Text: Tachiaki Idle Man (Shigeba Shinichi Original Team Member)
The first emperor did not start a business and the middle road collapsed, today the next three points, Yizhou is tired, this sincere autumn of danger and survival. This is the opening sentence of the "Table of Renshi", the opening sentence of the "Table of Renshi", which was written to Liu Chan in the fifth year of Jianxing (227), when Zhuge Liang decided to personally lead the Shu army north to cut down Wei and restore the Central Plains.
Zhuge Liang's first sentence in the "Table of Renunciation" is straightforward after Liu Bei's death (he died of illness on April 24, 223), and Shu Han fell into a crisis in crisis - the moment of survival. However, after less than two years, Shu Han was able to gain the strength to rebel in the Southern Expedition (march 225 to autumn of the same year), and after more than two years, Shu Han accumulated the national strength of the Northern Expedition to Cao Wei (Spring 228). In less than five years, Zhuge Liang governed the entire country in an orderly manner, not only freeing shu Han from the crisis of subjugation, but also restoring the national strength of the Northern Expedition to the Central Plains.
The reason why Shu Han was able to recover its vitality in such a short period of time was naturally inseparable from Zhuge Liang's political ideas for developing agricultural production, such as "farming and farming in the valley," "closing the door to the people," "only persuading agriculture," "reducing the burden of thin endowments," and "the capital for breaking the enemy." and other optimization of the political strategy of selecting and employing people.
The details are as follows.
First, talent protection.
In ancient and modern China and abroad, governing the country, the army, and the people, no matter what cause they do, talent is the guarantee of success. "Zhuge Liang's Collected Works, Sixteen Cheap Strategies and Measures": The way to govern the country lies in raising the sages. ...... The kingdom of the homeland has auxiliaries, such as the pillars of the house; the columns must not be thin, and the auxiliaries must not be weak; the columns are harmful, and the auxiliary is weak. Zhuge Liang's concept of talent is to attach importance to talent and select and select talent. In Zhuge Liang's concept of talent, talent is the foundation of governing the country. The relationship between governance and talent is like the relationship between houses and pillars. Once there is a shortage of talent, the country is difficult to maintain.
Second, talent standards.
Different periods of time, the standard of talent is also different. In feudal society, "loyalty" and "filial piety" have always been regarded as the most important of "virtue". For this reason, loyalty is the primary "virtue" for the state or regime. In the Book of The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms and the Book of Shu, Zhuge Liang used the word "loyalty" to praise or impeach Shu ministers abounded, such as "Tuo Zhi Zhongya" (Jiang Huan), "loyal to the country" (Dong He), "loyal and pure nature" (Chen Zhen), "Zhongqing Qianliang" (Yang Hong), "loyal and strict" (Wang Ping), "loyal and diligent current affairs" (Jiang Wei), "not thinking of loyalty" (Li Yan), "heart of no loyalty and filial piety" (Liao Li), and so on; in the "Table of Teachers", "Zhi Zhi Zhong" was used to praise Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, Dong Yun, and others. Zhuge Liang's talent standard is to have both ability and political integrity, with morality as the mainstay.
Third, the employment policy.
No one is perfect, and gold is not perfect. The use of talents, the use of people's strengths, without blaming them all. "Zhuge Liang Anthology • General Garden • General Instrument": The instrument of the general, its use size is different. "Zhuge Liang's Collected Writings • On the Sons": Shang Martingale is good at reason and law, and cannot be taught, Su Zhang is good at Chi Ci, and cannot make an alliance oath. ...... This is also the chief seeker. Zhuge Liang's policy of employing people is to appoint people on the basis of merit and to serve only according to their own measures.
Fourth, employment policy.
The small is hidden in the mountains, and the big is hidden in the city. The amount of talent, the measurement of people's ability, without seeking their relationship. "Zhuge Liang's Collected Works • Cheap Sixteen Strategies • Measures": Naoki is out of the forest, and Naoshi is out of the crowd. In the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Shu XI • Huo Wang's Biography to Zhang Yangfei", It is recorded that (Zhuge Liang) often said: "The public reward is not far away, the punishment is not near, the knight cannot be taken without merit, the punishment cannot be exempted from the noble power, and the reason why this sage and fool have forgotten his body are also." From Zhuge Liang's writings and Zhang Yi's speech, it can be seen that Zhuge Liang's employment policy is to obtain talents and talents, and there is no limit to the selection of people. It is precisely because of Zhuge Liang's superb art of selecting and employing people that the weak Shu, who only has one state, in the contest with Qiang Wei and Zhongwu, did not affect the operation of the Shu state due to the lack of talents in Yizhou.
Zhuge Liang's concept of talent, especially the employment policy of promoting new people in accordance with the principle of no merit and no knighthood, is precisely the product of the development and refinement of Shang Martin's "saints conferring knighthoods with merit, so the sages are not worried", and combined with the national conditions of the Shu state.
Author's note: Nashi recruitment refers to recruiting sages and accepting students, that is, recruiting talents. Zhuge Liang, as the main figure in the governance of Shu Han, in the process of governing Shu Han, if the employment of people is good, Shu Han is prosperous, and if people are wrong, Shu Han will decline. The formation of Zhuge Liang's concept of talent has a great relationship with his school, knowledge, and the actual shu and Han dynasties. As the saying goes: if people can do their best, they will be happy.