The distinction between raspberries, raspberries, raspberries, thatchberries, black raspberries, strawberries, and mulberries
Text: Mr. Hanaki
Although the summer weather is hot, but it is the season of fruit collective listing, such as early summer strawberries, raspberries, cherries, bayberry, loquat and so on to take the lead, after midsummer, peaches, apricots, plums, mulberries, watermelons, melons, grapes, lychees, longan, bananas, durian, mangoes, carambola, rambutan, avocados, figs, etc. flocked to the scene, and so on, all kinds of fruits in the north of the South China Sea are dazzling, colorful, distinctive, delicious, and satisfy people's appetite.
However, people often encounter such embarrassments, some imported products or exotic fruits can not be named, or confused, such as kiwifruit (kiwifruit), lotus mist (peach), tizi (grape), pineapple (mangosteen), avocado (avocado), pineapple (pineapple), linqi (sand fruit), golden banana (banana), cherry (cherry), ginseng fruit (melon eggplant), egg fruit (passion fruit) and so on. There are many reasons, some are different regions with the same name, some are the title of artificially cultivated varieties, but more are caused by the marketing methods taken by merchants using people's curiosity.
Take the fruit of the genus Rubus, due to the variety of this genus, there are more than 700 species in the world, and there are 194 species in China. However, because the genus is extremely widely distributed, basically all provinces have distribution, and the fruits are mostly similar, so the names are naturally different from place to place, such as raspberries, raspberries, raspberries, raspberries, compound pots, hanging hooks, March bubbles, mountain throwers, thorn gourds, etc., there are as many as thirty common names, many of which have the same name and the same plant.
To distinguish in detail the genus Of the genus Hook, but a systematic project, it requires a huge work to get a glimpse of the doorway. For those of us plant lovers, there is neither a need nor a need to go to great lengths. However, we can have a little understanding of the common types of the current fruit market, and it is enough to be able to distinguish them simply. At present, most of the market sales are cultivated varieties of raspberries imported from abroad, and there are four categories of blackberries, redberries, yellowberries and blueberries according to the color and growth characteristics of the fruit.
However, this is not the focus of this article, in order to let everyone understand the distribution of many high-quality hook genus germplasm resources in China, the author has selected four representative raspberries with high market prospects, namely raspberries, thatched berries, black raspberries and raspberries, in addition, in order to strengthen the impression, the raspberries and strawberries, mulberries are compared, the following we will briefly introduce its morphological distribution and identification.
First, the difference between raspberries and strawberries and mulberries
1. Raspberry
Raspberries are the fruit of a deciduous shrub (thin evergreen), semi-shrub, or perennial creeping herb of the Rosaceae family Rubus L.. The stems of this genus are mostly prickly , pinprick or spiny and glandular hairs , and are rarely prickly. The leaves are alternate, the flowers are amphoteric, rare and hermaphroditic; the fruit is a polymer fruit formed by the collection of small stone fruits on the flower holder, or is formed into a solid with the flower tray, or is separated from the flower tray and hollow, syrupy or dry, red, yellow or black, glabrous or hairless.
2. Strawberries
Strawberries are the fruit of the Brocaria ×anassa Duch.) horticultural cultivar of the Rosaceae family, Fragaria. Native to South America, perennial herb, 10–40 cm tall, stems below or nearly equal to leaves, densely covered with yellow soft hairs, leaves three out, polygonal inflorescence, flowers amphoteric; large aggregate fruit, up to 3 cm in diameter, bright red, celesparabs upright, close to the fruit; skinny fruit tip ovate, smooth. The flowering period is from April to May, and the fruit period is from June to July.
3. Mulberry
Mulberry is a genus of Mulberry families (Moraceae), Morus alba Linn. ) fruit. Native to central and northern China, trees or shrubs, 3-10 meters high or higher, chest diameter up to 50 cm; hermaphroditic, its flowers are unisexual; mulberries are mostly densely packed into an oval or oblong polyflorum, formed by the collection of most small stone fruits, oblong, 2-3 cm long, green at the beginning of maturity, fleshy, black purple or red after maturity, small seeds, flowering period of 3-5 months, fruit period 5-6 months.
Second, the morphological distribution of raspberries, grassberries, black raspberries and raspberries of the genus Hanging hooks
1. Raspberry
Raspberry (Rubuscorchorifolius L. f.), also known as raspberry, mountain thrower, milk bubble, sprinkler bubble, March bubble, April bubble, dragon boat bubble, barley bubble, bubble thorn, thorn gourd, steamed bun pine, high foot wave, mountain bubble, etc., in addition to the northeast, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Tibet, the country has a distribution.
Erect shrub, 1–3 m tall, branches with spiny spines, soft hairs at young age, single-leaf, ovate to ovate lanceolate; flowers grow singly or rarely on short branches; petals oblong or oval, white, rounded and blunt at the apex. The fruit consists of many small stone fruits, nearly spherical or ovoid, 1–1.2 cm in diameter, red, densely covered with fine hairs; the nuclei are wrinkled. The flowering period is from February to March, and the fruit period is from April to June.
2. Grass berry
Rubus parvifoliusL., also known as red plum, lotus field, small leaf hanging hook, grassberry hanging hook, grass arbutus plum, snake bubble, tooth eagle, mother-in-law head, etc., are distributed in most parts of the country.
Shrubs, 1–2 m tall; branches curved in a bowed shape, covered with soft hairs and sparse hook-like skin spines; 3 leaflets, occasionally 5 on new branches, diamond-shaped round or inverted ovate; umbels inflorescences are apical or axillary, sparsely apical inflorescences are short and total, with several flowers, covered with soft hairs and fine spines; petals are oval or oblong, pink to purple-red, with claws at the base. The fruit is ovoid, 1–1.5 cm in diameter, red, glabrous or sparsely hairy; the nucleus is shallowly wrinkled. The flowering period is from May to June, and the fruit period is from July to August.
3. Black raspberry
Black raspberry, Chinese scientific name R.mesogaeus Focke), also known as purple raspberry, berries, short-form thorny vine, deep mountain hanging hook, etc., produced in Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei, Taiwan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet.
Climbing shrub, 1–4 m tall; old branches have broad skin spines at the sparse base, small branches are reddish-brown or purple-brown, with sparse needle-like skin spines or nearly spineless, and are softly hairy when young. Leaflets are often 3 and 5 are rare, and the apical leaflets are broadly diamond-shaped ovate or ovate. The inflorescences are born at the apex or axillary of lateral twigs, with a few to 20 flowers; the petals are inverted ovate, nearly round or oval, with slightly hairy at the base, white or light pink. The fruit is oblate spherical, 6–8 mm in diameter, purple-black, glabrous; the nucleus is triangular ovoid and wrinkled. The flowering period is from April to May, and the fruit period is from July to August.
4. Raspberry
Raspberry, Chinese scientific name palm leaf raspberry (scientific name: Rubuschingii Hu), also known as East China raspberry, produced in Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangxi. Vine-like shrub, 1.5–3 m tall; thin, prickly, glabrous. Single-leaf, nearly rounded; single-flower axillary, glabrous; petals oval or ovate oblong, white, blunt at the apex; fruit nearly spherical, red, 1.5–2 cm in diameter, densely covered with off-white soft hairs. The flowering period is from March to April, and the fruit period is from May to June.
The prospect of raspberries and the medicinal value of raspberries
China's hanging hook genus germplasm resources are particularly rich, but in the horticultural selection and cultivation of far behind foreign countries, now cultivated horticultural varieties are mostly imported from abroad, which is really shameful. In fact, if we rely on China's germplasm resources, we can cultivate more high-quality raspberry varieties, and the market prospects are very optimistic.
The fruit raspberry of the genus Hanging hook, with the effect of benefiting the kidneys and condensing urine, nourishing the liver and the eyes, has a long history of medicinal cultivation in China, as early as the pre-Qin period there are records and medicinal uses, and there are many names, "Shennong Materia Medica · Shangpin • Fruit Department" called Peng, raspberry, etc., in fact, the ancients in the selection of raspberries into medicine often appeared in the phenomenon of the same name, but now the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" only confirms is east China raspberry, this is a rigorous and authoritative explanation, specific details, can refer to the author's previous article "Raspberries or Raspberries?" Elegant or gimmicky? If you are interested, you can read more.
2021/7/9 Easy to flower wood