Forest butter - avocado plant non-test tube efficient fast propagation technology fast propagation oil pear

Avocado, scientific name Persea americana Mill. (P. gratissima Gaertn.;P.gratissima Pax.), English name avocado, alligator pear. Avocado is also known as avocado, avocado, camphor pear, avocado, cream fruit, and rakuten fruit. In Taiwan, it is also known as the fruit of happiness. Avocado is a kind of camphoraceae oil pear (avocado) is an evergreen tree, tropical, subtropical areas (the lowest temperature is greater than -1 °C) in the vast mountainous areas can be planted and developed, in some parts of China cultivated with semi-deciduous phenomenon.

Avocado is native to Mexico, Colombia and the West Indies in Central America. At present, it is cultivated in more than 40 countries around the world, and the main producers are Mexico, the United States, Dominica, Brazil, Indonesia and other countries. China has been cultivating oil pear since the 1920s, and at present, Hainan, Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan and other provinces (autonomous regions) have cultivated and distributed, and Taiwan and Hainan have more cultivation. Guangxi has built an important national emberries production base. Emeries are divided into three series according to their origin: Mexican, Guatemalan, and West Indies. Famous varieties are: Haas, Lula, Pollock, Born 7 and so on. At present, there are more than 70 commercial varieties introduced in China, most of which are hybrids of different ecological types, including Haas, Lula, Pollock, Born 7 and Born 8. Hybrids of the Guatemalan and Mexican lines are more suitable for growth in subtropical regions.

The average plant height of avocado is 8 to 20 m. The roots are shallow, the trunk is obvious, the branches are open, the texture is brittle, it is not resistant to strong winds, and it is easy to be blown by the wind. Single-leaf alternate, fully margined, leathery, mostly inverted ovate or oval, 10 to 20 cm long and 5 to 10 cm wide, with dense bundles at the top of the leaves. The flowers are small pale yellow. Fleshy stone fruit, single fruit weight 150 ~ 1500g, usually pear-shaped, ovate or spherical; fruit length 5 ~ 20 cm, diameter 3 ~ 14 cm; flesh with egg yolk flavor, slightly sweet; thick skin, woody; larger seeds, 1, accounting for 1/4 to 1/3 of the fruit weight. The flesh is thin, and the edible rate is 70 to 80%; pear root rot is the most important devastating disease, and the main pests are leafminer moths, scarab beetles, aphids and so on. Under normal circumstances, 50 to 60 cm of pear seedlings can be colonized, and the row spacing of cultivated plants is 5 to 6 m. The ripening period is from August to September. Adult trees produce 25 to 50 kg, and high yields 100 to 150 kg. Perennial fruit production, no obvious size of the year, with high yield, stable yield characteristics. Pears generally start to bear fruit three years after planting, the fifth year of mu yield of about 600 ~ 800 jin, 8 ~ 10 years into the peak production period, mu production of up to 4000 ~ 4500 jin, the general annual output value of 78,000 yuan / hm2, the annual profit of 33,000 yuan / hm2 or so. The normal economic life expectancy of pears is more than 20 years, and it is a fruit with great development potential in tropical and subtropical regions.

The adaptability of pears to temperature varies greatly depending on the variety, the Mexican system (subtropical) has strong cold tolerance, can durable consumer goods -4 ° C low temperature, its cold tolerance is comparable to sweet orange; West Indies (tropical) has the weakest cold tolerance, can only durable consumer goods -1 ~ -2 °C low temperature; Guatemalan system (semi-tropical) is between the two. It is easier to cultivate pears, and suitable varieties can be selected for planting in tropical and subtropical areas with an annual rainfall of more than 1000mm. Deep and fertile soil is the most suitable for sandy loam or alluvial soil with good drainage and irrigation, and generally requires a groundwater level of 3 to 5m. The roots of the oil pear are afraid of standing water, and it is easy to rot when it accumulates water, but it cannot be short of water, and it is necessary to keep the rhizosphere soil moist throughout the year. Therefore, in times of drought, it is necessary to irrigate appropriately. It is generally believed that any soil where citrus grows well can grow pears.

The flesh of the pear oil is delicate and delicious, cheese-like and walnut- In the world encyclopedia, emerian pears are listed as a nutritious fruit, and the pulp is rich in fat, protein, vitaminS A, B and minerals such as iron, potassium and magnesium. Compared with general fruits, the pulp of pears contains up to 30% fat, 20 to 200 times that of bananas and 40 to 400 times that of apples, so it has the reputation of "tree butter", which can be compared with butter (also known as cream). And most of the fat contained in oil pears is unsaturated fatty acids (that is, less cholesterol), easy to digest and absorb, the digestibility is 93%, more suitable for the elderly and infirm to nourish the body to eat; in addition, the oil pear also has the characteristics of high protein, high energy and low sugar. Protein content of 1 to 3% (the content of a variety of amino acids are about 1/15 of eggs), 6 to 7 times that of apples, ordinary fruits per pound of calories 75 to 400 calories, pears for 1056 calories, the fever value is more than 75% higher than cereals, so it is also known as "grain fruit"; the carbohydrate content of avocado is 2 to 9%, only 1/3 to 1/20 of apples, fully meet the requirements of food to nutritional, health care, especially suitable for diabetic patients on the food high-energy and low-sugar consumption requirements The mineral content of iron and potassium contained in pears is also 1 to 2 times higher than that of other fruits, especially the iron contained in the pulp, which has important value in the prevention and treatment of anemia. Because avocado has the characteristics of high fat, high protein, high calorie and low sugar, it is very suitable for pilots, divers and athletes and other high-energy-consuming operators to eat, there is "a pear is equivalent to three eggs of nutrition" and "cream for the poor". Therefore, avocado is a kind of health care fruit that integrates fruit, grain and oil, and has become a new famous fruit in the tropical and subtropical that attracts attention, and many countries in Europe and the United States regard the oil pear as a treasure in the fruit.

In addition, the pulp of the nectarine has a good affinity with human skin, is easily absorbed by the skin, has a strong absorption of ultraviolet rays, and is rich in vitamin E and carotene, so it has good skin care, sun protection and health care effects. The United States, Japan and other countries have been widely used in skin care creams, facial cleansers, masks, shampoos, sunscreens and other more than 240 kinds of cosmetics.

With the shortage of energy and the improvement of environmental protection requirements, biodiesel as a substitute for petroleum energy is booming, and pears have received more and more attention along with other biodiesel plants because of their high oil content. In Tanzania, pears have been vigorously developed as an ideal raw material for biodiesel and have formed a certain scale. Therefore, emberries have great potential in the development of biodiesel and will be an important resource for the development of the bioenergy industry in China and the world. Although the avocado has been widely valued by the world for only more than 100 years, because of the high nutritional value of the pear, the health care effect is good, the prospects as a bioenergy are broad, the price in the international market is not cheap, and the sales channel is good. Developed countries attach great importance to the development of oil pears, so now in the world, the oil pear cultivation industry is developing very rapidly, making oil pears one of the fruits with the fastest growth in cultivation area and yield. However, in China, the cultivation of oil pears is still relatively small, and the planting area of the whole country does not exceed 4,000 mu, and no climate has been formed.

Avocado not only has many of the above uses, but also the low price of raw materials, which makes its deep-processed products have a strong competitiveness; in addition, due to the limited number of fruits, it is easy to form a monopoly variety to lock in the market sales target. For such a natural resource as aurel, with the gradual development of publicity, its own and its deep-processed products will make more manufacturers and consumers aware; and the use of hillside planting of oil pears can not only increase farmers' income significantly, but also improve farmers' own dietary structure. And according to the scale needs of enterprise production products, the supporting development of oilseed pear planting and the gradual formation of an industrialized management system are also of great significance for stimulating the local characteristic economy. In addition, the planting of pears does not occupy farmland, barren mountains, dry slopes can be planted, and the canopy of pears is huge, the leaf layer is deep, to prevent soil erosion, improve the ecological environment, the effect is remarkable, so it is also a good tree species to return farmland to forest. Therefore, the development of avocado has broad market prospects, adding new products needed by consumers to the market, and contributing to the development of new plant protein foods and new bioenergy in China.

At present, the propagation of emerilies mostly uses seeds, but also adopts the method of budding or striping. In addition to Taiwan, China mostly plants solid seedlings, but the real seedlings have large variations, small fruits, and poor quality. At present, grafted seedlings are mostly used in economic cultivation. However, the traditional method is slow, the survival rate is not high, and the adaptability is poor. Researcher Li Changxiao's non-test-tube efficient rapid propagation technology has successfully and rapidly bred more than 4 million plants of the Lauraceae family, including a variety of crops such as oil camphor, cinnamon, tianzhu cinnamon, cinnamon and camphor. Moreover, the technology is extremely adaptable, simple to operate, low cost of large-scale production, high reproduction coefficient, continuous rapid reproduction throughout the year, and grow according to the geometric quantity, and quickly supply the market. By using plant non-test tube efficient and fast propagation technology to multiply pear seedlings on a large scale, investors can get a geometric increase in seedlings in a short-term investment, so that your investment can get a higher return and create higher economic benefits for you.

Attached: Nectarine products - use and extraction of nectarine oil

Among the nuts of avocados, the content of oil candida oil is 45 to 55%, and the oil content of avocado tree kernels from Yunnan in China is about 48 to 56%. Pear oil to unsaturated triglycerides as the main component, the appearance of hard paste, soft covered with small particles of crystals, before refining odor is larger, the color according to its processing and production process is different yellow or light green, after refining there is a faint avocado tree unique fragrance, white, storage and transportation is very convenient.

Uses of nectarine oil:

1. Traditional usage

(1) used as an edible vegetable oil for cooking;

(2) Massage on the body to relax the muscles and make the skin soft and smooth;

(3) Help wound healing;

(4) Used as hair oil;

2. Application in cosmetics

Nectarine oil is a natural oil, in addition to many traditional uses, at this stage as a new cosmetic raw material with its excellent melting characteristics and emollient properties are widely used in creams, emulsions, lip balm, skin care products and hair products and other types of cosmetics.

(1) Used as a cosmetic matrix As a new type of cosmetic raw material, the mass fraction of non-saponifics in nectarine oil is as high as 9 to 13%, which is not available in other vegetable oils, and the natural moisturizing factors in nectarine oil and the moisturizer extracted from the sebaceous glands have the same ingredients, so nectarine oil is also regarded as the most effective natural skin moisturizer and conditioner, which is applied to beauty creams, lotions, anhydrous cream creams and other modifiers to supplement the lack of oil in human epidermal cells. Provides a variety of basic elements needed to maintain the physiological balance of the skin.

(2) Used in sunscreen cosmetics Because of the cinnamate contained in nectarine oil, it can prevent the damage caused by ultraviolet radiation to the skin in sunscreen cosmetics, and the natural latex in oil can also prevent skin allergies caused by sun exposure.

(3) For facial skin care cream, nectar oil can promote cell regeneration and capillary circulation, and is used for skin care products to prevent and delay the effect of skin aging.

(4) For hair products Pear oil has a strong ability to lock water, has a good affinity for the skin, so it can be applied to shampoo and other hair products, repair the epithelium and dry and easy to break the internal tissue structure of hair, so that dry, damaged hair to restore health, and give hair moist and bright.

(5) Cosmetics for some special purposes Pear oil is used in cosmetics, in addition to being an excellent moisturizer and conditioner, it is also an additive with outstanding therapeutic effects and has many unique uses. The vitamin A in pear oil has an important improvement effect on the removal of many skin defects such as wrinkles, eczema, etc.; high-quality oil canonoli oil has an improving effect on the treatment of skin allergies, skin cracks, skin ulcers, various skin inflammations, insect bites and skin burns; it can greatly reduce the scar area, can treat rheumatism and muscle pain, and can also relieve nasal mucosal tissue congestion to reduce colds. It has also been reported that nectarine oil contains trace amounts of butyroyl cetyl alcohol, which has a similar effect to adrenaline (cortisone).

Extraction of pear oil

Avocado can extract the oil of the nectarine, and the traditional oil extraction method can be pressed, dipped or directly beaten with fresh pulp.

The route of the supercritical fluid extraction technique is: peeling and drying of the oil pear to extract the refined oil. There is no waste water exhaust emission in the production, and the waste residue can be further utilized.

The main process of extracting pear oil by centrifugation is as follows: harvesting fresh fruit → and then ripening→ peeling, pitting→ grinding and beating with colloids→ dilution, heating to 100 °C, adjusting pH, adding appropriate salt → centrifuge to separate → crude oil → deacidification→ decolorization→ deodorization → refined oil → water and dross.

Refined pear dregs are very valuable livestock feed, and pear seeds can also be made into good feed for chickens after being crushed and processed.