Source: Qianjiang Evening News
The Year of the Ox is coming, what is there to do with cattle in Hangzhou?
West Lake, also known as Golden Bull Lake, don't you know?
It's really called Taurus Lake, and I thought that the taurus lying in the pool of The Golden Gate with the back of the bull's head exposed was just a legend.
Colleagues said that they were lonely and unheard of as a Hangzhou native, but a second ago, I still felt that the Jinniu Lake statement was ironclad, and I was a little less confident.
Colleagues speak
Yes, the legend of Jinniu Lake, from the first edition of "West Lake Folk Tales" in 1978 to the latest edition, is ranked second, and everyone who grew up in Hangzhou has heard it.
Baidu the alias of the West Lake, there is a string, in addition to the commonly used Xizi Lake, there are also Wulin Water, Qiantang Lake, which are seen in historical documents, and there is a strange name - Mingsheng Lake, which always appears with Jinniu Lake.
A search for the Holy Lake, this is unbelievable - the Golden Bull Lake is actually a fragrant feast, and the two lakes in Hangzhou are grabbing this name - one is the West Lake, and the other is the Tongjian Lake of the Pond.
What's going on?
This melon should be sorted out from scratch.
The earliest mention of "Mingsheng Lake" in historical documents is the "Qiantang Chronicle", written by Liu Daozhen of Qiantang County during the Southern Dynasty Liu Song Dynasty. Unfortunately, this book is long gone. Later generations can only look for the words of "MingSheng Lake" in some large-scale books and ancient books.
The Northern Wei "Notes on the Water Classics" is the earliest document to quote the "Mingsheng Lake" from the Qiantang Chronicle: there is Mingsheng Lake on the side of the southern river of the county. Father and elder rumors, the lake has a golden bull, ancient see, mythical unpredictable, the lake name Yan.
Why "Jinniu Lake" is tied to "Mingsheng Lake", the answer is here - "Lake Cash Cow" is Xiangrui, and it is logical to name "Mingsheng Lake".
Follow the vine of history, and then touch the melon.
In the early Tang Dynasty, the literary scholar and calligrapher Ouyang Qing and a group of friends compiled a comprehensive book "Art and Literature Class Gathering", which is the earliest surviving complete official revision book in China, preserving the rich literature before the Tang Dynasty, including the quotation "Qiantang Record" (Qiantang to Tang Dynasty changed to Qiantang) - "Liu Daozhen's "Qiantang Record" said: Mingsheng Lake is in the south of the county, go to the county three miles, father and elder, the lake has golden bulls. ”
Then to the Sheng Tang Dynasty, there is a special reading book for the royal prince's junior high school, "Chu Xue Ji", which is described in a way that is more in line with the reading of teenagers - "Liu Daozhen's "Qiantang Record" said: Mingsheng Lake is in the south of the county. Father and elder legend: there is a golden bull in the lake, and the ancient taste has seen its yingbao cloud spring, shining and flowing essence, and deifying unpredictably. Hence the name Mingsheng. ”
In the Northern Song Dynasty, a group of Song Dynasty scholars Feng Shu compiled the famous book "Taiping Imperial Records" more rigorous - Liu Daozhen's "Qiantang Record" said: Mingsheng Lake is in the south of the county, go to the county three miles. According to the father and elder, there was a golden bull when he saw it, and the deification was unpredictable, so he was named after the Ming Saint.
Quoting the Book of Qian Tang, from the Notes on the Water Classics to the last three books, two relative orientation information is highlighted, "county south" and "going to the county three miles".
The county here, of course, refers to Qiantang (Tang) County. First of all, we must find out the location of the old county.
The Old Book of Tang of the Jin Dynasty after the fifth dynasty records that "in the sixth year of Zhenguan (632), (Qiantang County) moved south from Zhouzhi (at Phoenix Mountain) to present-day suo". Qiantang County was south of the prefecture before the "sixth year of Tang Zhenguan", and this view is generally accepted by scholars.
According to further research, the county administration in the Liu Song And early Tang Dynasties may have been in the foothills of the mountains west of the Lingjia Bridge in present-day Zhuantang, because the "Notes on the Water Classic" also mentioned geographical indications that could help locate the county rule and Mingsheng Lake, "The east of the county has Dingding and Baozhu Mountains, all of which are bordered by Zhejiang in the west, and the water flows between the two mountains, and the rivers and rivers are rushing and waves..."
Dingshan, south of The Pond in Hangzhou. Zhuantang, there is still the name of Dingshan. Could the pond south of The Prefecture (Phoenix Mountain) have been the seat of the county?
Today's people, qiantang county governance seems to be a bit abrupt in the area of Zhuantang, in fact, during the Southern Dynasty, this was the most prosperous area in the territory of Qiantang. The Southern Dynasty literati Xie Lingyun, Shen Yue, Qiu Chi, and Jiang Yan all referred to Dingshan, Yupu, and their vicinity in Zhuantang when describing their experiences with Qiantang. For example, Xie Lingyun's "Fuchun Zhu" "Xiaoji Yuputan, Dan and Fuchun Guo." Dingshan Burmese clouds and fog, Chiting without flooding", Qiu Chi's "Danfa Yuputan", Shen Yue's "Early Hair Dingshan", Jiang Yan's "Chitingzhu". The poet Cui Guofu passed through Qiantang when he went to meet the governor of Shanyin during the Tang Dynasty, and after staying overnight in Zhuantang Fanpu, he also wrote a poem describing the river scenery around Zhuantang, in which the sentence "The road turns around the mountain, and the tang even Fanpu heng" is said to be the origin of the place name "Zhuantang".
Mr. Xi Liufang once conducted a special field investigation on the conditions for the construction and governance of the Zhuantang area and confirmed that the conditions for the construction and management of the Zhuantang were better than those in the Zhakou and Jiuxi areas.
Shunteng touched here, and the above-mentioned literature's record of the rule of Qiantang County is extended in the context of time, and the contents of the account are compatible and mutually corroborating.
And listen to the next decomposition - grab the cattle.
(ii)
In the Southern Song Dynasty, the West Lake from Qiantang Lake became a famous landscape and water scene. Especially after Emperor Yan'er sat in Hangzhou and did not think about Beijing, people flipped through the "Notes on the Water Classics" and found that when it talked about Qiantang County, they actually did not mention Qiantang Lake, but they talked about Mingsheng Lake so mysteriously that it was difficult to understand - how can it be?! Mingsheng Lake should be Qiantang Lake.
The first person to stir up the water was Zhang Junfang, a Taoist during the Zhenzong period of the Northern Song Dynasty, who served as the commander of Qiantang County. When he was in office, he once wrote "Discerning Qiantang", although it had been lost, but a thunder was buried, so that the Southern Song Dynasty scholars Wu Ji and Zhao Yanwei behind him quoted his nonsense as a "treasure book" in their respective "Chang Tan" and "Yunlu Manhua", thus spreading falsehoods.
Let's see how Zhang Junfang mixed the water——
In "Discerning Qiantang", Zhang Junfang claims to quote the Northern Wei geographer Kan Xiao's "Record of the Thirteen States"—the "Thirteen States" Yun: Qianhu, a Golden Bull Lake, a Mingsheng Lake. The old saying is cloud: the lake has a golden bull, and when it meets the saint, it will be seen, so there are two names. Qianhu is also the real name. The first gate of the West City under the Present WansongLing Is called the Qianhu Gate, which can be verified in fact; the second gate is the Yong golden gate, that is, the place where the golden bull came out.
Except for Zhang Junfang, all the provisions that previously quoted "Mingsheng Lake" from the Qiantang Chronicle did not have the geographical name "Jinniu Lake". After Zhang Junfang stole the golden bull myth of the "Mingsheng Lake", he invented a "Golden Bull Lake" place name for the West Lake: it was called "Yongjin Gate" that is, "the place where the Golden Bull came out", so the West Lake was also known as "Golden Bull Lake".
Zhang Junfang opened his head, and his friends followed.
Beginning with the Southern Song Dynasty, some Southern Song Dynasty scholars have repeatedly rendered the newly compiled myth of the West Lake "Yongjin", in addition to the folk, the official revision has also joined -
During the Southern Song Dynasty, the "Chunyou Lin'an Zhi" of the Southern Song Dynasty ostensibly listed the "West Lake" and "Mingsheng Lake" separately, but quietly changed the location of "Mingsheng Lake" from "south of the county, to three miles of the county" and quietly "corrected" to "the lake is two hundred steps south of the county".
Professor Yuan Changwei studied the relevant materials of Tongjian Lake (Mingsheng Lake).
The stakes are high. Because the county administration of Qiantang County in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties was in the area of the present Jiaochang Road near the Qiantang Gate, "two hundred steps south of the county", that is, the West Lake.
In the "Chunyou Lin'an Zhi", there is also a sentence "Yongjin Gate, Yongjin Pond, Golden Bull Temple, named after this." This is the official knocking seal to determine that the West Lake is the Ming Holy Lake, and the "Yongjin Gate" is the birthplace of the Golden Bull myth.
Later, with references such as "Xianchun Lin'an Zhi" and Chenghua's "Hangzhou FuZhi", later generations have since confused "Mingsheng Lake" and "West Lake" into one lake.
Later, Mingtian Rucheng's "West Lake Tour Chronicle and West Lake Overview" was more explicitly "correct name": "West Lake, so Mingsheng Lake also." During the Han Dynasty, the Golden Bull saw the lake, and people said that the Holy Rui was called mingsheng lake. It is also known as Qiantang Lake" because of its between and between them.
Gu Zuyu, a historical geographer in the early Qing Dynasty, wrote in Reading History
This statement is also used in the Fang Xing Minutes. In the Qing Dynasty, books such as "West Lake Chronicle" and "Lake and Mountain Notes" were followed, and they were more accustomed to it, and Mingsheng Lake was completely mixed into West Lake.
(iii)
Legend has it that the common people like it, which casts a strange color on the beautiful landscape; the emperor also likes it, and the heavens descend to Xiangrui, which is also recognized by heaven and destiny.
The legend of Yongjin in the West Lake has spread more and more widely, but there are always some more real people.
If you look over the history, you will find that during the northern Song Dynasty, the "Yongjin Gate" has been renamed "Fengyu Gate" without the word "Jin", which means "comfortable and comfortable, rich and happy", and there should be no reason to abandon the ready-made legends.
Xian Chun's four-year "Lin'an Zhi" with a picture: a map of the West Lake in the Song Dynasty
Let's take a look at the two old mayors of Hangzhou, Su Bai' second duke.
Bai JuYi Shiyun: "The lake number Qian Tang is green and oily", the West Lake was once named Qian Tang Lake, which was stamped by the White Gong, and his poems in Hangzhou did not mention the words Ming sheng and golden bull at all.
Su Shi governed the West Lake, and there were five incorruptible people in the West Lake, namely prayer, water use, grain endowment, river transportation, and liquor tax, of which the "prayer for blessing" was said as follows: "If once it is blocked, the dragon fish will be the same as the remnants of the lake", and there is no mention of the so-called golden bull legend (the legend says that "there is a golden bull at the bottom of the West Lake, and whenever the lake water dries up, the golden bull will emerge, and the spit water will fill the lake").
In the Qing Dynasty, someone who understood finally came out to speak.
Zhao Yiqing's "West Lake Non-Ming Sacred Lake Discernment" criticized the "West Lake Tour Chronicle": "Copying its words, accommodating itself, the scroll gorge does not belong to each other, and the entries are not consistent... Mistake after mistake, Iyudius?"
Zhao Yiqing, a native of Renhe, Zhejiang (present-day eastern Hangzhou), studied at Quan Zuwang (an important representative of the Zhejiang Eastern School, a famous historian and literary scholar), and engaged in the study of root and root. He denied that the West Lake was Mingsheng Lake, and deduced that Mingsheng Lake was in Dingshan South Township, Qiantang.
Zhejiang Hangzhou Literature: Water Classics Annotated By Mistake (Zhao Yiqing, Qing Engraving)
During the Guangxianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, a literati named Zhang Dao appeared in Zhangjia Village (present-day Longchi Village, Yuanpu Town), Dingnan Township, who wrote a book called "Dingxiang Xiaozhi", which, in addition to quoting Zhao Yiqing's argument that "Mingsheng Lake is not the West Lake", further pointed out: Mingsheng Lake belongs to the West Lake for a long time... The lake is in the south of Dingnan on the river... From the relevant geographical location of Dingshan, it is deduced that Tongjian Lake is Shihu Lake, Shihu Lake is Mingsheng Lake, and the local fathers and elders still have the legend of the cash cow of Tanshan Mountain, "Qitian Zhihe, hoof traces are like a sound, and the lake is only half a mile to Tanshan Mountain." ”
Another lake with west lake to grab cattle finally appeared.
Copper paste phase I
Tongjian Lake is located in the Shuangpu area of Zhuantang, the original lake surface is about 2 square kilometers, the lake area is beautiful and beautiful. Zhang Dao, in "Dingxiang Xiaozhi", described Tongjian Lake as "clear water, extremely fat fish, mangrove trees and green forests, and picturesque rivers".
Qianlong, Hui Ri Zen Master, Fan Zhongyan, Su Dongpo, Bai Juyi, Yang Wanli, Zhu Xi and many other literati and inkers have left footprints in the lakeside mountains in this area, as well as storied scenery such as Lingshan Mountain and Feng Shui Cave.
Su Dongpo has a verse cloud: "The wind rock water cave is famous in the past, but it is not possible to walk away from the mountain and stream at night." Creek Bridge
Xiao Slipped Floating Plum Calyx, Zhijun Ma Yan Flower Fall. ”
Tongjian Lake verbena is in full bloom
Not only is it a scenic spot, Tongjian Lake is also an important water source for agricultural production and irrigation in the Zhijiang area, and undertakes the important function of flood control and drainage regulation in the former Hangzhou City.
The historical Tongjian Lake and its surrounding areas are also rich in "two treasures", one is a variety of wild fish, and the other is the famous West Lake lettuce. Lettuce is popular in Hangzhou, but in fact, not many are produced in the West Lake, and they are all transported and sold by surrounding townships. The modern "Chronicle of Chinese Specialties" also said: "West Lake lettuce, with Xianghu Lake and Shangsi as the authentic." ”
Lettuce pickers in a small boat and a boat girl
Shangsi lettuce is produced in Tongjian Lake. Every year, from mid-April until mid-to-late September, small boats float above the water surface of Tongjian Lake, which is a different local scenery.
However, due to the siltation of the Qiantang River and the reclamation of the lake, the lake gradually became land. Especially since the 1960s and 1970s, the area around Tongjian Lake has been "unable to get water in the dry season, and unable to discharge water in the rainy season", and some farmed fish ponds have destroyed the surrounding environment. Local villagers can only grow lettuce in places with a little paddy field, and where the lake is dry, they grow vegetables and rice, the lake is getting smaller and smaller, and the once beautiful Tongjian Lake is gradually forgotten.
The first phase of Tongjian Lake
On September 28, 2020, the first phase of the Tongjian Lake Park project located in the Lingshan Style Town of Shuangpu Town, West Lake District, was completed, restoring the ancient building "Dingnan Mansion", and building a number of small islands in the lake, building a long bridge, a boardwalk, and also setting up "Flower Shadow Floating Blue", "Copper Mirror Reflection", "Long Causeway Lying Wave", "Ancient Road Smoke and Rain" and other Internet red attractions. The restoration of the 1.35 square kilometer main lake area is expected to be completed by the end of 2021.
Therefore, in addition to the fact that we can go to the Yongjin Gate, we also have one more place to go, Tongjian Lake in the West Lake District.
Bibliography: Xi Liufang's "Qiantang Former Site Examination", "Hangzhou Mingsheng Lake Geography Examination"
Special thanks to Li Hanlin for his contribution to this article
Source: Qianjiang Evening News Hourly News reporter Li Wei