After the restoration of the Shanghai Party organization during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the former site of the secret contact point of the Jiangsu Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China (now No. 22, Jinghua New Village, Julu Road, Shanghai) Data photo
Sun Yefang as a young man Profile picture
Sun Yefang: "Some Situations of the Shanghai Cultural Committee in the Early Period of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression", included in the second volume of "Memoirs of Shanghai "Isolated Island" Literature" compiled by the Institute of Literature of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, China Social Sciences Press, published in September 1985
After the "July 7" Lugou Bridge Incident in 1937, the War of Resistance Broke Out in full swing. Soon, the "August 13" Songhu War of Resistance broke out in Shanghai. On November 12, 1937, all the Kuomintang troops withdrew, and Shanghai fell into the clutches of the Japanese Kou, but the Shanghai concession, because it was under the jurisdiction of different countries, the Japanese army could not enter, so it was called "isolated island". The Anti-Japanese Salvation Movement led by the Communist Party of China took advantage of this unique political situation to develop. At that time, the famous economist Sun Yefang participated in and led the work of the Cultural Circles Movement Committee in Shanghai and launched a vigorous cultural salvation movement, which greatly encouraged the people's enthusiasm for resisting Japan.
The sons and daughters of China, who are not willing to be slaves to the country, have struggled this 'isolated island' for more than four years, and the struggle on the cultural front has achieved particularly brilliant results.
After the fall of Shanghai, the Japanese invading army set up checkpoints everywhere in nanshi, Zhabei, Hongkou, Pudong, Yangshupu and other places it occupied, and there were many sentries along the bridges along the Suzhou Creek, and many areas were set up as military warning areas by the Japanese army.
At this time, the rest of the Shanghai Public Concession and the French Concession were not occupied by the Japanese army because Britain, the United States, France and other countries were "neutral countries", but they were already surrounded by the Japanese army on all sides, so they were called "isolated islands". Its range is: east to the Huangpu River, west to Fahua Road (now known as Xinhua Road), Da Xi Road (now known as Yan'an West Road), south to Minguo Road (now known as Renmin Road), north to Suzhou Creek. British, American, French and other armies installed iron gates or barbed wire fences along the borders of the concession and built fortifications.
In fact, Shanghai, which was called an "isolated island" at that time, was not politically "lonely". Although at this time it was no longer within the control of the Chinese Government and the anti-Japanese forces, the contradictions and confrontations between the British, American, and French countries, the controllers of the Shanghai Concession, and the Japanese imperialists over the conflict of fundamental interests, and because the Japanese army had not yet entered the concession area after all, the Anti-Japanese Salvation Movement led by the Communist Party of China was taking advantage of this special socio-political situation and developing in various forms.
In the "isolated island", anti-Japanese speech was not completely prohibited, and a unique anti-Japanese "island culture" was once formed. After pearl harbor in December 1941, the Pacific War broke out, the Japanese army entered the concession, and the "isolated island" period in Shanghai ended.
In the early 1930s, the Shanghai Party organization left only the central special intelligence organization and a few party members who were small and scattered to carry out covert activities. The Party Central Committee successively sent Pan Hannian and Feng Xuefeng to Shanghai to secretly search for these individually active party members through Lu Xun and the literary and art circles. In early November 1937, with the approval of the CPC Central Committee, the Jiangsu Provincial Committee of the CPC was formally established in Shanghai, with liu xiao, Liu Changsheng, Zhang Aiping, Wang Yaoshan, and Sha Wenhan composed of Liu Xiao as secretary, Wang Yaoshan as the director of the organization, and Sha Wenhan as the propaganda director and editor-in-chief of the party journal. After the establishment of the provincial party committee, a new page of struggle in the "isolated island" period was launched. The work of the provincial party committee focuses on Shanghai Municipality, and at the same time leads the work of the underground party in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces and important cities along the Shanghai-Nanjing and Shanghai-Hangzhou railways, and also undertakes the heavy task of opening up the anti-Japanese armed struggle in the rural areas behind the enemy lines in Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
In view of the complicated situation in which Shanghai was reduced to an "isolated island," the Jiangsu Provincial CPC Committee promptly analyzed the situation and characteristics at that time, and pointed out: "After the fall of Shanghai, the suffering of millions of people suffering massacres, starvation, and wandering under the aggression of the Japanese emperor will further arouse national hatred and anti-Japanese sentiments... Japan's power in the concession was bound to strengthen, but Japan's occupation of Shanghai also increased the envy and contradictions between Britain, the United States, and France toward Japan, and the concession authorities could not carry out every japanese intention one hundred percent. But our environment is bound to get worse and worse. "The provincial party committee decided to seize the special environment in which the concession had not yet been occupied by the Japanese army, make full use of the contradictions between Britain and the United States and Japan, adopt legal forms, expand the mass base, and develop the party's strength."
Comrade Sun Yefang, who joined the Party in 1924 during the Great Revolution, has been rejected by Wang Ming's sect since returning from Moscow. In February 1936, after the establishment of the Provisional Working Committee of jiangsu province of the Communist Party of China, his organizational relations were reconnected, and he served as the first secretary of the Cultural Circles Movement Committee (hereinafter referred to as the Cultural Committee) of the Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee, with the deputy secretary being Cao Diqiu, and the members were Wang Renshu (Ba Ren), Mei Yi, Yu Ling, and so on. Under the leadership of the Shanghai Underground Cultural Committee, a vigorous mass anti-Japanese cultural movement to save the dead was launched, publicizing the party's anti-Japanese national united front in the theater, film, literature, and press and publication circles, and expanding the party's political influence.
Sun Yefang was a famous economist at that time. His original name was Xue Caoguo, a native of Yuqi Town, Wuxi County, Jiangsu Province (now part of Huishan District, Wuxi), born on October 24, 1908. In the summer of 1920, Sun Yefang was admitted to the Wuxi County No. 1 Higher Primary School (now Wuxi Lianyuan Street Primary School). In July 1924, he was admitted to Wuxi Public Welfare Industrial and Commercial Middle School and joined the Communist Party of China in the same year. After graduating from Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow in the summer of 1927, he was assigned to the Oriental University (Chinese class) as a translator for the lecture hall of the famous economist Leontief. At that time, he systematically studied the theory of political economy. In September 1930, he returned to China to join the revolutionary struggle. Later, with the help of Chen Hansheng, he participated in the survey of China's rural economy carried out by the Institute of Social Sciences of the Academia Sinica and went to Jiangsu and other places to investigate and study. Since then, he has been engaged in the research of China's economy. In 1933, Sun Zhifang, together with Chen Hansheng, Qian Junrui, Xue Huiqiao, Jiang Junchen, Zhang Xichang, Wu Juenong, Sun Xiaocun, Feng Hefa, Xu Xuehan, Luo Gengmo and others, initiated the establishment of the China Rural Economic Research Association and the monthly magazine "Rural China", on which he wrote many articles to publicize the idea of agrarian revolution. He actively engaged in left-wing cultural activities, and published articles under the pseudonyms Sun Baoshan and Henry in "Hua Nian", "The Present World", and "New Understanding", using the actual investigation materials of the factory to explain the fragility of China's capitalist industry and point out the remnants of feudal exploitation in it.
In Shanghai, an "isolated island" that was fraught with dangers during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Sun Yefang became acquainted with Sha Wenhan, Chen Xiuliang, Gu Zhun, Wang Yuanhua, and others, and became lifelong friends.
Sun Yefang's old comrade-in-arms Chen Xiuliang wrote the book "Sixty Years of Sun Yefang's Revolutionary Career," and Wang Yuanhua was very excited after reading it, saying: "It brings me back to the young age when I first joined the party during the 'isolated island' period. I grew up sucking the spiritual milk of the Shanghai Underground Party Cultural Committee. Those people in the Cultural Committee who still make me unforgettable have had a tremendous impact on the formation of my thoughts and the cultivation of my personality. They are Sun Yefang, Chen Xiuliang, Lin Tanqiu, Gu Zhun, Jiang Chunfang, Huang Ming, these comrades I regard as big brothers and big sisters. ”
At that time, Sun Yefang was less than thirty years old, but he had been honed for a long time, calm and calm, and quite affinity. In the eyes of his deputy Gu Zhun, Sun Yefang "does not take the shelf, is approachable, and is easy to accept the opinions of others." Gu Zhuncai, who was in his early twenties, had already become famous in Shanghai, full of passion, and became an "idol" of literary youth. The two prosperous Communists became the organizers of the anti-Japanese forces on the "isolated island" literary scene. Gu Zhun later succeeded Cao Diqiu as deputy secretary of the Cultural Affairs Committee. Sun Yefang and Gu Zhun jointly presided over the work of the underground cultural committee, which can be described as a temporary choice, and although Gu Zhun did not work long in the "cultural committee", he still did a lot of work. At that time, Sun Yefang and Gu Zhun were full of spirits and energetic, devoted themselves to the party's cultural salvation activities, and were deeply supported by everyone. Decades later, this impression remains in the memory of his comrades who fought alongside him. Wang Yuanhua once recalled with great affection: "In the early days of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, I worked under the leadership of the Cultural Affairs Committee under the Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee, and Gu Zhun was my leader. At that time, the secretary of the Cultural Committee was Sun Yefang, and Gu Zhun was one of the responsible persons of the Cultural Committee. I am proud to have worked on culture under both of them. ”
Although the "isolated island" area is not large, it has gathered a large number of patriotic young people and revolutionary intellectuals in Shanghai's cultural circles, and the anti-Japanese cultural activities they have carried out are like rivers and tides, surging and surging and forming a magnificent and spectacular revolutionary picture. The situation of the "isolated island" is as Gu Zhun pointed out: "After Shanghai became an 'island', our initial estimate of the deterioration of the working environment was overly pessimistic. In fact, the Japanese and Kosovars were unable to penetrate the concession for a while, and the contradictions between imperialism such as Britain, the United States, and France and the Japanese and the Kosovars became sharper in a certain sense with the development of the war situation. The anti-Japanese sentiment of the masses is extremely high, the situation has changed, the expression of the war period around Shanghai is impossible, and they are looking forward to some suitable form to organize them and express their political sentiments. ("Gu Zhun's Self-Description", China Youth Publishing House, January 2002)
Based on this judgment of the situation, in the concession surrounded by occupied areas, Sun Yefang and members of the Cultural Committee, such as Xia Yan, Tian Han, Qian Junrui, Cao Diqiu, Yu Ling, Ba Ren, Mei Yi, Gu Zhun, and other Communists, along with patriotic literati and newspapermen, held high the banner of the Anti-Japanese Resistance and set up many progressive anti-Japanese newspapers and periodicals. This is the famous "Shanghai Isolated Island Cultural Movement" in the history of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.
Here, there were many anti-Japanese newspapers and periodicals published openly and in secret, and for a time it was as if the mushrooms had sprung up after a rain, and the mountain flowers were blooming, which refreshed the long-dull literary circles and made people who did not want to be slaves to the subjugation of the country feel inspired. At that time, under the direct leadership of the Underground Cultural Committee presided over by Sun Yefang, the newspapers and periodicals published openly included "Translation Daily," "Translation Weekly," "Shanghai Weekly," "Study," "Curiosity Series," and "Shanghai Women."; and the "Times Series" and "Inland Communications" were published in secret. Publishing houses directly under the direct leadership of the Party include Fushe, Beishe and Xinzhi Bookstore.
The "isolated island" period was the burning passion in the lives of Sun Yefang and his comrades, and their wisdom and talents were brought into full play. Guo Dali and Wang Yanan's three volumes of "Capital" that they had worked hard for ten years were finally translated; Mei Yi, a member of the Cultural Committee, translated "How Steel is Made"; the Fushe Publishing Society published "The Complete Works of Lu Xun," "Journey to the West," and "One Day in Shanghai," Yu Ling, a member of the Cultural Committee, discharged "Night in Shanghai," and Ba Jin wrote a sequel to "Home," "Spring" and "Autumn." These works, not only in the "isolated islands", but also in the whole country, became textbooks that inspired generations of educators to embark on the revolutionary road. Later, when commenting on the isolated island cultural movement, Mr. Mao Dun pointed out: The sons and daughters of China, who are not willing to be slaves to the subjugation of the country, have struggled this 'isolated island' for more than four years, and the struggle on the cultural front has achieved particularly brilliant results. ”
In addition to organizing the anti-Japanese salvation movement in the cultural and artistic circles, Sun Yefang's long-accumulated economic skills combined with revolutionary enthusiasm were in full swing and constantly erupted. He published articles, editorials, and commentaries in newspapers and periodicals, such as "On National Economic Construction and State Capitalism," "National Liberation and National Reunification," "A Good Example of The War of Resistance and Nation-Building," and "A Year of Progress," attacking the Japanese imperialist policy of economic aggression, analyzing the world economic situation, expounding on the relationship between national liberation and the national economy, and advocating the war of resistance and nation-building.
"Although the enemy is brutal and the work is dangerous, we have not yet endured the collision of ideals and reality, and the sunshine in our hearts has not been engulfed by any cloud"
Under the leadership of Sun Yefang, the underground Cultural Committee of the CPC resolutely implemented the party's instructions on cultural work and focused the salvation movement in the cultural circles on theatrical work. Their approach was: In the first task, they organized a professional professional theater troupe, and Yu Ling, a member of the Cultural Committee, and other comrades came forward to set up 13 rescue drama teams such as the "Blue Bird Drama Society" and the "Shanghai Opera Art Society." These 13 rescue drama teams have mobilized almost all the main forces in the theater industry, including famous actors Yuan Muzhi, Jin Shan, Tian Fang, wang Ying, famous musician Xian Xinghai, famous dramatists Hong Shen, Song Zhi, Ah Ying, Xu Xingzhi, Gu Zhongyi and others. They successively performed such plays as "Sai Jinhua," "Night shanghai," "Leaving the Grass," and "Under the Eaves of Shanghai," occupied the entire stage of greater Shanghai, and persisted in waging struggles against Japanese and pseudo-colonial literature and art and Han traitor literature and art, which had a great impact. Later, most of these drama teams went to the front line and the rear, and some of them were assigned to the leadership of the Third Department of the Political Department under Guo Moruo's responsibility after they arrived in Wuhan and were reorganized into field drama teams, becoming a main force in the culture of the War of Resistance.
The other is to carry out amateur drama movements and organize a wide range of mass amateur theater troupes, that is, the establishment of drama crews and small amateur troupes in various social groups in the working industry and factories, enterprises and schools, and their cooperation and cooperation with professional or large troupes has been fruitful. The mass amateur theater troupe not only performs in its own unit, but also establishes the Zhou Xiao Theater, selects the best plays in the amateur theater troupe, and takes turns to sell tickets on Sunday mornings, which is unprecedented in the history of the Shanghai theater industry. After Comrade Zhou Enlai learned about it, he once praised: "The work of the Weekly Theater is very good!" ”
Sun Yefang later said in the party history materials provided: "At that time, mass teams such as professional circles, student circles, and women's circles all carried out amateur activities to perform anti-Japanese and rescue dramas. The amateur repertory theater first performed at the Shin Kong Theater and Xuan Palace Theater, and later performed at the Emerald Theater under the New World Mall. This is unprecedented in the history of the Shanghai theater industry. (Sun Yefang: "Some Situations of the Shanghai Cultural Committee in the Early Period of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression", included in the second volume of "Literary Memoirs of Shanghai's "Isolated Island" edited by the Institute of Literature of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, China Social Sciences Press, September 1985 edition)
Before the death of Comrade Jiang Chunfang, "Some Situations on the Cultural Front in Shanghai Before and After the War of Resistance Against Japan", which is extremely precious, said: "In the whole work, from 38 years to the comprehensive fall of Shanghai in December 1941, there were many organizational changes and frequent changes in leaders. Comrade Sun Yefang led me to April and May of 1939, about a year or so. After that, it will be handed over to Comrade Gu Zhun. ...... In the autumn of 1939, Gu Zhun announced to me the establishment of a general branch of culture ('General Administration of Literature'), under which there were several branches: (1) the new literary branch, which successively included comrades Xu Zhong, Zhang Hao, Wang Yi, Wang Hong, and Ai Zhongquan; (2) the literary branch, which included comrades Wang Yuanhua, Zhong Wangyang, and Jiang Tianzuo. Below there are literary correspondents, literary journals. Party members include comrades such as Shu Shuqiu and Zhao Buyang; (3) The drama branch includes comrades hu Dazhong and Wu Xiaopei. There are three groups under the Drama Branch. I served as the secretary of the 'General Secretary of Literature'; comrades Jiang Tianzuo and Zhong Wangyang also worked together before and after. (Jiang Chunfang, "Some Situations on the Cultural Front in Shanghai Before and After the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression," see "Shanghai Party History Materials Newsletter" compiled by the Party History Materials Collection Committee of the Shanghai Municipal CPC Committee, No. 7, 1984) Everyone has worked diligently and achieved considerable results. Sun Yefang later estimated the party's cultural work in this period: "Judging by the weakness of our subjective forces at that time, our achievements in the cultural circles in those years were not small. Although Shanghai has been reduced to an "island", it is still a cultural center. The progressive movement in Shanghai's cultural circles is bound to affect the whole country.
Wang Yuanhua remembers that the literary group he was in was led by Dai Pingwan and Lin Tanqiu, and that Sun Yefang and Gu Zhun both participated in their group activities on behalf of the Cultural Committee. Although Sun Yefang did not come as often as Gu Zhun, he occasionally participated in related activities.
In Wang Yuanhua's impression, Sun Yefang did not smile, but they were not as afraid of him as they were afraid of having a leader who "liked to reprimand people". Although Sun Yefang is also very serious, he is not severe, and when there is a problem, he just listens to you carefully and then slowly analyzes the reason. Once Wang Yuanhua was in trouble, and he treated it this way.
Another time, Sun Yefang went to attend the activities of the drama group, where there were many young comrades who had just joined the party. The meeting was over, and as soon as he started speaking, he stopped, sniffed the room and asked, "What smells?" Then he turned his face to the comrade who led the group and called out his name, "You don't wash your feet, but your feet are washed every day." As soon as his words came out, they immediately caused a burst of laughter, but he did not laugh. Sun Yefang himself always dressed very neatly, washed his clothes cleanly, and probably ironed them with an iron. In fact, he was in financial difficulty at that time.
Sun Yefang often showed a rather cute and amiable attitude, which made Wang Yuanhua and these young people who had just joined the party at that time like him very much, and I don't know who gave Sun Yefang the nickname of "mother", which was immediately called open.
Years later, looking back on these past events, Wang Yuanhua's mood still can't be calm: "Although we are naïve, we all understand his love and care for us, although he has never publicly revealed it to us." At the beginning of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, it was a vigorous era, and life within the Party was so full of vitality and vigor that all this made us young people who were desperately trying to absorb knowledge well. At that time our lives were shrouded in a jubilant atmosphere, and although the enemies were brutal and the work was dangerous, we had not yet experienced the collision of ideals and reality, and the sunshine in our hearts had not yet been engulfed by any cloud. ”
For the sake of the party's cause, be ready to sacrifice yourself
Because the "isolated island" is hanging alone in the occupied area and surrounded by the enemy on all sides, the environment of the struggle is extremely complicated and tortuous and delicate; at the same time, because it is in the situation of the great tide of resistance against Japan, people who hold various viewpoints, positions, methods, and customs are gathered together. Therefore, uniting all forces that can be united, isolating and attacking the most important enemies to the greatest extent, does require a superb and skillful art of leadership. Sun Yefang himself is not engaged in literary and artistic work, his specialty lies in the field of economics, but due to the needs of the revolutionary struggle, as the secretary of the cultural committee leading the "isolated island" cultural activities, he must have a deep understanding of the broad connotation of cultural activities and the laws of their movement, so that he can accurately grasp the general direction of the struggle. When there is a problem with the direction, method and struggle strategy, it can be corrected in a timely manner, "brake the car" in a timely manner and reverse the harmful tendency of error.
In 1938, there was a big debate in the Shanghai literary and art circles about Lu Xun's essays, known as "Lu Xunfeng". Among them, although some people are left-wing writers and some are still members of the Cultural Committee, their understanding of Lu Xun's essays has deviated. They believe that "Lu Xunfeng" (that is, the style of Lu Xun's essays) is outdated, and now that it is the period of the War of Resistance, they should speak with their voices straight, and should no longer speak obscurely and covertly. Wang Renshu (Ba Ren) and others opposed this view, arguing that Lu Xun's fighting style would never be outdated. Although this is a matter of understanding and understanding Lu Xun's literary style, at a time when the anti-Japanese struggle is surging, waging this controversy will not only divert the masses' attention from the current situation of struggle, but also be easily exploited by the enemy and some people with ulterior motives. Sun Yefang was keenly aware of the seriousness of this problem, so he convened a meeting in the name of the Cultural Committee, promptly organized everyone to discuss and study this situation, and invited the two sides to sit together to discuss how to unify their understanding and end the controversy as soon as possible.
Sun Yefang's insightful and penetrating analysis made both sides of the controversy accept his opinion with satisfaction and sincerity, and finally they automatically stopped this controversy that lasted more than two months and caused a sensation in the literary world. Under the leadership of Sun Yefang, at the end of 1938, Qian Nashui, the chief writer of the "Translation Daily," came forward to convene a literary and art forum, and the main representative figures of the two sides of the debate, Wang Renshu, Ah Ying, Lin Tanqiu, Ke Ling, Yang Fan, Wang Yuanhua, and others, all attended the meeting. The happy conclusion of the controversy not only promoted the unity of the anti-Japanese united front in Shanghai's literary and art circles, but also enabled many writers to improve their understanding of Lu Xun and his essays, thus promoting the creation of essays.
In the harsh environment of that time, according to regulations, the party leaders were not allowed to have direct contact with the workers, students, employees, and other mass salvation organizations, and could only play their role through party members and grass-roots branches in these mass organizations. But even so, Sun Yefang always tried his best to find a way to go deep into the masses. Yang Fan, a member of the Cultural Committee and head of the drama group, later recalled: "From 1938 onwards, It was Sha Wenhan and Sun Yefang who were appointed by Jiangsu Province to contact our cultural branches specifically. Our branch meeting (cultural circle salvation branch), Sun Yefang almost every time to participate. At the time of the surging anti-Japanese upsurge, more than twenty young students joined the party at once in the "isolated island" of Shanghai. Sun Yefang was particularly happy when he saw this, and he often cordially found these young comrades to talk to them and taught them the methods of work and the art of fighting the enemy hand in hand.
The "isolated island" is not a paradise, dangers exist everywhere, and Japanese agents, Kuomintang agents and patrol houses are closely watching this new anti-Japanese force.
In 1937, Chen Xiuliang introduced her classmate of Ningbo Women's Normal School, Hong Keping, who graduated from the Department of Education of Fudan University, and Sun Yefang as a couple. Sun Yefang and Mr. and Mrs. Hong Keping's home on The Baylor Road on the "isolated island" is a secret contact point for the CCP. Pan Hannian, Sha Wenhan, Cao Diqiu and other CPC leaders, as well as left-wing cultural workers such as Gu Zhun, Xia Yan, Zhang Zonglin, and Wang Yuanhua, held meetings here many times, and Hong Keping often sat at the entrance of the alley to look out for them.
Sun Yefang is also in charge of a very dangerous job - editing and publishing the Yan'an Xinhua News Agency telegraph every day. Sun Yefang repeatedly said to Hong Keping: "If I haven't returned home after 12 o'clock in the morning, don't wait for me, then I must be in an accident." You have to destroy the documents and leave immediately. ”
For the sake of the party's cause, Sun Yefang is ready to sacrifice himself at any time!
In August 1940, Sun Yefang received a notice from the Party Central Committee transferring him to Yan'an, so he and his wife Hong Keping detoured through Hong Kong, Guilin, Guiyang and other places, and arrived in Chongqing at the beginning of the following year. One night in early February 1941, Sun Yefang met Zhou Enlai, whom he had met in Moscow in 1928, at the chongqing Eighth Route Army office. Zhou Enlai told Sun Yefang straight away that there was no longer a plane to Yan'an, and introduced Sun Yefang to work in the New Fourth Army. Sun Zhifang obeyed Zhou Enlai's arrangement, and then traveled to Shanghai via Hong Kong, where he was picked up by the traffic officers of the New Fourth Army, and arrived at the Headquarters of the New Fourth Army in Yancheng, northern Jiangsu in 1941, and since then embarked on a new revolutionary journey.
(Author: Luo Yinsheng Unit: Shanghai Lixin Institute of Accounting and Finance)