opened, and the heavens and the earth are sacrificed, and some places call it the god of receiving the door. Families pay their respects, congratulate each other, eat dates, chestnuts, tea, eggs, longevity noodles, and then go out to pay homage to other elders. On the first day of the first year, the floor cannot be swept, and the tea should also be poured into the special basin, and it is not spilled out, which means not to sweep (splash) the wealth out. On this day, there is generally no labor, so there is a saying that "hurry for thirty nights, and the first dynasty of leisure".
Guangdong
In the Haifeng area of Guangzhou, when the juniors celebrate the New Year to the elders, the elders will reward the juniors with red envelopes or citrus. Chaozhou Spring Festival diet includes vegetable kway teow, rotten rounds, yeast buns, tube frying, and five-fruit soup. On the night of the fourth day of the first year, the family ordered a lamp and prepared a jar of water, called "waiting for the divine water". On the first day of the first lunar month in Dongguan, the gods are offered to boil taro on sugar, which is called "rich and noble". Chinese New Year's Eve night, the family will eat a New Year's meal, which the Chaoshan people call "the hearth". Rich is the characteristic of Chinese New Year's Eve rice, when eating vegetables, to eat from the beginning to the end, representing a long time, eating fish should deliberately eat some leftovers, representing more than every year. It's a wonderful time for every family to be reunited. After the meal, adults give children and children to their parents and seniors, and distribute "pressed old money". It is a good omen that the water tank of the late farmer should be filled with water, the rice tank should be filled with rice, and the lights should not be extinguished, so as to symbolize the good omen of "more than enough years" and "continuous cooking every year".
Hubei
"Adults look forward to planting fields, children look forward to the New Year." In Hubei, the New Year begins on the 23rd day of the lunar month. There are folk songs: "Twenty-three, send a lamp; twenty-four, pick the fish thorns; twenty-five, beat the big drum; twenty-six, Fu pork; twenty-seven, remove the dirt; twenty-eight, Fu chicken and duck; twenty-nine, the family has." In a word, the customs of the Hubei New Year can be said to be summarized as exquisite and exquisite, showing the rich Jingfeng Chu rhyme, those of the oldest and simplest Hubei New Year customs, it is really eye-opening.
Sichuan
Sichuan New Year, 30 nights of the whole family to eat Chinese New Year's Eve meal, is to make a large table of Chinese New Year's Eve rice, especially hearty, but do not eat dumplings. Eat tangyuan in the morning of the first day. There are many kinds of bacon, sausages and other kinds of pickled meat products, which are generally cooked on the 27th and 28th of the WaxIng moon, and must be eaten until the end of the New Year. To set off firecrackers, from the first to the third day of the first year, "walking women" (visiting the door), generally to visit elderly and senior relatives, to bring chickens, eggs, noodles, wine, leaves and tobacco (tobacco) and other gifts. Daughters-in-law and aunts return to their mother's house and live for a few days in the countryside. Crazy lights at night (in the city). During the day, the venue (temple fair) and the pavilion are very lively, and there are many Performances of Sichuan Opera and Pingshu.
Yunnan
During the New Year in Yunnan, like the Han chinese, they should also paste couplets. But the "couplet" is a variety of patterns cut out of red paper. Not only is the way of "writing" different, but the way of even pasting is also unique. Chinese New Year's Eve night, each family member and a young person held a homemade Spring Festival, sang a standing point "New Year Song", and posted everything in order outside the courtyard, in the vegetable field orchard and in the corner of the field. Because of the singing while sticking, the Spring League of the Bai people is called "Song Lian". The door is pasted with patterns of spring trees and elephants, made by the oldest elderly in the family, and pasted by the youngest doll. While pasting, he sang folk songs such as "Spring returns to the earth and hundred blessings, and all things are renewed and thousands of auspicious comings; households are prosperous on the green mountains and six animals, and the door contains fields and five grains; abundant clothing and sufficient food and family harmony, and Guotai people enjoy peace and peace". Paste the "song union" of the door, then paste the door of the hall, the door of the building, the door of the house, the door of the kitchen, and then paste the production tools such as ploughs, rakes, saddles, etc., and finally paste flowers and trees... "Song Lian" is pasted on something, and it takes that kind of thing as the "theme" and sings a joint song to express "joint meaning".
Shaanxi
Shaanxi Spring Festival with a strong local atmosphere and local characteristics, Shaanxi people still call the Spring Festival "New Year", in the countryside lap moon 23 that is, into the New Year, the 23rd lap month is called "too small year". Some places in the countryside are called "sacrificial stoves". After the New Year, people will prepare for the Spring Festival. General farmers, slaughtering pigs and sheep, milling rice and grinding noodles, making some tofu, buying vegetables, hanging noodles, and preparing all the food needed for the New Year. The 27th to 29th of the Waxing Moon is the time for the people of Guanzhong to steam. Every household has a few cages of steamed buns, and after eating until the fifteenth day of the first month, there is a custom of "not rolling noodles before the fifteenth day of the first month". Women go to the streets to buy clothes, shoes and socks for the elderly and children, and the elderly buy red paper, New Year paintings, coins, white linen paper and other New Year ceremonial supplies. In the first two days of the new year, whether in Guanzhong, southern Shaanxi, northern Shaanxi, or urban and rural areas, Shaanxi must "sweep the house", and the people in the city call it cleaning. In front of and behind the house, inside and outside the kiln, even the corners must be cleaned to be cleaned. The window room was re-pasted with white paper and pasted with large red window flowers. Chinese New Year's Eve early, every house posted couplets and door gods, and hung New Year paintings in the house. The year has finally come.
Fujian
The New Year customs in the countryside around southern Fujian are not the same as those in the cities. Rural farmers, there are many doors, in addition to pasting the Spring League, the two sides of the door should also shelve two rings of red paper with root sugarcane, called "door cane", dialect "cane" and "good" close to the sound, meaning to enter a good situation. The table in the hall is lined with alternate year meals, long-term dishes, hair cakes, and inserted with red and yellow paper "spring branches", which means that the food is abundant for a long time, auspicious and rich. Each family should stack potato vines and firewood branches outside the gate, light and wait for their smoke to go around the fire, and the men will skip the pile of flames according to their generations, and read while jumping: "Jump in, get rich every year; jump out, worry-free; skip the east, the grain can't be eaten; jump to the west, the money and silver roll in." This is called "overheated group", which symbolizes burning away the evil spirit of the old age, eliminating disasters and luck, and ushering in a clean and auspicious New Year. After the "fire group", it is necessary to clean the hall with a new broom, and after sweeping, the broom bucket is placed together, and the garbage is piled up by the door, hoping to come out of the broom again as desired and help make a fortune. At the same time, some of the unquenched ashes of the fire-jumping group should be collected and added to the charcoal stove, called "Tim Wang", which symbolizes more prosperity. Parents lead their children to sit around the stove, called "the hearth to keep the age", it is best to stay up all night, it is said that this is to add life to the parents. At this time, the elders give the younger generations a share of the old money, called "dividing the circle".
Hebei
"Twenty-three sugar melon sticky, twenty-four room sweeping days, twenty-five grinding tofu, twenty-six slaughtered pork, twenty-seven slaughtered chickens, twenty-eight noodles, twenty-nine full streets, thirty nights, Chinese New Year's Eve keep the age, play for a night." This proverb, which has been circulating for a long time in Chengde, Hebei Province, interprets the lives of people under the roots of the year into a tense and orderly manner. In Zhangjiakou, as soon as they enter the Waxing Moon, people should think about how to spend the big year of the year. Families first began to clean the houses, dismantle and wash the bedding, and then men and women quickly shaved their heads and cut their hair, because there is a taboo here that you cannot cut hair during the first month. Next, it is to make tofu, press noodles, fry twist flowers in a dry pot, steam rice cakes, steam steamed steamed buns, and many families have to buy rice for half a month in the waxing moon. From the first to the first month, especially the first to the tenth day of the first month, each family cannot eat "lai rice", that is, bad rice, and eat the New Year meal purchased in the waxing moon every day, indicating that there will be good rice every day in the coming year. In Handan, in the celebrations of Chinese New Year's Eve, there is a strange custom of throwing sad hats. Throwing sad hats is done in the middle of the night when Chinese New Year's Eve is quiet. Adults and children from all households quietly threw the old hats or headscarves they had worn on their heads into the street before going to bed.
Henan
Henan is located in the Central Plains, is the birthplace of the Chinese nation, the customs of the "New Year" is not only very representative, the profound cultural heritage and regional characteristics make it have obvious uniqueness. In Henan and other places, there is such a New Year's song: "Twenty-three, sacrifice stove officials; twenty-four, sweep the house; twenty-five, grind tofu; twenty-six, go to cut meat; twenty-seven, kill a chicken; twenty-eight, steamed jujube flowers; twenty-nine, go to wine; thirty, pinch your nose (dumplings); the first one, pout your ass and make a mess." People buy New Year's affairs in accordance with this convention and custom, and this New Year's ballad can be said to be a major event of Henan Folk New Year's Day.
Guangxi
The Spring Festival is the biggest festival of the year in Nanning, and from 10:00 a.m. onwards, families set off firecrackers to express their resignation and welcome the new. Relatives and friends of the second grade brought gifts to visit each other to visit the "New Year". Fifteen Lantern Festival night flower lanterns. Temple fairs and "firecracker grabbing" were held in the countryside on the outskirts of the sixteen counties. According to the unique Spring Festival customs of the Zhuang family, it is also necessary to carry out activities such as picking up new water, drinking lingli water, lion dance, chicken dance, and spring cow dance. Before dawn on the first day of the Chinese New Year, the housewives of the Zhuang ethnic group had already gone to the small river to fetch new water for the whole family.
Shanxi
Chinese New Year's Eve night, each family stayed up all night, commonly known as "year old". When the chickens chirp, they begin to burn incense, burn lamps, lay out offerings, set off fireworks, receive gods, worship ancestors, and then worship each other as a family. Children bow to their elders, and the elders give them money to get luck. According to tradition, breakfast is eaten before the sun comes out. After breakfast, go out to visit the New Year, relatives go to the church, the slackers throw thorns, meet on the way, make a nod, and exchange auspicious words, nothing more than "congratulations on the new jubilee", "congratulations on the jubilee", "a year of good luck".
Hainan
Hainanese proverb "The year is afraid of the Mid-Autumn Festival, and the month is afraid of the fifteenth". As soon as the Mid-Autumn Festival passes, the countryside prepares for the "New Year": castration roosters, fattened ducks, pigs, and preparations for the New Year. As soon as you enter the late December of the lunar calendar, the atmosphere of "making the New Year" becomes more and more intense! The first is to send the "stove gong" on December 24. According to legend, the "Stove Duke" is the god sent by the Jade Emperor to supervise good and evil in the world, and he has to report to the Jade Emperor on this day every year. To this end, every household uses bamboo handles or bamboo branches to clean the front and back of the house, inside and outside the house, and the upper and lower houses, and the incense burner should also be cleaned and replaced with new ash, and at night, wine and fruit sacrifices are prepared to send off the "stove gong".
Inner mongolia
Inner Mongolia New Year needs to sacrifice to the god of fire, the main sacrifice of the god of fire is cooked goat breastbone, multicolored cloth strips, amsu (cream porridge), wine, dim sum, grass aroma, tea, dried dates and so on. First remove the ashes from the fire brace, replace the fire brace with a new fire, light a new fire, and light four Buddhist lamps around it, and then the chief priest (usually the head of the household) recites the words of the fire, and at the same time slowly puts the sacrifice into the burning stove. The day before the Spring Festival, the Mongols call it "Closed Tepwen", which means "Closed Day". On that day, the herders finished all the unfinished work of the year and drove the livestock back into the pen or near their homes. After wiping down books and various tools, sacrifice them with grass or white food. The women packed up sewing utensils and materials and put them in boxes.
Gansu
New Year dance society fire, community fire, widely popular throughout Gansu, is a kind of singing and dancing, diverse genres, a wide variety of comprehensive performance art, mostly in the first month of the lunar calendar to perform. In the folk society fire performance, the characters are used as heroes of history, good men and filial pieties, and various characters in folklore. In order to shape the character image, when the artist wears makeup, starting from the different dispositions and characters of the characters, with rich imagination, using various colors, painting various faces, and gradually forming a unique face art.
Xinjiang
Xinjiang New Year's "Puluo" made of rice, mutton, raisins, etc., "Pitil Manda" (buns) made of flour, mutton, onions, etc., "Gexi" (hand-grabbed mutton) cooked with bone-boned lamb, "Lanman" (noodles) made of dough, and "Ququer", which is similar to Han wontons. In addition, there are a variety of ethnic traditional pastries and snacks, such as "Isim Sangza" (disc steamed buns), "Yaimaza" (lace steamed buns), "Bohusak" (fried Jipi), "Shamu Posa" (fried hezi), "Kayikka" (colorful fried food), etc.
Tibet
The New Year festivals celebrated by the Tibetan people are very different from the Han Chinese New Year. As soon as it enters the 12th month of the lunar calendar, every household begins to make reserves for the New Year. In the first few days of the New Year, regardless of agriculture and pastoral areas, men of all ages shave their heads, and women wash and comb their hair in braids. If a man has long hair for the New Year, and a woman does not wash and braid her hair for the New Year, it means that the family or heart has the intention of mourning and not having the heart to dress up. Grooming and dressing up means auspiciousness for the coming year. From December 28, cleaning up and down the house, inside and outside the house, village walkways, field corners, and even the drawers in the house, cleaning the ceiling and chimney, you need to choose an auspicious day, such as 3, 5, 7, 9, etc.
Macau
Macao people start the New Year on the 28th of the Waxing Moon, the 28th of the Waxing Moon in Cantonese to harmonize "easy to develop", most of the business owners at this late age to invite employees to eat "Tuan Nian Dinner" to show good fortune and good luck. The taste of Macao can be truly felt from the 28th day of the Waxing Moon. On the day of the Spring Festival, Macao people pay attention to "Li City", "Li City" is the red packet, on this day the boss meets the employees, the elders meet the juniors, and even the married people see the unmarried people have to get the "Li City". "Lee City" is pure and crisp to show auspiciousness. Macau people call the second day of the Lunar New Year the "Opening Year".
Hong Kong
In recent years, few Hong Kong people have traditionally posted Spring Festival and New Year paintings at home during the Lunar New Year, and instead have posted "prosperous business" and "safe entry and exit" in some shops or homes. In addition, lion dances, dragon dances, etc. will also appear in some New Territories villages and walled villages, and it is difficult to see large-scale lion dances and dragon lantern performances in the new year's markets and streets. As for the cannon fights, firecrackers, etc. in Hong Kong, it is forbidden, since 1982, every year on the evening of the second day of the Lunar New Year, a grand fireworks display will be held on Victoria Harbour, which has become a spring festival program for more than a decade.
Taiwan
Like all parts of the mainland of the motherland, the Spring Festival, also known as the New Year, is the most lively and longest festival in the folk. Generally speaking, it starts from the "tail teeth" on the 16th day of the 12th month of the lunar calendar and ends at the end of the 15th yen festival (Shangyuan Festival) of the first month, which lasts for a full month. Tail teeth. The first, fifteenth, or second and sixteenth days of each month are the days when Taiwanese merchants worship the gods of the land, called "making teeth". February 2 is the first tooth work, called "cephalic teeth"; December 16 is the last tooth to be done, so it is called "tail teeth". Tail teeth are the "end" of the business's annual activities, and also the "first sound" of the Spring Festival activities of ordinary people. On this day, ordinary people in Taiwan burn land and public funds to sacrifice the god of merit (that is, the land public), and also set up benches in front of the door, offer five-flavor bowls, burn prayer clothes, silver paper, and worship the foundation lord. All business numbers should also feast on employees today to reward the hard work of the past year.