The state institutions of the Xia Dynasty were the first state institutions of slavery in Chinese history, and they were also the initial stages of the establishment of slave state institutions. This set of institutions is fundamentally different from the management organizations of primitive clan societies. The state apparatus of the Xia Dynasty was specially established for the service of the rule, and was no longer a primitive spontaneous clan affairs management organization. Its central organs are set up as follows: "Six Secretaries" institutions that integrate decision-making and management. At the beginning of the establishment of the Xia Dynasty, Xia Qi imitated the practice of Shunshi, mainly 6 officials in charge of various aspects of government affairs, and then allocated a number of subordinates, forming 6 simple administrative affairs management institutions, referred to as the "Six Secretaries" organization. The "Six Secretaries" of the Xia Dynasty were in charge of both political affairs and military affairs, with many functions and great power. Shang Shu Gan Oath Yun: "(Qi) Nine battles in Gan, is to summon the six secretaries." This is the embodiment of the military functions of the "Six Secretaries" organization. However, limited to historical data, the name and specific position of each "secretary" of the "Six Secretaries" of the Xia Dynasty have yet to be examined. Special "three positive" institutions. "Sanzheng" was the central administrative affairs management agency of the Xia Dynasty. The first is the "Pastoral Rectification" organization, which is in charge of agriculture and animal husbandry throughout the country. Shi Zai Shaokang once served as the chief official of "Muzheng"; the second was the "Chezheng" organization, which was in charge of the vehicle manufacturing industry in the country. The "Left Biography" "Ding AD Year" records: "Xue Zhi's ancestor Xue thought that Xia Chezheng was"; the third was the "Kuzheng" organization, which managed the logistics supply of the royal family. According to historical records, in addition to the "Six Secretaries" and "Three Zheng" institutions, there were other institutions in the Central Committee of the Xia Dynasty. For example, in the "Shang Shu Lizheng" Yun: The Xia Dynasty had "house is a matter, house is pastoral, house is quasi". According to research, the "affairs" here should be the religious and military affairs organs of the central Xia Dynasty; the "pastoral" should be the civil affairs management organs of the Xia Dynasty; and the "quasi" should be the judicial affairs management organs of the Xia Dynasty. In addition, the Xia Dynasty also had a military command organization, the ZhongjunFu, and an institution that served the life of the Xia King, the Yuzheng, and so on.
The most prominent point in the establishment of state institutions in the Xia Dynasty was the emphasis on the establishment of religious and military institutions. As the first slave state to be established on the basis of the original clan system, it still has obvious traces of the clan era in the establishment of state institutions. The main ideological characteristic of the clan system established in the primitive society was the simple superstition and blind worship of all things in heaven and earth, coupled with the fact that people's ability to understand nature at that time was very low, and a primitive religion was formed. It should be said that primitive religions played an important role in maintaining unity within clans and guiding the production and life of the ancestors. When people had just entered the threshold of class society, this primitive religious consciousness and simple beliefs were still not weakened, and even became more and more intense with the emergence of royal power. As a result, the status of the governing body of religious affairs in the Xia Dynasty was lofty and important. At the same time, along with the development of the productive forces, classes arise. The increasing frequency of wars and interactions between tribes led to the emergence of military affairs institutions, an important part of the state apparatus, and occupied an important place in the initial state institutions. That is to say, the central organ of the slave dynasty of the Xia Dynasty inherited to a certain extent the functions of clan tribes and tribal alliance management organizations at the end of the primitive society, and combined with the needs of the rule at that time, the two major institutional systems of military affairs management institutions for handling foreign affairs and religious affairs management institutions for handling internal affairs were set up in the nascent state institutions, that is, the ancients said that "the major affairs of the country are in the worship and rong". In summary, the economic base determines the superstructure, the development and progress of the productive forces have promoted the emergence of state institutions, and the increasingly perfect state institutions have played a positive role in promoting social development and maintaining social order. The establishment of the state institutions of slavery in the Xia Dynasty was of pioneering significance, and it had a significant impact on the institutional setup of later generations, and many of the state institutions of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties were used or transformed by the institutions of the Xia Dynasty. The state apparatus of the Xia Dynasty pioneered the establishment of a state apparatus for slavery.