Text/Liu Ying
There is a funny saying in ancient times: "Xiu cai learns medicine, catches chickens in cages". The gist is that Xiucai, who has no chance of making a career, can study medicine in order to make a living, and will soon be able to get started and become a doctor. Just like the ancient language: prophetic Confucianism, Fangzhi medical science. It is not unreasonable to enter the medical treatment by Confucianism. Lingnan's recent good doctors, who have achieved great success, were all influenced by Confucianism in their early years, such as Xian Weng GeHong, who was both a Confucian doctor. Nanhai, a metropolis in Lingnan in ancient times, what many people don't know is that there is a Confucian doctor known as the "Pearl of the South China Sea". This Confucian doctor is He Mengyao, who combines Confucians, officials, and healers.
Teenagers are multi-talented and bypass hundreds of families
He Mengyao (1693-1764), zi baozhi, number Xichi, in his later years called himself Yannong. During the Yongzheng period, together with Lao Xiaoyi (the compiler of the Cantonese Ride), Luo Tianzhi (the practitioner of the Great Qing Dynasty), and the calligrapher Su Er, he worshiped under Huishiqi's door, and for a time he was known as the "Four Juns of Huimen". Huigong greatly appreciated He Shi, and during his tenure as inspector of Guangdong, it coincided with the fact that He Shi was also among the excellent examinations, and he was specially exempted from examination on the spot, saying that "He Sheng's literary and literary deeds are excellent, and I know what I know", and praised him as "the pearl of the South China Sea".
He Mengyao was ten years old and could write, thirteen good poems, widely involved, easy to learn, almanac, music, literature, history and so on have a high degree of achievement. At that time, he was famous for his poetry, and he had formed the "Nanxiang Poetry Society" with Luo Tianzhi and Su Er, and the poems composed by He Shi were quite famous at that time, and Luo Shi once wrote a preface to his poetry collection "Wufangyuan Poetry Notes", saying that it was "refined without hurting qi, qing cannot enter into the qi, and the changes in China and Tibet are indispensable to their bodies".
In his spare time, he often discussed learning with his friends, and discussed the past and the present, "the pole on the Western calendar, the flat arc, the triangle, the eight lines and other methods, as well as the principle of filling in words and degrees", "the candle repeatedly refused to rest", and he had a unique view of Chinese and Western culture. What's more, he wrote books and sayings, such as studying the eight-tone harmony law, compiling the "Genghe Record", matching the five tones of the palace, shang, horn, sign, and feather with the sounds of gong, fan, six, b, and superior gong scales, and the choice was particularly exquisite. The Guangzhou general Fu Zengge praised: "He Jun is young and tired of working on the piano, old and studious, and comparable to non-empty people." The book is concise and clear, which is enough to guide the future study. ”
He Mengyao was also quite accomplished in literary history, and once revised the "Chronicle of Cen Xi County" and presided over the compilation of the "Chronicle of Zhaoqing Province". In mathematics, he also wrote "SuanDi", "Trigonometry", "Ratio Several Solutions" and so on. Yi Xue's research focuses on the book "Imperial Pole Classics and Easy Knowledge". The Qing classicist Jiang Fan once said: "In recent times, this scholar knows the Law, but does not know the reason why the Law is so; the one who knows, Meng Yaoye." ”
Prison breaks like a god, two sleeves of fresh wind
Asahina Tianshe lang, Twilight Tianzi Hall. At the age of thirty-eight, He Mengyao was admitted to the zhongjinshi and began to enter the career path, successively serving as the commander of Yining, Yangshuo, Cen Xi, and Si'en County in Guangxi, and was famous for his political achievements and rose to Liaoyang Zhizhou. He eliminated maladies and treated prisons in the localities, and his reputation among the common people at that time was extremely high.
However, the bumper harvest of political achievements did not bring about a rich life, "the old houses are raftered, only sheltered from wind and rain, the piano bag is wrapped in medicine, and there is no long thing outside", which is a portrayal of He Mengyao's life in his later years, and it is indeed visible that the two sleeves are fresh. This is probably also related to his lack of attention to worldly affairs, before entering the army, he "did not know that there were poor things in the world", regarded money as an external object, and after entering the army, he was more diligent in political affairs and thus the countryside was desolate, relying only on five hundred Dan Lu for his livelihood. Because of this, he was honest and honest, so he often did not have a name for money, and it was not surprising that when he went to Zhizhou in Liaoning Province, he was "poor and could not have a boat and a car".
Once, when his friend Xin Changwu went to visit He Mengyao, he saw a child running and playing in the yard, which was very cute, but he was wearing a torn suit and stepping on wooden shoes, and he went forward to inquire, and it was the grandson of a friend, Ah Huang! He Mengyao has been an official for twenty years, but his life is like that of a poor people. However, he did not think so, practicing medicine to help the world, playing the piano and singing the business, medicine and poetry accompanied, that is, comfortable.
Xi Yan Qi Huang, countless living people
During the Qianlong period, He Mengyao served as the governor of Liaoyang, and there was a Liaoyangmin Wang Hong, who suffered from mental illness for more than a year, and when he went crazy, he suddenly threw himself into the burning firewood, his whole body was burned and rotten, and his body was completely skinless, and He Shi prescribed medicine to him for treatment, and the dressing healed in a few days. Because Wang Hong was insane, He Shi ordered his people to tie him to a pillar in the courtyard, Wang Hong scolded and sang, and He Shi first threatened and frightened him with a criminal order to make him quiet. Then the two of them were summoned to hold Wang Hong's ears and pour soup medicine at the same time, and after a while, Wang Hong vomited and diarrhea, and his illness was cured.
Since then, He Mengyao has been worshipped as a divine doctor by the people, and in addition to ordinary political affairs, he has walked the streets and alleys down to the people to treat diseases for the people, "the wind benefits the smoke and the river, the frost wheel moraine", and does not sit in the hall to practice medicine like the doctors in the medical hall, and countless patients are treated by his hands. When he was the commander of Sien County, Guangxi, he encountered a local plague, and when he took the opportunity to prescribe medicine to treat the sick, most of the people who took the medicine were cured, and the effect was very remarkable, and the Guangxi authorities sent his prescription to various states and counties, saving countless people.
Immerse yourself in medicine, Tao Li Lingnan
I don't believe that it is only fifty in this dynasty, and it is still forty-nine heads. The originator of the poem is called Caizi, and the doctor laughs at the title of doctor. Old and incompetent, when can it be lost? Twenty years of wine did not last long, and the early retirement of the official was intended to be White Su.
The struggle for power in the official arena for twenty years has made He Mengyao deeply tired, and it is the poem "Fifty" that expresses his bitterness and dissatisfaction in his career. The ancients followed Fan Wenzheng's aspiration of "good doctor and good appearance" to practice medicine, and did not save the country for good health, so they became good doctors to save the people. The same is true of He Mengyao. He believed that "rich and wealthy, glory and wilting", it is better to practice medical writings and be immortalized. Therefore, at the age of 58, he abandoned his official position and returned to China and devoted himself to academics. He is enthusiastic about medical education and has served as the president of Guangzhou Yuexiu College, Yuehua College, and Zhaoqing Duanxi College. Since the Southern Song Dynasty, lingnan regional academies have begun to be established for people to teach, read, and collect books. In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the number of official private colleges in Guangzhou increased dramatically, forming a rare group of colleges in the country around the flowing wells and the big and small horse stations.
He Mengyao has successively taught at Yuexiu, Yuehua and Duanxi Academies, with many protégés. Those who inherited his medical skills included Chen Guodong, the famous doctor of Xinhui, Yu Nan Pang Yusheng, Zhong Shijiong, Panyu Pan Zhanshen, and Zhongshan Huang Peifang. His son He Zhijiao and great-grandson He Qingchen (何清臣), also known as He Zhiji, were also hanging in the jishi dynasty; the He family, which was passed down to nine generations, is still practiced by people today.
He is the author of the book "Medical Pillar", which is famous in the medical field
He Mengyao especially promoted the "Chongming Dynasty physician Wang Kentang and his academic thoughts", he regarded Wang's "Criterion of Evidence and Governance" as the crown of the medical books at that time, but the book was too difficult and obscure for beginners, so he wrote "Medical Evidence" to wing it. 碥, the stepping stone that originally meant getting on and off the bus, was extended to a stone step, implying that beginners to study this book, such as stepping on a stone to enter the door of medicine. His friend Xin Changwu commented that "Medical Qiao" is "about the text and meaningful, in-depth and simple", the book is easy to understand to explain the academic essence of the "Criterion of Evidence and Governance", which is not an easy task, which shows that He Mengyao's knowledge of governance is thorough and thorough, and the foundation of clinical practice is profound. This is also the true value of "Medical Order".
The Lingnan area is humid and hot, there are many diseases, and the fiery heat is a more frequent disease, and the Guangdong folk often have the saying of "hot gas" and "fire". At that time, the Wen supplement school was prevalent, and He Mengyao lived in Lingnan for a long time, believing that the medicine of warm and dry should not be abused, and should be consulted and prescribed according to the climate and human lesion characteristics of the Lingnan region, and he attached great importance to the treatment of fiery evidence. In the "Medical Order", there is a complete discussion of "fire" and "fever", he believes that "all diseases are mostly fire", "heat is born of fire, fire is based on qi", from classification to pathogenesis, from typing to the use of medicine, systematically and comprehensively expounded more than ten kinds of fire evidence, such as gas is fire, insufficient gas into fire, closed table gas into heat into fire, etc. Later, it discusses the therapeutic drugs of fire evidence, such as cangshu for wet fire, poria, pig lily, wood tong, plaster for gastric fire, rhubarb, chai hu, cohosh, kudzu root for hot knots in the house, skullcap and mulberry bark for lung fire, raw land and wheat dong for dry fire, ginger peel, bamboo leaf, wheat dong, child stool, raw licorice, ginseng, astragalus and so on for false fire. All this fiery theory and understanding, in-depth and simple, easy to understand, and in line with clinical practice, is a treasure raft for medical beginners.
Fiery heat is also a major symptom of the plague. Plague, now known as infectious disease, is also the ancients talk about the color of the disease, one person gets sick, infects a family, the light one ten life eight nine, the heavy ten survival one two, a dynasty outbreak, often make the people do not talk about life. Due to the seasonal climate change in Lingnan, the epidemic situation is more frequent. He Mengyao discussed his understanding of the plague in the "Medical Records", arguing that "the plague is not typhoid fever and ... Typhoid fever feels the admiration of the weather, and this sense of the strength of heaven and earth is also evil from the mouth and nose into the inside. He also had a lot of experience in the treatment of the plague, pointing out that the focus of the treatment was on "town-by-town evil qi" and "we should not think of typhoid fever as evidence, but sweat, evil is not in the scriptures, and the sweat is wounded." And do not go down, evil is not in it, and it is useless to go down. Yida original drink loose", and then from the dialectics, treatment, medication detailed analysis, most of which is extensive practice and verified experience, has high clinical value. Zhao Linlin once said in the preface to the "Medical Pillar": "In Si Enye, the plague epidemic, Xichi Guang administered prescription medicines, and drinkers rose up. Under the system of government, it is located in the county, and there are many survivors. It can be seen that He Mengyao has diagnosed and treated many cases of plague and has a good curative effect.
Excluding the theory of the treatment of internal medicine and other evidences, "Medical Acupuncture" first discusses the internal organs in the book, and describes the anatomical position of the organs in a concise stroke, such as "the larynx is in front of the pharynx, its system is firm and empty, connecting the lungs, and it is the road of breath"; "The pharynx is behind the larynx, the pharynx is soft and empty, and the stomach is connected to the stomach, which is the way of eating"; "There is a heart envelope outside the heart, that is, there is also a stomach"; "There is a gallbladder in the liver lobe, and there is juice in the bile", etc., which can be said so clearly and roughly not bad hundreds of years ago, it is not easy. Even more, although the "Five Elements with Five Elements Gossip Theory" is contrary to the "Five Elements with Five Elements Theory" used in previous generations, the exposition is extremely incisive and is actually thought-provoking.
Although the main content of "Medical Diao" is mostly compiled from Wang Kentang's "Criterion of Evidence and Treatment", it is mixed with He's personal unique insights and medical experience, and it is easy to read and understand, which really lives up to the meaning of the medical ladder of his name "Medical Diao", which is quite important to the medical community at that time. Lu Yixiang, a famous physician in Jiangnan, once visited the Suhang Bookstore to ask for this book, but did not buy it, and finally borrowed it from Yan Jian and copied it from three places. After reading it, he commented: "The book is sometimes creative, quite helpful in medicine. ”
Guangdong Eastern Medical Circle, the first national hand
Lingnan has a long-term hot and humid climate with frequent diseases, and is known as the hometown of miasma. Due to his long-term residence in Liangguang, He Shi has a lot of experience in the treatment of various warm fever diseases in Lingnan, and has studied the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, internal medicine, typhoid fever, gynecology, pediatrics, Materia Medica, acupuncture and other disciplines, which can be described as the culmination of Lingnan medicine. In 1918, the Liangguang Library collected He's medical works as the "Complete Book of Medical Prescriptions", with a preface: "He Gong Paozhi is the first national hand in the medical field in eastern Guangdong. The medical books he wrote, according to the situation in the south, the physique of the southerners, the adjustment is different from the north, and the cube is also different from the north belt, so the people of the southern belt use their methods, all of which are hundreds of hairs, and all the agents are effective like gods. "It can be seen that He Mengyao's great medical achievements and his influence in the Lingnan medical community.
"Famous doctors must be full of learning, and there is no thrifty famous doctor", He Mengyao is proficient in Confucianism, confucianism is generally medical, and he has written a book to say, "The Biography of Cantonese people in the Qing Dynasty" has a saying: "In the two hundred years of the National Dynasty, the Cantonese people have written rich books, Bo Jiqun books, proficient in art, and there is no one who has surpassed Mengyao." He Mengyao wrote a lot in his lifetime, and many of the contents of medical works have high reference significance for later generations of doctors, and some Japanese doctors have also widely quoted He Mengyao's views in their works.
He Mengyao's book "Medical Dian" was included in the second batch of key tCM classics by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China, and was published by Deng Tietao and other point schools in 1995. In 1980, in order to commemorate this outstanding Lingnan medical scientist, the Zhenhai Building of the Guangzhou Museum exhibited a portrait of He Mengyao and a woodcut of his book "Medical Pillar" for people to admire, showing the brilliant Confucian medical style of the pearl of Southern China.