In 1898, in the stormy prison, Tan Sitong, who was dying in anger, wrote a poem:
Look at the door to stop Thinking Zhang Jian, endure death and wait for Dugan;
I smiled at the sky with a horizontal knife and went to leave the liver and gallbladder for two kunluns.
Brilliant poems
So the question is, as an example for Tan Sitong to learn from, who are Zhang Jian and Dugan?
In fact, according to the date of birth, Dugan is in front and Zhang Jian is in the back.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="123" > to be put to death</h1>
Before we say Dugan, we must first briefly talk about Empress Deng.
Empress Deng
Empress Deng's origin was not simple: her grandfather was the famous Deng Yu, and her father was Deng Xun, who had meritorious service in Pingqiang. She was elected to the harem at the age of 14, and stood out in the cruel harem competition, replacing Empress Yin as Empress Deng, and then surviving han and emperor to become empress.
What did Empress Deng say? Yu Gong, her political and military affairs are still justified, especially know how to restrain the Deng family's foreign relatives. But selfishly, she was a little selfish--she herself had no sons, and first she established the Han Emperor who was less than one year old, and then established the Han An Emperor, who was relatively distant in blood. These emperors are small and far away, and the reason why they are so chosen, Empress Deng's purpose is naturally to control the imperial power! She will hold imperial power for 15 years.
Even though Emperor An of Han had grown up and become an adult, the real imperial power was always in the hands of Empress Deng.
Empress Deng did this, and the ordinary people had no opinion: Who is the emperor, and what does it have to do with the ordinary people?
But there are such a group of people who are unwilling - scholars!
In China's imperial society, scholars have always been a very peculiar existence. They are connected to the top of the Chinese social pyramid upwards, and down to the bottom of Chinese society, and many of them are also from the bottom of society, of course, the most important thing is that they have generally received a good education, and have a high sense of morality and honor. In a word, they are the real elite of society, and the good or bad direction of a dynasty is directly related to the scholars.
literati
Scholars and doctors ate the meals of the old Liu family in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and they always felt that the master of this dynasty should be surnamed Liu, not Deng. In the open and in the dark, these people began to criticize Empress Deng. Although Empress Deng was very strong, this gathering of opposition would one day break out.
At a court meeting in 107 AD, someone suddenly jumped out, and he was very direct: Empress Dowager, Emperor Han'an has grown up and can be the master of his own household, you should give up the imperial power!
The person who jumped out was none other than Dugan. He was the son of Bajun Taishou Duan, and was appointed as the royal secretary, LangZhong. Compared with Empress Deng, this Du Xiaomi is a sesame official. But it was this sesame official, who dared to risk the world's great disobedience and poke and poke at Empress Deng.
Empress Deng looked at it: Yo, who are you? Come on man, beat him to death for me—beat him to death!
As soon as the words fell, the samurai in the audience rushed up and took Dugen into a sack, and then even if it was a "rainstorm pear blossom beating", Dugan began to scream in his mouth, shouting and shouting, and did not move, and donated blood to stain the hall red.
The samurai in the audience returned: "Empress Dowager Hui, Dugan has been killed!" "Well, then throw it away and feed the wild dogs!"
Poor Dugan, who was bouncing around, was dragged out like a dead dog.
So is Dugan dead? Not really! Although this Dugan is straight, it has an advantage - the popularity is good, especially with the samurai in the palace, so the samurai look like they beat very hard during the execution, but in fact, they are measured, ostensibly beating Dugan to blood and dying, but in fact, he did not want to die!
Therefore, Dugan is not dead, but he is still alive.
However, the fatal thing came, and the grumpy Empress Deng was also worried that Dugan was not dead, and sent a person to keep an eye on Dugan's body - to prevent him from cheating on the corpse.
This Dugan was also suffering, his body was beaten to pieces, and one of his eye sockets was also cracked.
The buddies who came to keep an eye on Dugan were also sincere, and he guarded Dugan's "corpse" for three whole days!
This is a bitter mess for Dugan! It was covered in blood, especially the cracked eye sockets, and the blood flowed outward, which was particularly infiltrative. But, no matter how uncomfortable it was, Dugan understood - can't move, bear with it!
Until the third day, Dugan's cracked eye sockets even gave birth to maggots of white flowers! Only then did the stalkers let down their guard and go back to report the death of Empress Dowager Dugan.
So, is Dugan really dead? No, he's really hard! He struggled to survive again from the brink of death, and then he chose to go into hiding in the mountains and make ends meet by bringing tea and water.
Time flies, in 121 AD, the powerful Empress Deng finally died, the power of the Deng family fell apart, and Emperor An of Han finally took power.
Emperor Han
At this time, Emperor Han An remembered Dugan, the first person to write to the government- since the man was already "dead", let's reward his descendants!
Eh, hearing the news, Dugan jumped out: "Emperor, no need to chase the seal, I am not dead at all!" ”
Not only did Dugan not die, but he bounced around alive until he was seventy-eight years old.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="121" > wangmen to stop thinking zhang jian</h1>
Compared with Dugan, Zhang Jian's birthday is a little later. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, we all know that the later it goes, the more severe its infighting becomes, and the worse its internal affairs become.
What is the time difference between the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Han Huan Emperor? Because Emperor Huan of Han's throne was inseparable from that of eunuchs—he and the eunuchs staged a toilet coup and took down the general Liang Ji ( Liang Ji ) , the eunuchs who participated in the coup were all enfeoffed as marquises and generals. And the eunuchs at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, one by one, are like wolves and tigers, and they will even become the gravediggers of the Eastern Han Empire in the future.
Emperor Huan of Han
At that time, the sky of the Eastern Han Dynasty was almost covered by these eunuchs who called for wind and rain, and people could hardly see hope.
Zhang Jian, who lives in this environment, his family lineage is not bad, his ancestors are bullish Zhang Er, and his father is Zhang Cheng, who was once the Taishou of Jiangxia, and this Zhang Jian can also be regarded as a second generation official. But this second-generation official Zhang Jian was not clumsy at all, on the contrary, he was born with a donkey temper.
Zhang Jian
In the early years, he was promoted to filial piety, but after he arrived at the post, he found that his boss was dirty in nature - can such a person be my boss? In a fit of rage, Zhang Jian took sick leave — Lao Tzu did not go.
Zhang Jian's move, of course, was very popular in the dim Eastern Han political arena at that time - the popularity soared. Thus, in 165 A.D., he was invited to serve as the Governor of the East, where he would take the life of a donkey to the extreme:
Remember the eunuchs who helped Emperor Huan of Han? One of the great eunuchs, Hou Lan, whose hometown was under Zhang Jian's rule.
Hou Lan
This Hou Lan was a typical high-ranking official: Gaoxiang Marquis, Zhongchang Waiter, Changle Tai Servant, of course, the most ruthless or he was the most trusted person of Emperor Huan of Han! Hou Lan was in the center, but his relatives all used his power to bully men and women in their hometown and act recklessly. It is reported that the family of the old eunuch successively seized 118 hectares of people's fields and 381 houses, imitated the palace garden to build the sixteenth place of the palace, and also built a large tomb far beyond the regulations for Hou Lan's mother - the standard of the imperial tomb.
This kind of behavior of the Hou family fell into the hands of Zhang Jian, could it get by? Of course not! However, Zhang Jian is not stupid, he collects evidence and prepares to wait for the opportunity.
What opportunities? In 169 AD, Hou Lan's mother died, and Hou Lan had to go home to mourn. This is the opportunity that Zhang Jian has to wait for!
Taking advantage of Hou Lan's funeral, Zhang Jian compiled the evidence he collected about Hou Lan's crime into a book and sent it to The Beijing Division.
It is said that Zhang Jian's idea is good: take advantage of your funeral, sue you for the royal petition, and let you roll over the car on the spot.
The idea was good, but it was a pity that Zhang Jian underestimated Hou Lan's old jianghu: he quickly sensed the dangerous information, no longer cared about the chores of his hometown, flew back to Beijing, and intercepted Zhang Jian's exposé letter on the way!
At this point, it was Zhang Jian's turn to be passive, and since he could not overthrow Hou Lan, he simply played a big game: Zhang Jian sent someone to destroy hou Lan's mother's super-standard tomb. This is a slap in Hou Lan's face!
Not only that, Zhang Jian also collected a lot of new evidence of guilt, but unfortunately, this informative song chapter was once again - mud cattle into the sea.
Zhang Jian's lifeless move, the popularity of the rubbing up again, even to break through the ceiling! He was considered by his contemporaries to be a moral model of the times (one of the "eight harmonies", and "and" is the admirable one).
Looking at Zhang Jian's actions, Hou Eunuch's heart was broken--he vowed to destroy Zhang Jian.
How to destroy Zhang Jian? It is also simple, and there is no need for Hou Lan to do it himself - his younger brother Zhu He wrote to "expose" Zhang Jian's private association with friends and intentions.
At this point, the "evidence" against Zhang Jian was there--under Hou Lan's instigation, the Central Committee of the Eastern Han Dynasty quickly ordered Zhang Jian's arrest.
What can Zhang Jian do? Escape! At that time, it was the first disaster of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the bloody storm set off by these powerful old eunuchs was exactly the intensity that could not be repeated. For anyone, taking in a fugitive celebrity is basically the same as committing the same crime.
But this problem does not exist for Zhang Jian at all, no matter where he goes, when he reports Zhang Jian's name, the people who hear about it not only do not refuse, but are warmly received.
Later, Zhang Jian went into exile in Donglai and hid in Li Du's home. The Waihuang Commander Mao Qin, who was in charge of the search, led his troops to the Li family, and Li Du could not hide after seeing it, and he also went out, saying to Mao Qin: "Zhang Jian is well-known in the world, and he did not escape because he was guilty. Even if you see Zhang Jian now, can you bear to arrest him? Upon hearing this, Mao Qin was also greatly infected, stood up and said, "You have a kind, but my old Mao is not worse than you!" "Say it, turn around and go."
It was precisely because of Mao Qin's release of water that Li Du was able to send Zhang Jian out of the country, and Zhang Jian was able to escape the disaster of the party.
epilogue
Tan Sitong wrote in his desperate poem "Looking at the Door to Stop Thinking about Zhang Jian", which is obviously hoping that Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao can be as auspicious as Zhang Jian and avoid disasters. And "to endure death must be treated with Dugan" is to hope that the comrades who are revolutionary together will not give up hope, continue to work hard, and strive for a better tomorrow!
Author: Qian Qiuyuan
References: Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Zizhi Tongjian