The Book of Han, also known as the Book of the Former Han Dynasty, compiled by Ban Gu, a historian of the Eastern Han Dynasty in China, is one of the first chronicles of Chinese history, one of the "Twenty-Four Histories". The Book of Han is another important historical book in ancient China after the "Records of History", and is called the "First Four Histories" together with the "Records of History", "Book of Later Han" and "Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms". The book of Han mainly records the first year of Han Gaozu (206 BC) from the Western Han Dynasty to the fourth year of Wang Mangdi emperor of the new dynasty, a total of 230 years of history. The Book of Han includes twelve chapters of the Ji, eight chapters of the Table, ten chapters of the Zhi, and seventy chapters of the Transmission, a total of 100 articles, which are divided into 120 volumes and a total of 800,000 words. #人物 #
Lu Wenshu character Changjun, Giant Deer Dongli people also. The Father is the Gatekeeper. Make Wen Shu shepherd sheep, Wen Shu take Ze Zhongpu, borrow it as a mule, and compile and write books. A little bit of goodness, ask for a prison official, because of the study of the law, turned into prison history, the county is suspicious of everything. Tai Shou Xing County, see different, signed the cao history. Also influenced by "Spring and Autumn", Tong Dayi. Filial piety, for the mountain, sit on the law, and reinstated as a county official. In Yuan Fengzhong, Ting Wei Guang ruled the prison and asked Wen Shu to play Cao Shu and guard the history of Ting Wei. Emperor Huizhao collapsed, King He of Changyi was deposed, Emperor Xuan ascended the throne at the beginning of the reign, Wen Shu wrote a letter, and Yan YiShangde was suspended. His words are: The subject WenQi has the scourge of ignorance, while the Duke of Huan is xing; the Jin has the difficulty of Li Ji, and the Wen Gong is the uncle. In the recent dynasty, King Zhao did not end, Zhu Lü rebelled, and Xiaowen was Emperor Taizong. It is the view of the gods, and the works of calamity will be opened to the saints also. Gu Huan, Wen Fu Wei Xing, Honor the Cause of Wen Wu, Ze Jia People, Gongrun Princes, although not as good as the Three Kings, the world belongs to Ren Yan. Emperor Wen always thinks of virtue, with the heart of heaven, the reverence of benevolence, the province of punishment, the pass of liang, a far and near, respecting the virtuous as a guest, loving the people as a naked son, the peace of forgiveness within the sea, and giving to the sea, is to imprison emptiness, the world is too peaceful. After the change, there will be a different grace, and this sage will therefore show the destiny of heaven. In the past, Emperor Zhao was born without heirs, and the ministers were worried and conspired with each other, and they all respected Changyi and helped him. However, the heavens did not give orders, and fornicated their hearts, so they killed themselves. Deeply observing the cause of the calamity is the reason why the Emperor Heaven opened the Most Holy One. Therefore, the great general was ordered by Emperor Wu, the Han Dynasty, the liver and gallbladder, the great plan, the deposed righteousness, the establishment of virtue, the auxiliary heavens, and then the Zongmiao Temple, xianning.
[Translation] Lu Wenshu, the character Changjun, is a native of Julu County. His father was the village's overseer, and asked Lu Wenshu to herd sheep, and Lu Wenshu collected grass from the water, cut it into the shape of a simple mu, woven it with rope, and wrote on it. After making a little progress in his studies, he asked to be a small prison guard, took the opportunity to study the law, and was promoted to prison history, and every time the county encountered a difficult case, he asked him for advice. Taishou inspected the counties, saw him, and felt that he was not an ordinary man, so he asked him to take the place of Cao Shi. He also studied "Spring and Autumn" with his teacher, and he knew a little bit about it. He was promoted to filial piety, and was made a county clerk in Shanyi County, but was dismissed from his post for breaking the law, and later became a subordinate official of the county. During the Yuan Feng dynasty, Li Guang, a court lieutenant, tried the prisoners who had been foxed by the edict of the Heavenly Son, and asked Lu Wenshu to act as Cao Tuan on his behalf, and concurrently performed the duties of ting wei shi. Just in time for Emperor Zhao's death, Liu Heli, the Prince of Changyi, was immediately abolished, and Emperor Xuan had just ascended the throne as emperor, and Lu Wenshu wrote to Emperor Xuan, suggesting that benevolence should be advocated and the punishment should be reduced. He said this: I have heard that the State of Qi is ignorant and rebellious, and the Duke of Qi Huan has risen up; the State of Jin has the difficulty of Li Ji, and the Duke of Jin wen is hegemonic. In the recent world, King Huan was imprisoned and died, the Lü clan rebelled, and Emperor Xiaowen became the "Son of Heaven" of the Han Dynasty. From this point of view, the occurrence of calamities opened the way for the emergence of the Holy King. Therefore, the Duke of Qi Huan and the Duke of Jin Wen helped the weak Heavenly Son, revived the broken princes, followed the cause of King Wen of Zhou and King Wu of Zhou, and the grace was added to the people, and the merit was given to the princes, although it was not as good as the three kings, but the people of the world returned to benevolence and righteousness. Emperor Wen always pursued the supreme moral government, in order to conform to the will of Heaven, respect benevolence and righteousness, reduce punishment, open the guanliang, make the distance and proximity the same, the transportation is convenient, respect the virtuous people like greeting vips, love the people is like treating his own son, for the government decree, we must think carefully with a generous heart, feel reasonable, and then implement it to the whole country, thus creating a situation of prison emptiness and peace in the world. After the chaos, there must be extraordinary kindness, which is the method used by the sages to show the destiny. Once upon a time, when Emperor Zhao died without any children to inherit the throne, the ministers were worried and anxiously discussed together, believing that Liu He, the king of Changyi, was the closest to Emperor Zhao, and that he was an elder brother, and that he had a more honorable position, so they invited him to be made the son of heaven. But Heaven did not authorize him, but to confuse his heart, to make him absurd, and finally to perish in vain. Looking closely at the causes of the troubles, it turns out that the heavens are blazing a trail for the saints. Therefore, the great general Huo Guang accepted the orders of Emperor Wu, assisted the Han Dynasty, was loyal, decided on a grand plan, eliminated the unrighteous, supported the virtuous king, and took the place of The Way of Heaven, and then made the country stable and the world peaceful.
The subject heard that the "Spring and Autumn" was on the throne, and the great unification was cautious and cautious. His Majesty's first ascension to the supreme throne, in harmony with heaven, it is advisable to change the losses of past lives, to unify the beginning, to purify the troubles, to remove the people's diseases, and to survive and die, in order to meet the will of Heaven. The subject Wen Qin had ten mistakes, one of which still existed, and the official who ruled the prison was also. At the time of the Qin Dynasty, he was ashamed of literature, good martial arts, unworthy and righteous men, and officials of Guizhi Prison; those who spoke righteously were called slanderous, and those who curbed them were called demon words. Therefore, Mr. Shengfu is not used in the world, loyal and good words are depressed in the chest, and the voice of praise is full of ears; the heart is vain and beautiful, and the real disaster is hidden. This is the reason why Qin died in the world. Fang lai's majesty today is generous, the danger of the death of the Golden Revolution, the plague of hunger and cold, the father and son husband and wife work hard to settle down, but the peace is not in harmony, and the prison chaos is also. The husband of the prisoner, the great destiny of the world, the dead cannot be resurrected, and the absolute cannot be restored. The Book says, "Rather than kill and be ashamed, it is better to lose than to lose." "This is not the case for the prison guards, who drive from top to bottom, and carve them as the light; those who are deep are given public names, and those who are peaceful have many troubles." Therefore, all the officials who rule the prison want people to die, not to hate others, and the way to self-peace lies in the death of people. It is the blood of the dead that flows away from the city, and the tortured stand shoulder to shoulder, and the age of the great expanse is tens of thousands, and the reason why this benevolent saint is also injured. The peace is not agreed, and so is it. The lady is happy to live in peace, and the pain is to think of death. Under the chu, why not ask for it? Therefore, if the prisoner is overwhelmed with pain, he will be adorned with words; if he is in favor of the ruler, he will point out the way to make it clear; and if he is afraid of it, he will practice it and practice it within the week. Gai Song deserved it, although he blamed it, he thought that there was more to die than he deserved. Why? The practitioners are numerous, and the sins of the literati are also clear. It is the prison guard who is designed to die for the deep, the thief who dies, steals for everything, regardless of the troubles of the country, and the great thief of this world. Therefore, as the saying goes: "Painting the land is a prison, and it is not possible to enter the discussion; the carved wood is an official, and the period is not right." "These are all the winds of the sick, and the words of sorrow." Therefore, the troubles of the world are not deeper than prison; the failure of the law and the chaos of the law, away from the relatives of the Road, no more than the officials who govern the prison. This so-called one survivor also.
I heard that the Spring and Autumn Period wrote "on the throne" in the first month of the first year of the first year, which is to praise unity and attach importance to the beginning. Your Majesty has just ascended to the throne of the Son of Heaven, in accordance with the will of Heaven, and you should correct the mistakes of the previous dynasty, straighten out the imperial system you have just accepted, eliminate the harsh rules, relieve the people of their sufferings, and survive and die, in order to conform to the will of Heaven. I have heard that the Qin Dynasty had ten major faults, one of which still exists today, and that is the officials who tried the prisons. During the reign of Qin, he despised the literature and classics, liked force and bravery, despised benevolent and righteous people, and honored the officials of prison; Zhengyan Jinzhi was regarded as slander, and Chen's negligence was regarded as a demon. Therefore, the virtuous person is not reused, the loyal heart and the earnest words can only be hidden in the chest, and the voice of flattery is incessant; false praise confuses the heart, but the evils of reality are ignored. This is the reason why the Qin Dynasty lost the world. Now the people of the world have received your great kindness, there is no danger of war, there is no suffering of hunger and cold, father and son and husband and wife work together to build a homeland, but the world has not really been peaceful, this is because of the destruction of prison. Prison is the key to the country's chaos, the dead can not come back to life, limbs cut off electricity can not be combined again. The Book of Books says, "Rather than killing the innocent, it would be unconventional." "This is not the case with the officials who are now trying prisons, who drive each other from top to bottom, treat meanness as light-heartedness, and gain a just reputation by falling into felonys, while those who enforce the law fairly have many troubles. So the officials who tried the prisons wanted the interrogators to be put to death, not because they hated them, but because the way to protect themselves was to let them die. Therefore, the blood of those convicted and killed is flowing all over the city, there are people who are punished for their sins everywhere, and tens of thousands of people are punished every year, which is the reason why the government of benevolence and holiness has been damaged. The Taiping Dynasty cannot be achieved, and the problem is probably here. As far as human feelings are concerned, when there is peace, we love life, and when we are in pain, we think of death. Under torture, what kind of confession can not be obtained? Therefore, the prisoner and interrogated person, who could not bear the pain of torture, made a false confession, confessed his guilt, and handed the confession to the official who interrogated him; the interrogator felt that it was very convenient to do so, so he pointed out and guided him to make him understand his crime; when he reported it, he was afraid of being returned, so he repeatedly revised the recital so that it was flawless. The crimes set in the song book have been completed, and even if the blame is broken, it will be considered that the convicted person has more than enough to die, why? Because the song book has been revised many times, the charges woven by the law are clear. Therefore, the official of the prison invokes the law to fall into sin, mean and cruel, unlimited, passable, expedient, without considering the calamity to be brought to the country, which is the greatest scourge today. Therefore, as the saying goes: "If you draw the ground as a prison, no one dares to go to the dprk to discuss politics; if you carve wood for an official, no one will dare to take countermeasures." These are all cries of grief and indignation that hate the harsh officials of law enforcement. Therefore, there is no greater calamity in the world than prison. Breaking the law, breaking the right track, separating relatives, and blocking the Holy Ways is nothing worse than the officials who tried the prison. Creation is one of the ten major faults of the Qin Dynasty that has existed to this day.
The egg of the black kites is not destroyed, and then the phoenix is set; the sin of slander is not condemned, and then the good words are entered. Therefore, the ancients had a saying: "The mountain hides the disease, the River Is polluted, the Jinyu hides the evil, and the monarch is criticized." "But if Your Majesty removes slander by inviting words, opening the mouth of the world, broadening the path of advice, sweeping away the loss of Qin, honoring the virtue of literature and martial arts, the provincial legal system, lenient punishment, and abolishing prisons, then the wind of peace can flourish in the world, forever perform harmony, and die with the heavens, and the world is very fortunate." Shang shan said it, and moved to the private governor of Guangyang. Nei Shi ju Wen Shu literature Gao Di, move right to support the wind. At that time, the edict ordered the secretary of state to choose those who could make the Huns. Wen Shu wrote to the book, willing to give the house, the violent bone square pair, in order to fulfill the courtesy festival. The Liao general Fan Mingyou and the servant Du Yannian asked for a complaint and resigned to their former officials. For a long time, he moved to Huai Taishou, ruled with a trace, and died of an official. Wen Shu received astronomical calculations from his grandfather, thinking that between Han Er and 37, he was sealed with Yu Ordination. When he became emperor, Gu Yong did the same. and Wang Mang usurped the throne, wanted to zhang dai Han's charm, and wrote his words. Wen Shuzi and his grandson were all pastors. Praise: Spring and Autumn Lu Zang Sun Da to advise the king, the gentleman thought that there was a queen. Jia Shan from the bottom three, Zou Yang and Mei traveled in the dangerous country, but the prisoners were exempted from punishment, and their words were justified. Lu Wenshu resigned smoothly and willingly, so as to become a family, Yi Zhao!
I have heard that where the eggs of the crows and the owl are not damaged, the phoenix will fall; the crime of slandering the monarch will not be punished, and then someone will offer advice. Therefore, in ancient times, some people said: "The mountain has grass and trees and poisonous things living in it, Kawa Izawa is wide so that it can accommodate muddy water, the jade contains slight flaws, and the people are good at controlling the courtiers, and they should also tolerate the shame of being accused." "I urge you to dispense with the rebuke of those who slander the monarch and accept the direct advice, to open up the way of speech, to sweep away the mistakes that led to the fall of Qin, to follow the moral government of King Wen of Zhou and King Wu of Zhou, to reduce the provisions of the law, to relax the punishment, and to abolish the prison of torture, then the prosperity of peace and prosperity can come, and the people of the world will feel infinitely happy. Emperor Xuan admired Lu Wenshu's letter and promoted him to the post of governor of Guangyang. Neishi recommended Lu Wenshu as the first class of the liberal arts discipline and promoted him to right fu feng cheng. At that time, the emperor issued an edict ordering the ministers to recommend those who could send envoys to the Xiongnu, Lu Wenshu wrote a letter, requesting that as an attendant, he should accompany the envoys to the Xiongnu to repay the Son of Heaven, and the emperor approved the letter and forwarded it to the Liao general Fan Mingyou and the servant Du Yannian to inquire about the situation, because he had no choice but to resign and return to the Forbidden City. After a long time, he was promoted to The Taishou of Linhuai County, with outstanding political achievements, and died in office. Lu Wenshu studied the knowledge of calendar and astronomy with his grandfather, and believed that the Han Dynasty would have great difficulties around 210 years after the founding of the country, so he secretly wrote to the emperor to be prepared. When he became emperor, Gu Yong said the same thing. When Wang Mang usurped the throne and wanted to announce to the world the basis for Dai Mo, he preached these words. Lu Wenshu's sons and grandsons both became high-ranking officials such as Prefecture Pastor and Taishou. Zan Yue: During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zang Sun Da of the State of Lu advised the monarch with courtesy and righteousness, and people of high moral character thought that his descendants would prosper. From below, Mai Shan pointed out the faults of Emperor Chen, and Zou Yang and Mei Cheng traveled to the kingdom where there was danger, but they could be spared from torture and killed, because they could strictly abide by the right path. Lu Wenshu's words are gentle and sincere, so it is too deserving for future generations to be high-ranking officials!