Raise an army to generously support the kingdom, and will you sacrifice your life for the old king? For two hundred years, the resentment is still there, and the remnants of Zhu Shen are still rampant. ——Liu Yazi,"Three Songs of Zhang Cangshui Collection"
On March 15, the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), Li Zicheng led his men to besiege Beijing, and the Ming Dynasty faced the disaster of destruction. On the evening of the 18th, Chongzhen, the sixteenth emperor of Daming, took his personal eunuch Wang Cheng'en up the coal mountain. Not long ago, the eunuch Zhang Yin was stabbed to death by him with a sword for persuasion, and the prince, the king of Yong, and the king of Ding had already been sent away by him. Empress Yi'an Zhang, Empress Zhou, and Concubine Yuan Guifei (not dead) martyred themselves, and the two young princesses were all slashed, and he had done everything he could.
Now on the coal mountain, it is only the death of the monarch, this year Chongzhen is 33 years old. Generally speaking, when the last emperor died, it meant that the dynasty was extinct. But the Ming Dynasty was an exception, and after its death, countless people rose up to resist. Whether it was the Ming royal family or the Ming courtiers, the loyal people did their best to resist with the last effort. Those who can resist armed resistance will rebel armedly, and those who cannot will go into exile overseas, such as Zhu Shunshui, Yang Yandi, Chen Shangchuan, Yan Jiu and others.
Needless to say, the regimes and organizations established by the Han Chinese, such as the Southern Ming and the Heaven and Earth Society, even the Dprks were unwilling to obey and regarded the Manchu Qing as a dog and sheep Yidi. The act of opposing the Qing Dynasty and restoring the Ming Dynasty runs through the entire Qing Dynasty, and its tenacious spirit of resistance can be said to be the most in Chinese history. To some extent, the Ming Dynasty did not actually perish, it existed in the hearts of these resistance people. Of all those who resisted, one was believed by historians that the Ming Dynasty was only finished if he died.
Yue Fei and Yu Qian must be no strangers, and this person is also called "West Lake Three Jie" with them, he is - Zhang Huangyan. On June 9, 1620, the 48th year of the Wanli Calendar, Zhang Huangyan was born into a bureaucratic family in Yin County, Ningbo Province, Zhejiang Province, the son of a bureaucrat to a member of the Punishment Department. In his youth, Zhang Huangyan had great ambitions, was generous, and loved to discuss the art of war. When Chongzhen was nine years old, he participated in the county examination and won three targets in a row, and his results were very good.
Chongzhen was elected in the fifteenth year of the examination, and the peasant uprising led by Li Zicheng at that time had spread throughout the country. Therefore, the Ming Dynasty intended to cultivate talents who had both culture and martial arts, so Zhang Huangyan not only had to participate in the literary juju, but also took some martial arts subjects. As a result, he has a certain military ability, which will accompany him in the second half of his life against the Qing Dynasty and the restoration of the Ming Dynasty. In the second year of Shunzhi (1645), the Qing army marched south in a big way, breaking Yangzhou, Nanjing, Jiading, and Hangzhou.
Zhang Huangyan, who was in Ningbo, witnessed countless officials fleeing in a hurry, and resolutely stood up and threw pens into Rong. Together with Qian Sule, a member of the Punishment Department, he rebelled against the Qing Dynasty, supported Zhu Yihai, the king of Lu, and later followed Zhu Yihai into Zhoushan. In May of the following year, the Qing army broke through the Qiantang River, Shaoxing, Wuli, Jinhua and other cities. Emperor Mingzong's Le'an Junwang, The Prince of Chu, and the King of Jinpingjun were martyred in Jinhua, and the King of Lu was preparing to move to Zhoushan, and Zhang Huangyan rushed back to his hometown.
He went back to say goodbye to his family, because Zhang Huangyan knew that this time he would either fight back or be martyred. Since that time, the young Zhang Huangyan has already made up his mind that he will never be reckless and secretly live. Helplessly, Zhoushan was unwilling to accept them, and the general soldier of Zhoushan was Huang Binqing, who was appointed by Emperor Longwu, so he had to transfer to Changyuan, Fujian. Soon after, King Lu went to Xiamen, leaving Zhang Huangyan and Zhang Mingzhen behind. Zhang Mingzhen wanted to see if there was a turnaround in Zhoushan, and Zhang Huangyan was given the post of Right Imperial Governor by King Lu and was responsible for recruiting rebels.
In fact, at this time, they were already doomed to defeat, and the emergence of two small imperial courts on the southeast coast determined that the anti-Qing forces could not be unified and cooperated. On the contrary, there will be a situation of mutual containment and cancellation, if there is only one, then this force must be much stronger. Among them, there are also capable people, although they may not be able to counterattack back, but the resistance time will presumably be longer. Unfortunately, zhang Huangyan began his confrontation with the Qing Dynasty in this way. It is mainly divided into three parts, one is three into the Yangtze River, and the fourth year of Shunzhi (The first year of the Yong calendar, 1647) is the first time in April.
Zhang Huangyan arrived in Chongming with a warship and landed at one point, but unfortunately encountered a fierce wind. He was captured after the total annihilation of the army, and later escaped, which was also his first command of the battle. After five years of Shunzhi, he led people to restore Ningbo and then turned to Shangyu Pinggang to hold firm, and at one point joined forces with other rebels to launch an attack on the Qing army. At that time, he was a banner for the people of eastern Zhejiang to resist the Qing Dynasty, which was quite effective. In the eighth year of Shunzhi, Zhang Huangyan and Zhang Mingzhen attacked Chongming again and successfully took it.
However, the Qing army took advantage of the emptiness of Zhoushan's troops and turned to attack Zhoushan, and the two hurriedly retreated. Only in time to save King Lu, although Zheng Chenggong claimed to be a vassal of Nanming, he still took in King Lu. These two people, who firmly believed in the qing, became good friends and forged a deep friendship. Later, in the fifteenth year of Shunzhi, Yongli made Zhang Huangyan a scholar of Dongge University and a soldier Shangshu, and Zheng Chenggong was the king of Yanping County, and a general who recruited him. The two men began a magnificent historical drama in the history of the anti-Qing Dynasty, and in the previous years, Zhang Huangyan had failed several battles.
Years of defeat did not dispel his determination to resist the Qing, and the firmness of his conviction was no lower than that of Wen Tianxiang. In May of the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (13th year of the Yong calendar, 1659), Zheng Chenggong led an army of 170,000 people on land and water to Zhoushan to meet Zhang Huangyan's 6,000 men. This army entered the Yangtze River from Chongming and began to attack the Qing army, all the way to the recovery. It took the cities of Taiping, Ningguo, Chizhou, Huizhou, Wuwei, Hezhou and Gaochun, Liyang, and Lishui in Jiangpu and southern Anhui, totaling four provinces, three prefectures, and twenty-four counties.
Xianggan Luyu was shocked by this, and countless people came to join him, which was also the culmination of Zhang Huangyan's anti-Qing cause. The Qing court did not panic after the war of the previous few years, but this time it was really panicked, and it hurriedly dispatched a large army to suppress it. Shunzhi was even considering whether to march in person, but unfortunately Zheng Chenggong was defeated in Nanjing, and the excellent situation was completed. In fact, if Zheng Chenggong had been quicker at that time, he would have been able to take advantage of the fact that the Nanjing garrison was not prepared.
However, he did not understand the principle of the speed of soldiers, and as soon as Zheng Succeed was defeated, Zhang Huangyan became a lone army. Fortunately, there were people who sheltered him and hid him in his home, which saved him from death. When Zheng successfully recovered Taiwan, the Qing army moved south and the Southern Ming Dynasty was destroyed. At this time, Zheng Chenggong's mind was all in Taiwan, and by June of the third year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1664), Zhang Huangyan understood that there was no hope of regaining sight. He disbanded the rebels on Nantian's Hanging Ridge Island, then went into seclusion himself, and was soon arrested by the Qing army.
Daming's last tough guy was very calm when he walked towards the itinerary, since he could not regain his sight, what was the difference between that and death? Just sighed and said: Great country, it is a pity to be lost to fishy! In the year of his death, Zhang Huangyan was forty-five years old, and Yang Guanyu refused to surrender and died with him. Then Vance Da and others collected the body for them and buried them under the Lychee Peak in the northern foothills of Nanping Mountain in Hangzhou, fulfilling his wishes. As a result, Zhang Huangyan became a hero buried in Hangzhou with Yue Fei and Yu Qian, and was later known as the Three Jies of the West Lake.
References: History of the Ming Dynasty, Draft History of the Qing Dynasty