Original: Sword guts heart
Baoding tour in November 2019
At the beginning of November 2019, a friend drove to the ancient city of Baoding to start a two-day tour. I have been to Baoding many times before, except for the ancient lotus pond, I really haven't carefully toured.
Baoding is known as "the three passes in the north, the nine provinces in the south, the important place of Kifu, and the capital of Nanpinghan". The name of Baoding means "to defend the capital and stabilize the world".
In the Qing Dynasty, Baoding was the capital of the province directly under the province, and was the seat of the governor of Zhili, from 1669 to 1968, for nearly three hundred years, it was the political, economic, cultural, and military center of Hebei, as well as the regional political center of China, and after the founding of New China, it was also the capital of Hebei Province twice. Baoding is also the hometown of the legendary Yao Emperor, with a history of more than 3,000 years, and is the historical land of the Yan Kingdom, zhongshan Kingdom and Later Yan Li capital.
Zhuozhou built the Sanyi Palace
Depart from Beijing in the morning and travel more than 70 kilometers to Zhuozhou. Zhuozhou is a county-level city under Baoding City, and in the early years it has always been a county and prefecture seat, and the Republic of China began to withdraw the prefecture and set up a county, which was once renamed Zhuo County.
According to legend, in the last years of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Bei, after king Jing of Han Zhongshan, the Zhuo County people of Youzhou, fell in the middle of the road and made a living by weaving mats and selling shoes. Just met the fellow villager Zhang Fei, as well as the hand blade bully in his hometown, guan Yu of the Xiezhou clan who was exiled to Zhuozhou, the three of them felt sorry for each other, and married brothers with different surnames in the peach orchard, working together to create the Shu Han Dynasty and divide the world. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms begins here, and the Taoyuan story takes root here, and is widely praised by historical books and folk.
The Sui Dynasty built the "Sanyi Temple" in The Village of LousangMiao in Zhuozhou to sacrifice Liu Guanzhang and praise Liu Bei's benevolence, Guan Yu's loyalty, and Zhang Fei's righteousness. The Tang, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties have all been repaired. Emperor Wuzong of Ming gave the seal book "Edict of Sanyi Palace". Emperors of the past, celebrities and rioters, rushed to visit, wandering and looking at the view.
During the Cultural Revolution, all buildings were demolished except for the Mountain Gate and the Ming Zhengde Monument. In 1996, Sanyi Palace was restored and rebuilt according to the original style, and a total of 87 statues were restored according to the original form, such as the main hall, the Nine Dragon Monument, the Jiebai Stone, the Inner and Outer Palace Walls, the Horse Shrine, the Guan Yu Hall, the Zhang Fei Hall, the Retreat Palace, the Wuhou Hall, and the Shao Sanyi Hall.
Huanhou Temple
Commonly known as Zhang Fei Temple, it is located in Zhang Fei Dian (now known as Zhongyi Dian) Village, Taoyuan Township, Zhuozhou. The date of construction is unknown, but there are still ming and Qing dynasty reconstruction stone stele. The original temple was completely destroyed in the 1970s and rebuilt on the original site in 1993.
In addition to the Huanhou Temple built in Zhang Fei's hometown, there are also two Huanhou Temples and Zhang Fei's Tomb in Yunyang County, Chongqing and Langzhong County, Sichuan, respectively, known as "Zhang Fei's head is in Yunyang and he is in Langzhong". It is said that the Zhuozhou Huanhou Temple sent people to take soil from the two tombs and build a tomb in the Zhuozhou Huanhou Temple to show that the fallen leaves returned to the roots.
The Zhang Fei well on the side of Huanhou Temple is an old object, which is rumored to have been used by Zhang Fei to store meat in that year. In the thirty-ninth year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty, The Zhizhou Tong Guoyi was rebuilt and erected as a monument, and the front of the stone stele read "Huanhou Ancient Well". In 2002, the ancient well and inscription were moved to the outside of the current Huanhou Temple.
When Shi Zai Zhang Fei was young, he sold meat as a business, often stored meat in the well, and covered the wellhead with boulders, and wrote: "If there is a person who pulls up a large stone, send ten pounds of meat." One day, Zhang Fei found that the big stone had been removed and the meat in the well was lost. Chased to the city, wrestled with Guan Yu, and later met Liu Bei to persuade him, did not fight or know each other, so Sanxiong married.
There is also a stone stele nearby, which is written by Zhang Hejing of the State of Zhizhuo in the Qing XianfengNian Dynasty, with the inscription "Monument to the Hometown of the Alliance of The Emperor zhaolie of the Han Dynasty". In fact, zhang fei's hometown, Zhang Feijing, Taoyuan sanjie yi hometown, the exact location can not be accurately verified, just a concept.
Zhuozhou was also the hometown of the Northern Wei official Shangshu, Jizhou Assassin History, geographer, and author of the Commentary on the Water Classic, Located in what is now Li Daoyuan Road.
(Sanyi Palace Mountain Gate, Main Hall)
(The Kowloon Monument was built by the reconstruction of the Sanyi Palace in the year of Ming Zhengde (1508), and the stele is surrounded by nine flying dragons, hence the name)
(The Five Marquis Hall, originally known as the Wuhou Hall, the left hand in the hall is dedicated to Marquis Zhuge Liang of Wuxiang, and the right hand is dedicated to Pang Tong, who is also Liu Beijun's division and general of Zhonglang, and is called Fengchi.) The ranking is noted as "Right Army Division", and in fact Pang Tong was posthumously awarded the title of Marquis of Guannei after the death of Luo fengpo. The other four marquis generals were Zhao Yun, Marquis of Changshan, Marquis Machao of Zhenxi, Marquis Huangzhong of Dingchao, and Marquis Madai of Shencang, except for Guan Yu and Zhang Fei.
(Shaosanyi Hall, the hall is dedicated to Liu Bei's son Liu Chan and Guan Yu's son, and the son of Marquis Guan Xing of Han shouting and Zhang Fei's son Zhang Bao of Han Huan)
(Huanhou Temple Mountain Gate and Tomb)
(Zhang Fei Gujing)
("Han Zhaolie Emperor Jieyi Hometown" stele)
(Li Daoyuan's hometown)
Baoding name eats Bai Yunzhang buns
Rushing to Baoding city in the afternoon, with Baidu map to find baiyunzhang bun shop, this famous Chinese time-honored brand founded in 1919, was opened by Master Baiyunzhang in his own name. In 1958, in the national large and medium-sized cities bun quality evaluation, Bai Yunzhang bun and Tianjin "dog ignore" bun both won the championship.
Bai Yunzhang bun is filled with fresh beef and seasonal vegetables, and the bun skin is made in a certain proportion of hair noodles and hot noodles. The bun is characterized by a thin skin and tendons, a fresh and fragrant meat filling, a bite full of oil, and an endless aftertaste.
The two asked for a cage of buns and two bowls of beef hood cakes. Beef cover cake is also a special famous food in Baoding, Hebei Province, which began during the Qing Dynasty, according to legend, the Jiaqing Emperor passed through Baoding in the south, smelled the strange fragrance and invigorated the spirit, and asked: "What is this incense?" Left and right replied: "Beef cover cake." The prefect was about to offer the beef cover cake, Jiaqing was very happy, and after eating it, he praised: "color, aroma and taste" three absolute. Since then, beef hood cake has become a delicacy for successive prefects to entertain guests from all walks of life.
After drinking and eating, start the tour of the city.
Great Mercy Pavilion
Da Ci Ge, located on the north side of Yuhua Road in Baoding City, Hebei Province, was formerly known as the Great Compassion Pavilion, and was officially called Zhenjue Zen Temple. It is the tallest ancient building in the city. According to reports, the Great Ci Pavilion was built in the Jin Dynasty (1227 AD) by Zhang Rou, the Duke of Caiguo in the Yuan Dynasty.
Da Ci Ge is a group of majestic ancient buildings, sitting north to south. Da Ci Pavilion has three floors of heavy eaves, the top of the mountain Bowa, the bottom is five rooms wide, the depth is three, and the three-story loft can be climbed to the three-story loft, which can overlook the scenery of Baoding City.
The Great Ci Pavilion is 31 meters high, in front of the pavilion is 22 steps, the Pavilion Guanyin Bodhisattva stands on the Lotus Petal Sumiya Seat, the Guanyin statue is carved in wood, 5.5 meters high, and 42 arms hold various magic tools.
Baoding Bell Tower
Baoding Bell Tower, also known as Guming ShuangLou, is located on Yuhua Road in Baoding City, close to Daci Pavilion. Originally built in the Jin Dynasty, after the reconstruction of the Ming Xuande year, it was called "Xuande Lou", and after the 42 years of reconstruction by the Qing Kangxi Dynasty, it was also called "Ming Frost Building". The bell is hidden in the building, the body of the bell is 2.55 meters high, the caliber is 2 meters, the lip thickness is 17 centimeters, and it was cast in the 21st year of the Jin Dynasty (1181 AD). According to the Dictionary of Chinese Places, the bell predates the 203-year-old Bell of the Xi'an Bell Tower and the 552-year-old Bell of the Great Bell Temple in Beijing.
(White Luck Medal Bun and Beef Cover Cake)
(Baoding Bell Tower)
(Baoding Daci Pavilion)
Ancient lotus pond
Located in the center of Baoding City, Yuhua Road, was founded in 1227 AD at the turn of the Jin Dynasty, formerly known as Xuexiang Garden, with a history of nearly 800 years. It was originally the residence of Zhang Rou, a famous military general in the late Jin Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty, and the king of Yuan Runan.
In the eleventh year of Yongzheng (1733), Li Weifeng, the governor of Yongzheng, set out to open a academy in Lotus Pond. In the year of Qianlong, the lotus pond was set up as the emperor's palace, and The emperors and empresses such as Qianlong, Jiaqing, and Cixi went on a tour, and they all stopped here through Baoding. The Qianlong Emperor came here many times and wrote poems praising the lotus pond. In 1921, Xu Shichang, president of the Beiyang government, personally wrote the "Ancient Lotus Pond" horizontal plaque, which is still used today. As a national key cultural relics protection unit, it is one of the top ten gardens in China with its strong historical accumulation.
The lotus pond takes the pond as the main body, the Linyi Pavilion as the center, and the mountains, water, buildings, terraces, pavilions, halls, temples, and pavilions are staggered, forming the famous twelve views of the lotus pond, which has won the reputation of "city Penglai".
The main buildings are Shuidong Building, Library Pavilion, Zao Yong Hall, Gentleman's Eternal Life Hall, Xiangqin Xie, Gao Fenxuan, Han LuXuan and Linyi, Maojin, Sharan, Not as Good, Liuzhuo, Guanlan and other pavilions, Wanhong Bridge, Quqiao Bridge and Yuanjian White Stone Bridge, etc., constituting a beautiful picture of "there is a scene in the lake, and the scenery contains poetry".
The park is dominated by rockeries and is surrounded by an east canal that connects the north and south ponds. The mountain stones are varied, or the rocks are rugged, or the exquisite and transparent, the caves in the mountains are gentle, and the pavilions in the mountains are scattered.
Today, the Lotus Pond houses a considerable collection of sutra tablets and stone statues. Most of them are placed in the east monument gallery, the wall carved corridor and the wooden bar on the south side of the water east building, and some of them are scattered above the rockery in the garden and in the courtyard and in front of the hall. Among them are the imperial poetry stele given to the directly subordinate governor Fu Jiangchen when the Qianlong and Jiaqing emperors of the Qing Dynasty "patrolled" the lotus pond; there are inscriptions from the fifteenth year of the Ming Dynasty to the twenty-second year of the Republic of China (1587-1933 AD) when the lotus pond was repaired or the academy was founded and the palace was set up. There are six stele in the wooden sills on the south side of the Shuidong Building, all of which are cultural relics and treasures moved into the lotus pond. In the meantime, the "Tian Wande Zheng Monument" and the "Wang Yangming Cursive Poetry Stele" have high calligraphy artistic value. There is a thirty-three-room half-walled corridor in the west of Maojin Pavilion, and the wall of the corridor is embedded with three sections of eighty-two square inscriptions, the main part of which is the famous "Lotus Pond Academy Fa Ti". In addition, in the mountain pavilions such as Chunwupo, Zhangliudong, and Hongzaopo, you can occasionally see the Qianlong Emperor's poems carved in stone and the liao, Jin, and Yuan dynasties. It is a very precious cultural heritage.
(The lotus pond takes the pond as the main body, the Linyi Pavilion as the center, and the mountains, water, buildings, terraces, pavilions, halls, temples, and pavilions are staggered)
(One of the twelve views of the lotus pond, a beautiful rockery barrier standing at the door)
(Lotus Pond Twelve Views No. 2, Huanan Yanchi Caotang)
(Lotus Pond Twelve Views No. 3, Ten Thousand Scrolls Hall)
(Lotus Pond 12 Views No. 4, Gaofen Pavilion)
(The 5th of the Twelve Views of the Lotus Pond, the Red Pavilion of the Garden and the Arch Bridge in front of the Pavilion)
(Lotus Pond 12 No. 6, Zao Yong Tang)
(Lotus Pond Twelve Views of the Seventh, Cold Green Xuan)
(Lotus Pond Twelve Scenes of the Eighth, Chapters Stay Cave)
(Lotus Pond 9 of the Twelve Views, Hancang Pavilion)
(Lotus Pond 12 Views of 10, Crane Chai)
(Eleven of the Twelve Views of the Lotus Pond, The Library Building of the Rui Building)
(Twelve Views of lotus pond, translation hall)
(The above pictures are the attractions of the ancient lotus pond: the Zhili Library built in 1908, the Shuidong Building built on the east side of the pond, the Kuishu Pavilion, the Junzi Changsheng Hall, and the Rock Pavilion)
(Built in the Yuan Dynasty, the Green Field Ladder Bridge, the Monument Corridor, the Qin Yun, the Mao Jin Pavilion, the Sharan Pavilion, the Inferior Pavilion, and the HanChen Pavilion)
Directly under the Governor's Office
The Governor's Office, also known as the Governor's Office, is located in Yuhua Road, Lianchi District, Baoding City, Hebei Province, and is a well-preserved Provincial Office of the Qing Dynasty in China.
The original building was built in the Yuan Dynasty, in the early Ming Dynasty as Baoding Fuya, during the Ming Yongle years changed to the Daning DuSi Bureau, and in the early Qing Dynasty it was changed to the Staff General Office. In 1730 (the eighth year of Qing Yongzheng), after a large-scale expansion, the Governor's Office was officially established, and the Eight Emperors of Yongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang, Xianfeng, Tongzhi, Guangxu and Xuantong were introduced, which can be described as a microcosm of the history of the Qing Dynasty.
There were 59 people and 66 viceroys directly under the office, such as Sun Jiagan, Fang Chengguan, Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang, Yuan Shikai, etc., and there was no shortage of Hehegan City of the Qing Dynasty.
Its jurisdiction included present-day Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin and parts of Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Liaoning, and Inner Mongolia, with a total of seven prefectures and 104 counties. Due to the unique geographical location of zhili province, the governor of Zhili is ranked first among the eight governors in the country. Therefore, the title of governor directly subordinate to the viceroy is not a heavy subject. It was not abolished until the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1912. It is known as "a governor's office, half of the History of the Qing Dynasty".
During the Republic of China, Baoding was the base camp of the warlord Cao Kun. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, it was the seat of the Hebei Provincial Government of the Japanese and Puppet Japanese and Nationalist governments.
When I came to Baoding in the 1970s and 1980s, this was the seat of the Baoding Municipal Party Committee, and naturally idle people were exempted from entering.
In January 1988, it was announced by the State Council as the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units. The original office unit was vacated and renovated for tourists to visit.
Outside the gate of the Governor's Office, the original building has long ceased to exist, and in 1994 two flagpoles with a height of 33.6 meters were re-erected in front of the gate. The black three-bay gate of the Governor's Office, facing north and south, is located on a 1-meter-high staircase, and a plaque hangs in the middle of the gate, which was originally the Yongzheng Imperial Book "Directly Subordinate to the Governor's Department".
The office is divided into three roads, east, middle and west, built on the central axis of the north-south direction, with the front hall and the back of the temple. After entering the gate, the yimen, the lobby, the second hall, the third hall, the official residence, the upper room, etc., are lined up, and are equipped with left and right ear rooms, box rooms, etc. The closed pattern and the solemn atmosphere are sincerely frightening. Other auxiliary buildings such as the Flower Hall and the Shogunate Courtyard are arranged on the east and west roads. All buildings are bois-roofed, small hard hill buildings, and are a typical northern residential complex.
(Flagpole in front of the Governor's Office)
(Main Entrance, YiMen, Gongsheng Ming Arch)
(The lobby of the Governor's Office, october 1900 Gengzi Incident, the coalition army invaded Baoding.) Acting Governor Tingyong and other Qing officials followed the instructions of Li Hongzhang, the viceroy directly subordinate to him, to stay behind and greet him and "treat each other with courtesy", resulting in a hot face pasted with a cold ass, where the invaders opened the courtroom to interrogate Tingyong, Shen Jiaben and other Qing officials, and showed their heads to the public. The foreign invaders sat in the lobby of the Governor's Office to judge the officials of the Qing court who were tied up by five flowers, causing a groundbreaking shame and humiliation in the history of the Chinese nation and even in the history of world civilization.
(Governor's Office Hall 2)
(Front and back bedrooms)
(Separate the central axis from the ear room and the compartment)
It was getting late, and dinner tasted baoding's famous "Yan's donkey meat old shop" donkey meat fire, as well as Baoding flavor "fried scallion stew".
Baoding Military Academy (Baoding) Army Officer School, referred to as Baoding Military School, founded in 1912 in Baoding City, Hebei Province, is the first regular army military school in modern Chinese history, the site of the school was formerly known as the Qing Dynasty Beiyang Accelerated Military Academy, Beiyang Army Accelerated School, Army Officers Academy.
In November 1901, Li Hongzhang died of illness, and Yuan Shikai took over as the governor and minister of Beiyang. In the same year, according to the "Xinugu Treaty", the Qing army was not allowed to be stationed in Tianjin, and the Beiyang Military Training Training Camp at Xiaozhan was moved to Baoding.
In May 1902, with yuan shikai's permission, he opened the "Beiyang Xingying General Ben School" outside baoding Dongguan, with Feng Guozhang as the general office (that is, the principal). In February 1903, Yuan Shikai asked yuan shikai to open an army elementary school, an army middle school, a military officer school, and an army university hall for formal military education and training. In 1903, outside the Dongguan of Baoding, the "Beiyang Army Accelerated Military Preparation School" was built. From 1906 to 1911, the Army Department's Army Accelerated School, the Army Officers' Academy, and the Army Preparatory University Hall were opened at the Baoding Campus. This is the prototype of the predecessor of the Baoding Military Academy. Baoding Military Academy, which ran a total of nine sessions, was discontinued in 1923. In May 2006, the former site of the Baoding Army Officer School was approved by the State Council to become the sixth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
In china's modern military history, the military academies that were once famous were the Baoding Military Academy and the up-and-coming Huangpu Military Academy, which was popular. Compared with the two, from the perspective of history, student origin, academic system, and graduates, Baoding Military Academy is the originator, scholar and big brother of Chinese military schools.
Compared with the quality of students and the academic system, the Whampoa Military Academy from all over the country's enthusiastic knowledge of young people, enrollment only needs simple basic cultural, political examinations and physical fitness tests, the first to fifth period of the actual study system is only half a year to one year, equivalent to the teaching team training class, after which the school system has been extended.
The source of students from the Baoding Military Academy came from a government-run army primary school in the provinces at the end of the Qing Dynasty, and after graduating from the army primary school, the best could be promoted to the four army middle schools in Wuchang, Nanjing, Xi'an, and Beijing Qinghe. After graduating from the Army Middle School, he was incorporated into the Baoding Military Academy's enlisted cadet corps, lived in the Baoding Military Academy's affiliated branch after half a year of military service, and formally entered the Baoding Military Academy after examination to begin two-year study. After that, the school system was reformed, and the graduates of ordinary middle schools were directly selected and sent to the combat company to live for 9 months, and those who passed were sent to the military academy to study. Strict selection and a complete school system, crushing the Whampoa Military Academy is naturally not a problem.
The principals (general offices) who taught at the Baoding Military Academy were: Feng Guozhang (President of the Republic of China), Duan Qirui (Premier of the Republic of China), and Jiang Baili (Army General and famous military theorist). Graduates include: Chiang Kai-shek, Wu Peifu, Sun Chuanfang, Li Jishen... I don't need to list them too much. Baoding Military Academy has held nine sessions, with more than 6,000 graduates. If you count from the Beiyang Armed Forces Academy, the Baoding Military Academy has trained nearly 10,000 officers, of whom more than 1,600 have received the rank of general. These people spread all over the military and political circles at that time, forming a huge "Baoding Military Academy System" and playing a very important role in China's modern political arena.
Outstanding Alumni (Guojun Xu ren and posthumously recognized as second-class general and lieutenant general plus general titles): Zhang Qun, Jin Yunlu, Tang Shengzhi, Wang Bailing, Jiang Guangnai, Zhou Jie, Zhang Dulun, Yan Daogang, Yang Aiyuan, Su Bingwen, Liu Wendao, Men Zhizhong, Wang Tianpei, Li Pinxian, Sun Chu, Sun Zhen, Chen Mingshu, Wan Yaohuang, Tian Songyao, Deng Xihou, Chen Jijie, Liu Zhi, Liu Wenhui, Qin Dechun, Liao Lei, Xiong Shihui, Zhu Shaozhou, Xu Tingyao, Xia Wei, Zhao Guantao, Huang Shaohu, Zhou Pi, He Jian, Zhang Zhen, Zhang Zhizhong, Bai Chongxi, Liu Jian, Zhang Yinwu , Wang Jingguo, Zhao Chengshou, Lu Yinglin, Fu Zuoyi, Lai Shihuan, Chu Xichun, Zhou Hunyuan, Hao Mengling, Yu Hanmou, Wu Qiwei, Li Wentian, Shangguan Yunxiang, Deng Longguang, Lü Chao, Yang Jie, Li Hanling, Gu Zhutong, Guo Chen, Huang Qixiang, Huang Zhenqiu, Han Deqin, Chen Cheng, Liu Zhennian, Zhou Zhirou, Luo Zhuoying, Liu Duoquan, Guo Jijiao, Qian Dajun, Wang Zanxu, Xue Yue, Yu Hanmou, Shang Zhen, Liu Zhi, Liu Xing, etc.
In the early days of the establishment of the Whampoa Military Academy, nearly a hundred people, including Instructors from baoding Military Academy below the school leadership level and instructors at all levels, including Chiang Kai-shek, Li Jishen, Wang Bailing, Deng Yanda, Serious, He Sui, Chen Cheng, Gu Zhutong, Zhou Zhirou, and Qian Dajun. Among them, the famous communists Jin Fozhuang, Zhou Sicheng, Zhang Yan, Mao Tingzhen, Fan Xing, Xu Jian and so on.
In addition to Chiang Kai-shek (principal) and Li Jishen (party representative) Wang Bailing (chief education) at the school leadership level, in the Huangpu Military Academy Admissions Experimental Committee, Chairman Chiang Kai-shek, and six of the nine members are Baoding students: Wang Bailing, Deng Yanda, Serious, Qian Dajun, Hu Shusen, and Jian Zuozhen. Deng Yanda, the chief and deputy captain of the first student corps of the Whampoa Military Academy, and 3 of the 4 captains of the student corps were Baoding students: Jin Fozhuang, Lü Mengxiong, and Mao Yanzhen. It shows that there is no Baoding Military Academy, so why come to the Whampoa Military Academy?
During the Xinhai Revolution, Baoding military cadets played a backbone role, and Shi Congyun, Huang Zhimeng and other martyrs bravely sacrificed their lives. During the Northern Expedition, Baoding cadets served as commanders at the army, division, and regimental levels in the Northern Expeditionary Army, while Whampoa cadets only served as lower-level officers at the company platoon level.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the commanders and deputy commanders of the twelve theaters of the Kuomintang Army, Baoding Military Academy students, accounted for 29 people, while the Whampoa Military Academy students were only Hu Zongnan, Fan Hanjie, and Li Yannian. On the mainstay of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, it is none other than the Baoding Military Academy.
Six of the generals of the so-called "Eight Great Kongs" who followed Chiang Kai-shek to participate in the anti-communist civil war were from the Baoding Military Academy: Chen Cheng, Zhang Zhizhong, Liu Zhi, Gu Zhutong, Chen Jizhi, and Qian Dajun.
Baoding military academy students also emerged many communists, Ye Ting, Jin Fozhuang, Xu Fanting, Wang Yizhe, Ji Fang, Sun Zhongde, Han Zhenji, Wu Shi, Chen Baocang, He Jifeng, and Zhang Kexia.
At the beginning of the year, he went to Guangdong to visit the Whampoa Military Academy, and this time he visited the Baoding Military Academy, the first and famous military school in modern China.
After the baoding military academy was discontinued in 1923, it had a bad fate, was looted, was occupied as a barracks by the Kuomintang army and the Japanese occupation army, and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, it also became a barracks for the troops. Now it has been restored and rebuilt as it was, and it has been opened to the public free of charge as the Baoding Military Academy Museum.
Tang County fell ma guan
Chumaguan is located in The Village of Chumaguan in Chumaguan Township, 60 kilometers northwest of Tang County, Baoding City. The upside-down horse pass is named because the mountain road is steep and the war horse often falls here. At the beginning of the Warring States period, it was called Hongzhi Sai, the Han Dynasty was called Changshan Pass, the Northern Wei was called Tieguan, also known as Hongshan Pass, and after the Ming Dynasty, it was commonly known as The Fallen Horse Pass. The existing Guancheng was built in the third year of Ming Jingtai (1452 AD), and then underwent another large-scale repair in the first year of Chenghua (1465 AD).
It is located at the eastern foot of taihang Mountain, bordered by the Inner Great Wall to the north and backed by the Tang River. To the southeast is the dangerous Eighteen PanLing Mountains. Since ancient times, the fall of maguan has been a strategic point. According to the Book of Later Han, in the fifteenth year of Jianwu (39 AD), because the Xiongnu often invaded the northern border of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Eastern Han government relocated the residents of Yanmen, Dai County, and Shanggu County to live in Changshan Pass (Falling Horse Pass) and east of Juyong Pass to prevent the Invasion of the Xiongnu, which shows the barrier effect of Falling Ma Pass.
The Reverse Horse Pass is located on an ancient passage called the "Lingqiu Road". According to the Wei Shu Gaozu Ji, in the sixth year of Taihe (482 AD), 50,000 people from prefectures and counties were mobilized to cultivate the Lingqiu Dao. Lingqiu Road started from Pingcheng (northeast of Datong City, Shanxi) in the north, crossed Hengshan Mountain in the south, followed the Lingqiu Below, followed the present-day Tang River Valley Road out of the Taihang Mountains, and reached Zhongshan (present-day Dingxian County, Hebei) in the south, which was the main traffic route from the northern part of the Shanxi Plateau to the North China Plain at that time, and The Reverse Horse Pass was an important pass on this road.
The Great Wall has built "Outer Three Passes" and "Inner Three Passes" in the northwest of the capital, the "Outer Three Passes" are Ningwu Pass, Biantou Pass, and Yanmen Pass, and the "Inner Three Passes" are Juyong Pass, Bauhinia Pass, and Reverse Horse Pass.
A stone stele is preserved nearby, and the inscription reads: "Where the Song general Yang Liulang refused to defend." Yang Yanzhao was a native of Hezhou (present-day Taiyuan, Shanxi), who was an envoy to Baozhou (保州, in modern Baoding, Hebei) during the reign of Emperor Zhenzong of Song, and was later promoted to a defensive envoy of Baozhou for his meritorious service against the Liao. Yang Yanzhao guarded the border town for more than 20 years, and the Liao soldiers were very afraid, and for thousands of years, many literati scholars went to The Backward Horse Pass to hang the Liulang Monument and praised the immortal achievements of Yang Liulangwei Town Sanguan.
According to records, the total length of the original Seki castle was about 2. 5 kilometers, the city covers an area of about 70,000 square meters, there are city towers on the east and west gates, surrounded by ditches outside, south of the mountain, north of the Tang River, the city wall on the enemy tower 7. Seki Castle has three gates: east, west and north. There is an urn city outside the east and west gates, and the east urn city has two gates, north and south. There is only one south gate in Xi'ou City, and about 100 meters west of the South Gate, there is a Shuiguan Battle Tower on the bank of the Tang River, and there is a relevant gate downstairs, which is the only passage from the lower city to the upper city. The main street in the city is 12 meters wide, and there was originally a two-story military parade building in the middle of the cross street, with a cross passage on the upper floor, and the north of the building is the location of the official office, with a lobby, a second hall and a third hall.
The above-mentioned buildings are almost completely absent today, and when the provincial highway was built on the basis of the original "Lingqiu Road", in order to avoid digging holes in the mountains, the only way to completely demolish the original Guancheng was to widen the road. The government and villagers have no sense of protection, the original bricks and stones have been demolished and diverted for other purposes, and the broken walls can be faintly identified on the steep rocks. There are no traces of the fallen horse pass in the village. According to the villagers, one of the main streets in the village is the original castle center. Asking the local villagers about the remains of The Fallen Horse Pass, the reply was: "Ha (that) what did you see?" ”
Finally, on the side of the road a hundred meters away from the village, I found a broken city gate hole that was the only remaining fruit, and it was impossible to verify which part of the city gate belonged to the reverse horse guanguan city, the urn city? Or the Battle Tower? However, in the end, there was no trip in vain, and it was worth the trip to see the ruins of the fallen horse pass. Since then, I have walked through all the important passes of the Great Wall one by one and fulfilled my wish.
Tomb of Prince Qingyi
Yixian Prince Yin Xiangyuan Bed, located in the junction of Fangshan District of Beijing and Laishui County of Baoding City, Shiting Town, East Yingfang Village, Xiyunshui Xiyu, 30 miles northwest of Laishui County, once had an area of more than 600 acres, circumference of more than 40 Miles, commonly known as the "Tomb of the Thirteenth Master", is the largest in the history of the Qing Dynasty, the highest specifications, the only hope of the pillar of the Tomb of the Prince.
The tomb was built in the eighth year of Qing Yongzheng (1730). Yin Xiang was the most loyal and effective assistant before and after Yongzheng's reign, and was given the title of Prince of Yi by Yongzheng, the leader of the household department, because of his meritorious service in governing Gyeonggi, he gave the imperial book "loyalty, sincerity, honesty, diligence and honesty", and in the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730), Yin Xiang died of illness, and Yongzheng quit the dynasty for three days, and was ordered to enjoy the Temple of worship and build a garden.
In order to guard this mausoleum, the Qing government set up a garrison of the Shuidong Battalion, two members of the Qianzong, two members of the general staff, and set up a garden bed guard, two barracks in the east and west. The east barracks are garrisoned with horse infantry, and the west barracks are garrisoned with members of the Huling Banner Clan. After Qianlong ascended the throne, he was also hereditary replaced by his thirteenth uncle and became the Iron Hat King. During the Qing Dynasty, the garden was forbidden, heavily guarded, and powerful.
After the fall of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, the officers and soldiers of the Tomb Protector scattered, and the tomb of the solemn and solemn King's Tomb was reduced to a masterless and lonely tomb, which was successively looted by various warlords. In 1925, Ma Ruiyun, deputy commander of the First Army of the Zhenwei Army, forcibly cut down the pine berlin on the Longgang of Yixian Tomb and transported the fallen trees to the villages for forced auction. In 1935, He was sent by Song Zheyuan to Laishui county magistrate Wang Zuozhou and a battalion of troops brought with him to supervise more than 80 tomb robbers for public construction, and looted all the treasures buried in the tomb.
Since then, the tomb has gradually fallen, and after the tomb was dug up, not even the grave bag was left. According to a local farmer in his eighties, he had never seen the grave bag of the thirteenth master when he was a child, and another old farmer in his seventies told that when he was a child, he followed his father to pick up bricks and stones in the grave bag area to build a wall. Surely it is not the old farmers who do this alone, as the saying goes, "the wall is pushed by everyone", under the joint action of the vast number of villagers in the surrounding areas, all the ground hall buildings are currently gone. Only stone buildings such as monuments, archways, bridges, and Huabiao that cannot be moved are left, standing alone in the green forest.
Yin Xiangyuan sleeps facing west and east, the Shinto is about 3 miles long, and the front of the Shinto is the Shinto monument, the dragon's head and the turtle. The yang side of the stele is engraved with 17 characters in Manchu and Chinese characters: "Zhongjing, Honesty, Honesty, Diligence, Honesty, Honesty, honesty, and The Shinto Monument of Prince Shuo Yixian". To the west of Shinto is a stone flame arch with three pillars, and a flame orb in the middle of the upper forehead of each door. After the flame arch is a five-hole arch bridge, after the five-hole bridge erected a second stone arch, three doors, four pillars and seven floors, extremely beautifully built, can be compared with the Qing Dongling, Qing Xiling Erling stone arch, in the Qing Dynasty Wang Ye Tomb there are two arches in the few.
Further west of the archway there is a pair of Optimus Primes lined up next to the road. Optimus Prime is the Huabiao, and the Huabiao of the Wangye Mausoleum is different from the Optimus Prime on the four sides of the Great Monument of the Emperor's Mausoleum. The huabiao of the emperor's mausoleum, the pillar is coiled with a cloud dragon, and the sumeria seat is ringed with a stone railing. Although the pillar of The Optimus Prime, which is also eight edges, is carved with two dragons on each side, the dragon head above is facing upwards, and the dragon tail below is facing upwards, for a total of 16 dragons. The stone pedestal is surrounded by no stone balustrades. There is also a Shinto stele pavilion behind the original Chinese watch, on which is engraved the Yongzheng Imperial Inscription, which no longer exists. In the tomb of a prince in the Qing Dynasty, there is only one example where a prince has two dragon stele.
At present, a pair of Wangtian roars on the top of The Yixian King's Tomb Hua watch have been stolen and later recovered, but the suspects have been on the run, and the pair of Wangtian roars have not been reinstalled, looking bald and very awkward.
There is a five-hole bridge on the Shin road, the bridge deck has collapsed, and the bridge rails on both sides have been missing, and the holes in the bridge railing can be clearly seen. There are also two single-hole stone bridges on the road, almost buried in the soil.
The only remaining cemetery landscape in Prince Yi's garden is the same as that of the upside-down horse pass, there are almost no tourists to see, and there is no maintenance, but such a "wild scene" just reflects the truth of history, if it is overdeveloped, the whole is like a flower melon, there is nothing to see.
(Shinto Stele)
(Flame Arch)
(Five-hole bridge)
(Three doors, four pillars, seven-story archway)
(Huabiao)
(Single-hole stone bridge)
(Tomb Ruins)