The Panthéon in Paris will welcome the 6th woman, who are the top 5?

The French government recently announced that the late French actress Joséphine Baker, who fought all her life against racial discrimination, equality and freedom, will be buried at the Panthéon in Paris on November 30, becoming the first black woman to be buried here. The Pantheon (also known as the Pantheon) is the burial place of France's most famous cultural figures, and it is home to great people who have made extraordinary contributions to France. Before Baker, only 5 women had received the honor. Who are they? What contributions have been made?

Sophie Bertello: "The Woman Behind the Successful Man"

French television station BFM TV reported that the first woman to be placed in the Panthéon was named Sophie Berthelot, who was allowed to be buried in the Panthéon because she had assisted her husband Marcellin Berthelot in her research and "fully demonstrated the virtues of marriage."

Marcellan is a famous French chemist, biologist and politician. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Public Education, and many streets, squares, schools and colleges are named after him. He has applied for more than 1,000 scientific patents, and has made achievements in organic synthesis, gunpowder explosion, agriculture, history of science and other fields, which has greatly promoted the development of physical chemistry.

Panthéon, Paris, France. (Image source: Unsplash)

Marcellan and his wife Sophie were married in May 1861, and the couple always respected and loved each other, with a total of six children. When Sophie became seriously ill while assisting him with his research, Marselan told the children that he could not "survive" anymore. Shortly after Sophie's death, Marcellan died of unknown causes in 1907.

Marselan's family agreed to bury him in the Pantheon on the condition that Sophie be buried with him. In his eulogy in 1907, French politician Aristide Briand said: "All the rare qualities she possesses bind a beautiful, elegant, gentle, kind, cultured woman to the focus, dreams and accomplishments of a gifted man." ”

Marie Curie: The woman who won the Nobel Prize for the first time

Marie Curie, whose original name was Marya Sklodowska, was a Polish girl born in Warsaw in 1867 and came to Paris in 1891 to study physics and mathematics. In 1895, she married physicist Pierre Curie. They discovered two new radioactive atoms, named polonium and radium, and together with Henry Becquerel won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Pierre died in a car accident in 1906. The Department of Physics of the University of Paris decided to retain Pierre's position to grant Tomarie. Marie then became the first female professor at the University of Paris.

Mary was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911. It also makes her the only woman in the world to win two Nobel Prizes. In 1934, Mary died of aplastic anemia, which is widely believed to have afflicted her exposure to radiation for a long time.

In 1995, French President Mitterrand adopted simone Wein's advice, and Marie Curie was relocated to the Pantheon along with her husband's ashes. This made her the first woman to be buried in the Pantheon by her own achievements.

De Gaulle's niece and resistance fighter Genesevere

Geneviève de Gaulle-Anthonioz, born in 1920, was not only the niece of General de Gaulle, she was also the first woman to be awarded the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor. While still in the history department, she joined the famous "Museum of Man" resistance, one of the earliest resistance organizations established in Paris. In 1943, she was accused and arrested, and was eventually escorted to the Ravensbrück concentration camp near Berlin.

At the end of 1958, she met Father Joseph Vyshinsky, the founder of the "Aid to All Difficulties" movement and later became the NGO ATD Quart-Monde (Fourth World International Movement for Poverty). In 1964, she became head of the organization. In 1988, she became a member of the French Economic and Social Council and fought tirelessly for 10 years to pass the fight against poverty, which was finally enacted in 1998.

Geneseverva died in 2002. In 2015, in honor of the Spirit of Resistance in France, she was moved to the Pantheon along with four heroes, the feminist writer Germain Thylion, the former Minister of Education Jean-Zai, and the left-wing journalist Pierre Brosolette.

Relentless human rights fighter Germain Thyrion

Germaine Tillion was born in 1907 as an anthropologist and a tireless human rights fighter.

During World War II, she helped found the Museum of Humanity resistance. In 1943, she was arrested in Germany and imprisoned with her mother in a Nazi concentration camp in Ravensbrück. She was the second woman to receive the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor.

After the end of World War II, Germania voiced his opposition to the French colonization of Algeria and joined Camus in the rescue of members of the Algerian liberation camp. She was also one of the earliest advocates of the feminist movement. She has written numerous books on anthropology, concentration camps, Algeria, and other topics. German died at home on 19 April 2008 at the age of 101.

Simone Wey, a female politician who influenced the 20th century

Simone Veil, a survivor of Auschwitz and a former French health minister and president of the European Parliament, is one of France's most popular political figures. She served as president of the Holocaust Foundation and was also a scholar.

Originally known as Simone Jacob, she was born on July 13, 1927, to a Jewish intellectual family in France. In 1943, Simone's family was escorted to Auschwitz in Poland, where her parents and brother both died. In 1974, she became the first female minister of health, and in Predominantly Catholic France, she introduced and promoted the passage of the Voluntary Abortion Act, which made her one of the most influential women in France in the 20th century.

She entered the Pantheon a year after her death in 2018. Her husband Antoine died in 2013 and was buried with her.

(Editor: Wen Geng)