Walk into the Liu family circle "wine festival".
Red Net Moment, December 25 (Correspondent Xiao Dingqin) In the city, people's understanding of the Yao people may stop at knowing only that the Yao people eat mouse meat and locusts, but know very little about the origin behind this custom. As a Chengbu Yao ethnic group with only more than 2,000 people, how different are they from other ethnic groups.
On December 23, the 6th Chengbu Yao Liquor Festival was held in Liujiajie, Guihua Village, Tingping Township. On this day, the local Yao compatriots sing mountain songs, play rice dumplings, eat wine, worship the gods, and celebrate the Feng Feng Year, full of festive harvest atmosphere and celebrating the annual Yao New Year Festival. Let's walk into the "Wine Festival" in Liujiajie and explore the past and present lives of the mysterious Yao people.
"The Festival is even more grand than the Spring Festival, even if it is far away from home, the brothers and sisters in the family will be reunited." On this day, the children who go out to work will travel thousands of miles to come back to reunite with their families, and the daughter who has been married will also return with her husband and children for the festival. When guests arrive at Yao's house, they first have to drink four bowls of oil tea, then eat local specialty rice dumplings, and then the chicken, duck and fish meat is served. Yao rice dumplings, called "wine dumplings", need to be mixed with green onions and ginger minced red bean soup. In other parts of the city, it is only a complementary food other than rice, while Yao family rice is given a deep meaning, and is the highest etiquette of The Yao people.
Yao "horror food" rat meat.
"You can catch a thousand mountain rats a week", and eating rat meat is a unique custom of the Yao people
"Eating rat meat and locusts" is a unique eating habit of the Yao people and the first dish on the table. These two dishes are often regarded as "horror foods" by foreign guests, challenging the guts of diners.
The Yao people ate with relish. Villager Pu Zhenglu likes to eat rats since childhood, and is very familiar with rats, "Mountain rats are yellow-backed and white-bellied, eat chestnuts and other nuts in the mountains to grow up, generally more than one pound, tail and body length." The belly and back of a house mouse are usually gray in color."
Local villagers know that locusts and rats are natural enemies of crops, and eating natural enemies symbolizes a harvest of one more year in the coming year. During the wine festival in the past famine years, villagers would eat mountain rats and locusts. Although there is no locust plague now, the custom of eating locusts and rat meat has been preserved. On the table, the green locusts are washed and fried to a golden brown, emitting a seductive fragrance. Rats are mountain rats, and villagers catch them in the mountains with sets and fry them in oil.
The local Yao people have a very peculiar way of catching rats, never using rat clips, but setting up a "rat fall" mechanism. "Rat fall" is based on the trajectory of the rat, dig a deep pit on its activity line, and then hook the stone slab with a tree hook, and put a few tung seeds in the pit as bait, and the rat will continue to fall into the pit. When he was young, Lin Muchu was a master rat catcher, and he could catch more than a thousand mountain rats within a week after the autumn harvest. The local Yao people eat mountain rats is also very special, taking out the rat intestines and then using a wooden stick to wear them in, using chrome iron to clean the rat hair. Rat hunting is generally carried out after the autumn harvest, at this time the mountain poisoning snake is close to hibernation, to catch the rat will not be bitten by the snake, two rat catchers can catch a mountain rat in half a month.
Lion dance performance.
Respecting dogs and loving dogs, the wine festival condenses the history of the Yao people who have suffered and tragically
"The Liquor Festival is equivalent to the Spring Festival of the Yao people, and the Chengbu Yao people before the founding of New China were not the Spring Festival." Behind the lively and rich wine festival, the tragic and sad history of the Yao people is condensed. Pu Wenlin, an old native of the local ethnic group, introduced, "The Han people live in the flat land, the Yao people live in the mountains", due to the long-term ethnic discrimination and ethnic oppression of the rulers in history, the Yao people throughout the country have been forced to move to live in the high mountains and mountains, living a primitive life of slash and burn farming.
Pu Wenlin said that the Chengbu Yao people are no exception, and before the founding of New China, due to the lack of clothes and food, the Yao people's life was extremely difficult, and they spent more than half of the year filling their stomachs with sweet potato buns. The Han people slaughter pigs and sheep during the Spring Festival, but the Yao people do not have the custom of new year. The Yao family with slightly better conditions will kill a chicken or put some meat to boil in porridge, so that the whole family can taste some meat, and the rest of the Yao people can only boil some white rice porridge even if it is the New Year. To this day, many Yao people in chengbu still have the habit of eating porridge first during the New Year, in order to show that they do not forget their ancestral history.
In the history of the Yao people, there is a custom of "Yao-Han non-marriage", and the Yao-Han marriage in Yaozhai in Guihua Village began 80 years ago in the father-in-law of Pu Baolin, after which the Han New Year customs began to be introduced into Yaozhai. However, the customs and habits of the Yao people have been passed down to this day, and the local Yao elderly over 60 years old are still accustomed to communicating in yao language, for example, sipping meat is called "wolf decline", sipping rice is called "wolf grace", sipping tea is called "Songzi", and dogs are called "playing grain". Like the Miao, the Yao people have no language, but some Yao people often use some strange writing records, which may be the legendary Yao "Nushu".
The Chengbu Yao people are all "over the mountain Yao", and the old society is often called "Dog head Yao" by the Han people. There are two sources for this theory in chengbu, one of which is that the ancestors of the Yao people were a spiritual dog "Pan Bao", a mighty dog during the day, and a heroic man at night, who once helped the emperor make military achievements. After the death of Pan Ou, the descendants made a statue of him to mourn for eternity and forbade all bad behaviors such as insulting domestic dogs. The second is that the Yao people have historically lived by slash-and-burn cultivation, and there is no rice but only grain. A sacred dog rolled a few times on the drying grain flat of the landlord's house, and the dog's tail was stained with several grain seeds, bringing rice seeds to the Yao people. The ancestors of the Yao people, in order to remember the kindness of the dog, have respected the dog and loved the dog since then. This is also the reason for the historical legends such as the Prohibition of Dog Meat by the Yao People. In modern times, many Yao families in chengbu first serve meat and rice to pay homage to the dogs during the New Year's Festival, and then they can move chopsticks on the table. Some of the presiding men also squatted under the table to eat to show respect for their ancestors.
Featured literary and artistic performances.
He Lang married a daughter again, and the mountain song Tingping passed on a new song
At the celebration ceremony of the Wine Festival on the same day, a literary and artistic performance with the characteristics of the Tingping nation was held, which was all refreshing, just like walking into the outdoor paradise of the beautiful landscape, into the sea of song and dance of the mountain song and dance, and into the mysterious and novel folk world.
"The five golden roosters are called sinking, the girl's daughter wants to go out, quickly dress up and resign her parents, bid farewell to her parents and go to the car", a song of married women singing makes people sad, liver and intestines are broken. As we all know, the "Wedding Song" and the "Helang Song" are called the sister pieces of the Tingping Mountain Song. "Wedding Song" has a beautiful melody, poignant and moving, and a euphemism, expressing the bride's longing for her parents; "Helang Song" has a high and cheerful tone, lingering lyricism, and is full of blessing and celebration atmosphere. Immersed in the original ecological mountain song, let us once again be strongly influenced by the Tingping national culture.
"The five chickens have been crying in the sky, the bianxi has crossed the Tingping in all four places, come to the upper rock and fall under the horse, and the companions enter the Yamen together..." Tuanxinzhai Village", also known as the local Miao Harvest Festival, records that the ancestors of the Yang surname in the village have crossed the city from Jiangxi since the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, all the way from Chengbu Qingxi Chetian to Dankou Taolin, and then settled in Tingping Tuanxin Village for more than 300 years. The village celebrates once a year, a big celebration every three years, and makes a wish on the day of the month of February every year, and returns the wish on the day of the month of October. One surname, one story, one village, one history. It is worth noting that there is also a "Qinggutang" in Katian, Baimaoping Township, Chengbu, but although the content and form of the Qinggutang in the two places are very different, the time for making a wish is the same, and it is also an expression of remembrance and remembrance of the ancestors.
"Over the Mountain" is a unique mountain song singing tune of Yangmeiao Village in Tingping Township, as the name suggests, the song can drift from this mountain to that mountain. Gutian Village has been circulating in Tingping for more than 300 years, and the local Surname Li is said to be a descendant of Tang Taizong Li Shimin, who was later demoted to a commoner for some reason, and was exiled from Jiangxi to Chengbu Tingping Gutian Village. Li Maofeng, the inheritor of Gutian Na, said, "The Gutian Gong Na blowing method needs to master the natural ventilation method, and when the upper boundary is played downhill, the breath can be stable, and there is no need to pause for ventilation. ”
Tingping culture is thick and radiant, and the national customs are rich and colorful. Wu Jinxue, vice president of the County Miao Society, introduced, "Tingping Township not only has a wine festival, but also a camellia festival and a lotus festival, in addition to the lion dance in Hengshui Village, and the digging song in Dashui Village. The lion dance is a mighty and mighty one that can be put on a six-story table; the "labor trumpet" digs the earth song, rough and long. Tingping is also the origin of Chengbu Mountain Song, and there are many kinds of mountain songs, and at next year's Oil Tea Festival, these local mountain songs in Tingping will be amazingly unveiled. ”