<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" > introduction to the business</h1>
Shangrui (商辂), courtesy name Hongzai (弘載), was a native of Chun'an County, Yanzhou Prefecture, Zhejiang (present-day Chun'an County, Hangzhou), and a famous courtier in the middle of the Ming Dynasty. He successively served as a minister of the three dynasties of Emperor Yingzong, Emperor Daizong, and Emperor Xianzong, and an official to the official Shangshu and The Scholar of Wenyuange University. He took the zhejiang township examination first (Xie Yuan), the first ceremonial examination (Hui Yuan), and the first temple examination (Yuanyuan) "Lianzhong Sanyuan", not only outstanding in learning, but also thought that the officials were clean and honest, and they were honest and outspoken in the "History of Ming".
ShangRui was a man of integrity, generosity, and determination, and was known as "I am a sage of the dynasty, the first of the Shang Gong", and was one of the outstanding representatives of the upright cabinet during the Chenghua period. The History of Ming commented: "There is Ming Xian Zaifu, from the three Yangs, before peng, Shang, and later called Liu and Xie. ”
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="46" > loyal to defend the country</h1>
During the reign of Emperor Yingzong of Ming, the "Tumu Fort Incident" occurred that shocked the whole country, when Emperor Yingzong misheard the words of the eunuch Wang Zhen and fell into the Tumu Fort area, and the Mongol army drove straight in and fought all the way to the city of Beijing. When the news of defeat came, the imperial court was in chaos, and some ministers suggested moving the capital to the south, at this time, Shangrui had just entered the cabinet to participate in the decision-making of the imperial court's major affairs, he resolutely supported the main warrior Shilang Yu Qian, and worked with him to make the king of the jianguo set a determination to stick to the beijing division and resist the invasion, and the two shangshu said: "The capital division is the foundation of the world, if there is a move, the matter of Song Nandu can be learned." One step must not be left behind! "King Gao ascended the throne as Emperor Daizong, and ShangRui assisted Yu Qian in leading the army and people to resist the invasion of the Mongol army, and won the victory in the defense of Beijing, turning the country into a safe place.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="47" > advise monarchs</h1>
After Emperor Mingxianzong ascended the throne, he was deeply impressed by the upright and just Shangrui, and summoned him to the capital to reinstate him, and Shangrui resigned, and Xianzong said: "The former emperor knows that you have been wronged, so you should not resign." According to the floods that occurred in many regions at that time, Shangrui then proposed eight things that should first be done to eliminate the disasters by cultivating virtue, namely, "Cultivating Virtue and Eliminating Disasters": learning from the way of the sages; allowing the ministers to speak out and advise; rectifying unjust, false and wrongly decided cases; stopping construction projects that were not urgently needed; reducing the surplus of officials; setting up righteous warehouses; honoring the names of the ancestors; and extensively formulating scholarly laws. Emperor Xianzong approved and adopted it, and many of those who had been deposed for their speeches were reinstated to their official positions, so that the loyalists could be saved. Later, ShangRui was promoted to the post of Shangshu of the Bureaucracy and a scholar of Wenyuange University. He went to the Government Affairs And Dealt with in detail the ways and duties of kings that must be had as a king. Speaking of the ancient sage Ming Jundu cultivating his body and righteousness, respecting morality, and setting an example for the people, he particularly emphasized that the king should "accept the advice", "I hope that from now on, all those who meet the advice, begging for the good and tolerant words, can be used to carry out, if it is not available, there is no sin."
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="48" > Lichu's dedication</h1>
In the eighth year of Chenghua (1472), Emperor Mingxianzong's crown prince Zhu Youji (Prince Gong of Mourning) died, and the emperor was worried about the matter of his heir. Concubine Ji was born with a prince, six years old, and people around her were afraid of Wan Guifei, and no one dared to speak. It was much later before it was reported to the Emperor. The emperor was very happy and wanted to announce to the people of the imperial court that he had sent a lieutenant to the cabinet to tell him of his intentions. ShangRui asked the Ministry of Imperial Rites to prepare the name of the emperor, so the court ministers congratulated each other, and the emperor ordered the prince to go out of the palace to meet with the imperial court ministers. A few days later, the emperor came to the Mandarin Palace again, and the crown prince served and summoned the merchants and cabinet ministers. Shang Ren prostrated his head and said, "Your Majesty has been on the throne for ten years, and he has not been made a prince, and the world has been looking forward to it for a long time." He should be made crown prince immediately to calm the hearts and minds of the people inside and outside the imperial court. The emperor nodded in agreement. In the winter of that year, he made the crown prince.
Originally, the emperor summoned the crown prince to stay in the palace, while Concubine Ji still lived in Sinai. The merchant was afraid of other calamities, and it was difficult to say clearly, and he said with his colleagues: "The prince is clever and clever, and it is related to the establishment of the prince." Entrusted with the protection of the noble concubine, she favored the prince more than her own son. However, people outside the imperial court talked about the crown prince's mother living separately due to illness and could not see each other for a long time. The country is very fortunate to have to move to a nearby place so that mother and son can live together day and night, and the prince is raised by the noble concubines. So Concubine Ji moved to Yongshou Palace. After a month, Concubine Ji became seriously ill, and Shang Ren said, "If there is any misfortune, the funeral should be heavy." He also asked the superintendent of ceremonies to serve the crown prince, visit the palace where Concubine Ji lived, and make funeral clothes for the purpose of preparing luggage, and the emperor thought it was right.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="49" > for the people</h1>
The internal officials of Empress Zhou's family who managed the farms competed with the people for land and encroached on the private estate, and the people quarreled with the internal officials. The empress dowager was furious, and Emperor Xianzong wanted to move the people to Saiwai, "those who want to move to the side of the Su people, counting more than eighty families." Shang Ren played, "The Son of Heaven takes the world as his home, so why should Zhuang do it?" "Only the internal officials have invaded the people's land, and no ordinary people have dared to occupy the official land", speaking for the people, so that the people can be peaceful and free from the border court. Emperor Xianzong wanted to build an attic on the north side of the palace, and ordered the eunuchs to handle it, and Shangrui and others advised them to cancel the matter; the Ministry of Works asked for wood to build the Qianqing Gate, and Shangrui tried to dissuade it from slowing down. At that time, there were displaced people from kaifeng and Fengyang provinces who migrated to Jining and Linqing, and merchants recruited and reclaimed the eight provinces of Qinei to give grain seeds so that the people could have something to feed.
One of the great achievements of ShangRui during his tenure was to urge the abolition of the secret service organization "West Factory" and eliminate harm for the people. The eunuch Wang Zhi was in charge of the West Factory, acting arbitrarily, arbitrarily arresting and killing people beyond the Punishment Department and the Metropolitan Inspection Bureau, creating unjust prisons, and the Manchu Dynasty civil and military officials and the people of the capital hated it with all their teeth. Shang Ren asked for the people's orders, and resolutely went to the famous "Please Ge Xi Factory Evacuation", saying that Wang Zhi and Xi Factory were a major harm to the country, advocating their removal, Ming Xianzong looked at it angrily and said: "How can it endanger the world by using a single internal minister?" Shang Ren said solemnly, "Your Majesty listens to Wang Zhi, and he installs his eyes and ears among the courtiers, such as Wei Ying, Wang Ying, and others, and Wang Zhi regards such villains as his eyes and ears." They falsely preach holy wills or claim to be secret wills, kill innocents indiscriminately, do prestige and blessings, abuse goodness, and sometimes take more than a dozen people a day. The harmed scholars are uneasy about their duties, the merchants are uneasy about the city, the travel is uneasy about the way, the soldiers are uneasy about the army, and the common people are uneasy about their work. If this generation is not deposed, how can there be no danger in the world? At this time, the ministers Wan An, Liu Yi, and Liu Ji also stood up to impeach Wang Zhi, and ShangRui thanked them and said, "All the princes have done this for the country, so what do I have to worry about?" Under the strong advice of Shang Ren and others, Emperor Xianzong ordered the removal of Wang Zhi and the abolition of the West Factory on the same day. The government and the opposition were purged, the people's hearts were happy, and Shang's "Please Ge Xi Factory Shu" has also become an immortal work passed down through the generations.
Although the number of articles of ShangRui is small, each one of them is cherished. He distinguishes between right and wrong, loves loyal subjects, does not tend to be inflammatory, and does everything he does that is beneficial to the country and the people. He is a generous man, willing to cultivate virtue and benevolence, people say that working with him is like a spring breeze, moisturizing things silently, making people happy and convincing, "renren, plain and simple, generous and tolerant, when it comes to major events, deciding on big discussions, resolutely can not win" ("History of Ming"), the folk also have the praise of "I am a sage, the shanggong first". Shang Rui wrote in the poem "YongMei": "The jade bone ice muscle is not stained with dust, and the depths of the snow and frost are multiplied by the spirit." Mo Yan has no business in his old age, and the branches of the north and south are always spring", which is exactly the portrayal of his lifelong adherence to discipline and the truth, and also the portrayal of the high quality of the benevolent people of all generations.