Portrait of Zeng Yi at the age of 70
Textu/Kang Chun-hyun
Zeng Yi (1852-1927), also known as Lang Qiu. Hakka in Chengdu, Sichuan. Qing Dynasty female famous doctor. His father, Zeng Zhangheng, was born as a jinshi, the prefect of Guanji'an, and later entered the military of Zeng Guofan. Her mother, Zuo Xijia, was a native of Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, and a famous female painter in the Qing Dynasty.
Gifted and loved by her parents, Zeng Yi taught her to read, draw, and sing poetry at the age of 5, and "swam in the books she had collected". Under the oil lamp, the parents let their daughter sit next to the case, explain the poetry book, and follow the guidance, laying the foundation for her to learn and develop a broad interest.
Family, home style, tutoring
In the first year of Tongzhi (1862), when Zeng Yi was 10 years old, Zeng Zhangheng fell ill and died in Jiujiang Junci. Zuo Xijia supported the coffin with the chicks, all the way to the difficulties, from GanQianli back to Shu, the first time back to the husband's family. After that, Zuo Xijia settled in Chengdu, with hard work, raising orphan sons and young daughters, first using knitting female red as a livelihood, living a difficult life, and then selling calligraphy and paintings to survive, and the family's wealth gradually became rich.
Zuo Xijia organized the Huanhua Poetry Society and sang peace with his children. The members of the Huanhua Poetry Society are mainly the Tsang family members. Under the guidance and advocacy of their mothers, they competed for the lead and set off a climax in the creation of family poetry.
Zeng Yi once had a "Huanhua Poetry Society Song", which described the proud yaxing of the Zeng family's association: "Huanhua Creek water He Yangyang, around the creek rare wood lush cang. The pavilion overlooks each of the low streams, and the Xiang curtain has twelve rolls of sunset. There are poets Qing and Yang, and Zhilan Jingxiu geese are in line. Mingyue is a dress for the clouds, and the witty words are fragrant. Yi Meng locked the spring grass hall, and the pen flowers were brilliant and glowing. Li Sentences compete for bi linlang, Huanxi wind and moon rich tips. Song Huang knocked into Xiao Xiang, and the waves and clouds were all articles. The ink is unforgettable, and the poetry is far away. Thousands of poems, thousands of wines, and the music of chanting. I hope that life will be happy forever, there will be no famine, and long live the grass hall with the rioters. ”
Under the teachings of his mother, Zeng Yi worked hard, read the history of the scriptures, and also ruled poetry, worked on pictures, and the art of acupuncture cooking, which was quite true to his mother. Because he accompanied his mother with his pen and ink, he was able to dabble in poetry, calligraphy and painting, and the study of gold and stone. As a result, in the year of Zeng Yi and Zhen, he was famous for the "three absolutes" of poetry and painting.
Years later, Zeng Yi couldn't help but miss the beautiful years of "the history of the dissolving of the scriptures, the compendium of the yarn kitchen", the "Dream of the Pond of Seeking Sentences, the Title of the Text" and the "Liangxie Kai Yin Society".
Immerse yourself in medicine, debate medical theory in detail, and become a generation of good doctors
When the Zeng family formed a society with poetry, it was during the Xiantong Rebellion and the plague epidemic. Zeng Yi often traveled with his mother to and from Huayang and Chengdu, and witnessed many people around him die due to poor medical treatment. She not only pities the innocence of the villagers, but also hates the mistaken diseases of quacks. Unexpectedly, under the ravages of the plague, this talented girl who was in the age of jasper was not spared, and since then, she has been "sick with five grains", during which she has experienced 4 times of "warm disease" (viral pneumonia), which has been misused by quacks to treat typhoid fever and has been endangered several times.
Because of his long illness, Zeng Yi put down his poems, slept and forgot to eat and painstakingly read the family collection of medical classics, from the first Han Dynasty and Tang Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty, all the incisive expositions and rigorous prescriptions were excerpted one by one and studied carefully. As a result, he became a good doctor after a long illness, and he actually cured himself of a serious illness. Due to the long-term bedridden illness and the special experience of "self-examination of the pillow", Zeng Yi's attention gradually devoted himself to the field of medicine, immersed himself in medicine, and debated the medical theory in detail, hoping to become a good doctor one day.
Because she witnessed the plague raging and the tragic situation of the villagers, she highly respected plagueologists such as Ye Tianshi and Wu Jutong, believing that these doctors "can all transport ancient recipes to cure the diseases of today's people." She was particularly obedient to Wu's "Debate on the Plague Articles", saying that the book was "wonderful in taking care of people's liquids and not specializing in cutting". He also said that "Yi was able to turn the crisis into safety after four times of temperance, all thanks to Si Shu's majority." Zeng Yi's experience and perception still have practical guiding significance for the treatment of new crown pneumonia in traditional Chinese medicine.
After Zeng Yi married and taught her children, she visited the medical path and collected prescriptions; she saw people, hoped to hear and understand the symptoms, and prescribed drugs to treat dialectical compatibility, accumulating many unique experiences. Zeng Yi lived in the late Qing Dynasty, when the west wind was gradually moving east, and many conservatives blindly opposed western medicine before they knew it. She can harvest a wide range of knowledge, take the essence of the hong, and use it.
She often told patients to "save labor to save brain power", "suck in fresh air to protect the lungs", and strengthen "exercise to circulate blood" and so on. Especially in the case of women, she believes that "women in the past, in the deep boudoir, can not be scattered outside, not only are they depressed and uncomfortable, that is, the air is not circulating, and the cause of many diseases is also the reason." It can be seen that his thinking is integrated into the study of East and West.
Zeng Yi's writings
Zeng Yi did not forget the original intention of learning medicine to save the world, and was determined to tell his experience to the newcomers, but he worked hard to write and publish it in the world. He is the author of "Medicine" in two volumes. The first volume consists of 4 volumes. The first volume has the theory of pulse, tongue color, temperature disease, cold, typhoid fever, etc., the second volume is the introduction of temperature disease into the middle jiao treatment, the third volume is the wen disease into the lower jiao treatment method, and the fourth volume is the typhoid fever treatment method. The second volume also has 4 volumes: the first volume is miscellaneous diseases, the second volume is gynecology, the third volume is pediatrics, and the fourth volume is surgery. The book analyzes the conditions and treatment methods of typhoid fever and plague in detail, divides them into several chapters to introduce them, and excerpts the various books of "Debate on Plague" and "Warm Longitude and Latitude" into posts, which are clear and obvious, so that people can see at a glance.
She also divided the ancient and modern prescriptions of her life experience into the authors of the spiritual tests, divided into typhoid fever, plague, miscellaneous diseases, gynecology, juveniles, surgery, etc., and attached them to the book, so that scholars can benefit from them. After the book was published, it had a great impact and was valued by doctors.
Housework, National Affairs, World Affairs
In the second year of Guangxu (1876), Zeng Yi and Yuan Xuechang married each other. After marriage, the two lived in Chengdu, and the husband and wife exchanged good calligraphy and painting gold stones, collected various monuments in Hanli, and studied and copied them day and night, and the books were refined. In his spare time, he and his girlfriend formed a group to recite poems, which was quite a masterpiece. This marriage was quite "guan Zhao fengliu" and was praised by people.
In the fifth year of Guangxu (1879), Yuan Xuechang was raised and issued Anhui as an alternate Zhi County. Zeng Yi then went to Anhui, reunited with her husband, and began a life journey. Later, he traveled with his husband and traveled all over the southeast. The husband and wife complement each other perfectly, and the poems they compose are unpretentious, all of which are revealed for the feelings of true feelings and reality, and their cynical works are praised at that time, and they are known as "Tang Yin Song Sect, Outstanding Famous Masters".
In his later years, Zeng Yi was influenced by the trend of restoration and advocated women's studies in order to save the country and strive to be strong. She believes that the rise and fall of the country is first in education, and the "Tao Rong women, who account for half of the 40,000 population, also take reading and reason as the first." He also put forward three propositions for women's education: one is "educating children, each fulfilling his obligations, so cultivating the foundation of the people", the second is "thrifty and hard work, the family gives people enough, so the basis of planning home economics", and then "medical hygiene, to ensure health and strength, so the principle of a strong race".
The purpose of Zeng Yi's book "Women's Studies" is to "love the country from the outside and the family from the inside", so she vigorously advocates the establishment of women's schools, and strongly demands that women should work with men to "strive to work together and compete together, so as to keep the responsibility of talent." ”
In the face of the country's life and death, Zeng Yi was worried but powerless, but for the decline of culture and education, she suddenly rose up the heart of helping the weak and rejuvenating the weak, so she concentrated on studying education, with the sense of responsibility of strengthening the country and protecting the seeds and the fearless courage to actively support the restoration and reform of the law, swept away the traditional arguments of women's education and tutoring, advocated that women's education should break through the barrier of "three from four virtues", and demanded that women's education should refer to the educational experience of European and American countries and be equal with men. In addition to studying science, it is also necessary to choose "those who are close to current affairs and have a smooth sense of literature and science to read it" and "to make fun of it", to transform the traditional content of women's education, and to put women's education on an equal footing with men's education.
Zeng Yi set a precedent for equal rights for men and women, emphasizing the importance of women: "Powerful countries do not monopolize men, but also women", strongly criticizing women's foot binding bad habits: "Foot binding, the great resistance to women's freedom, its harm is worse than the flood beast!" So she advocated the heavenly foot. It is pointed out that if women want equality between men and women, women should receive education: "Therefore, if we want to break the theory that men are superior to women, we must take the study of women as the first righteousness. After a woman studies, "the ability between men and women is equal, and there is no distinction between strength and weakness." It is even believed that women may surpass men in learning: "In the case of a woman's heart, whose preoccupation is pure and pure, and which is superior to that of a man, if he can teach the Fa, he should be greatly better than a man... Therefore, men can learn, and women cannot learn. With this, Zeng Yi is fully qualified to occupy an important place in the history of modern Chinese thought and the history of Women's Liberation in China.
For the dream of a strong country, Zeng Yi started from the details, such as vigorously advocating the cultivation of health habits, advocating eugenics, suggesting that when choosing a spouse, attention should be paid to their family genetic diseases; advocating breastfeeding, attaching importance to early childhood education, and putting forward the concept of "family economics" in advance, advocating "social welfare actions".
Zeng Yi said to himself in the preface to his "ZhongfengLu": "Xi Zao yong is in the "National Wind", and the soup is tuned to the bride. The ancient sages and ladies are all adept at the giver. "In order to improve the quality of her business so that both brides and novices who have not yet entered the culinary court, she will write a book of various methods for food production. Its purpose, "is to enable scholars to rely on each other, to turn to pride, and to practice the position of middle feeder." ”
Zeng Yi is undoubtedly a woman who can go up to the hall and the kitchen, and hopes that all women can have a perfect shape of personality through learning.
Zeng Yi's calligraphy works
Writings and others, Yi Fan's descendants
Zeng Yi's complete collection of works, "Ancient Huan Room Collection", is now in the Harvard Yenching Library of Harvard University in the United States, including 4 volumes of "Poetry Collection", 2 volumes of "Medicine" with a total of 8 volumes, "Women's Studies" 1 volume and 9 chapters with 1 volume of "Zhongfenglu" 1 volume.
Predecessors praised Zeng Yi for his versatility: "The ability to govern the family is virtuous, and he has a special book on home economics, tailoring, and cooking, and he also understands medical science." The rest is poetry. Today's people praise Zeng Yi's outstanding calligraphy and paintings: "The paintings he has painted are mainly landscapes, flowers, and feathers, with bright colors and fresh weather. Good at writing, elegant and handsome, from the "Huashan Temple Stele". He also praised Zeng Yi's superb medical skills: "Throughout the feudal era, there were women who were proficient in poetry, but those who were proficient in medicine were rare. How many people can be as proficient as Zeng Yizhi is in medical records and has experience in witnessing it? ”
In 1933, the Suzhou Institute of Chinese Medical Research re-typeseted and published Zeng Yi's "Eight Kinds of Medical Encyclopedias of Ms. Zeng" (that is, the eight volumes of "Medical Chapters"), which was renamed "Six Kinds of Medical Encyclopedias of Ms. Zeng", calling it "one of the masterpieces of modern medicine". In the "Chinese Medicine Figures" column, the magazine simply set the title as "The Most Famous Female Chinese Medicine Doctor in Ancient China - Zeng Yi".
Zeng Yi had children after marriage, and all of his children became talented. The eldest son, Yuan Lizhun (袁利準), also known as Juesheng (字珏生), was a Zhongzhou (Zhongzhou) scholar in the 24th year of Guangxu, entered the Hanlin Academy, and later served as the supervisor of the Beijing Normal University (the predecessor of Peking University), founded the Industrial School (the predecessor of the Peking University School of Engineering), during which he served as a examiner for the examination, and served as a professor at fu jen university in the early republic of China. Good at poetry and calligraphy, walking in Kaizong Rice, vigorous and unrestrained, dashing and free. Seal study Li Bingyang, Wen Jing Qu Ya, painting Ma Yuan is also highly refined. The 3-character plaque of "XinhuaMen" at the main entrance of the seat of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council is handwritten. He is the author of "Poetry Collection of Fear of High Cold", "Ink Record of Zhongzhou" and so on. The second son, Yuan Liheng, was a banker and one of the founders of the Bank of Communications in the early years of the Republic of China.
After 1907, Zeng Yi entered Beijing with her husband, and in his later years he still treated people for illness, and he entertained himself with poetry and painting. In the winter of 1927, Zeng Yi died in Beijing at the age of 75 and was buried in Daliushu Village, Xizhimen.
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