"Learning to strengthen the country" Huzhou learning platform, Huzhou release, Huzhou Evening News, love Huzhou jointly launched the column "Huzhou Taste", through personal memory and research to restore the city scene, showing Huzhou's style, flavor, atmosphere and demeanor at all stages of history. In addition to invitations, netizens are also welcome to submit articles, and the remuneration is excellent. Manuscripts can be sent to [email protected], please write "Huzhou taste" on the subject.
The full text is 3479 words and takes about 15 minutes to read
"Taste of Huzhou" Invited Author: Song Gaowen
Submission email: [email protected]
The tomb of Chen Yingshi at the southern foot of Da Nang Mountain
Huzhou City South Da Nan Da Shan is a famous historical and cultural mountain, because Tang Li Shizhi and Yan Zhenqing, two celebrities, have successively led guests to drink and write poems, and the good stories of feasting and collecting sentences have condensed the elegance of the literati of all generations. On May 18, 1917, the remains of Chen Yingshi, a modern Chinese democratic revolutionary, an elder of the Chinese League, and a martyr of the Xinhai Revolution, were buried in the southern foothills of Da Nang Mountain, adding hardness and heroism to Da Nang Mountain. On May 18, 1916, in order to oppose Yuan Shikai's restoration of the imperial system, Chen Yingshi instigated the Shanghai Uprising without success, and was assassinated by Yuan Shikai and Zhang Zongchang at the age of 38 in his apartment at No. 14 Saposai Road in Shanghai. After the murder, Sun Yat-sen, who was far away in Japan, wrote the four words "Lost My Great Wall" to the extreme, and he struggled to write a letter of mourning: "Poor LinFeng offers to the dead; so the country and mountains are waiting to be removed." On May 20, in a letter to Huang Xing, he said: "The British soldier is loyal to revolutionarism, brave in his deeds, never returns, and is a rare man of the People's Party", and praised him as "the first meritorious servant of the revolution".
Chen Yingshi calligraphy
Chen Qimei (1878-1916), the character Yingshi, the number of Wuwei, Huzhou people. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the ancestors of the Chen clan settled in Wuxing Donglin, and since the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty, Jian Su Gongke started as a great court lieutenant, and the fifth emperor was honored with the name of eunuch Qiyi, and praised himself as "the fifth generation of Qichang". The Donglin Chen clan moved to Hucheng at the end of the Ming Dynasty and built a residence "Wuchangli" in the pre-school of the Island Province. Chen Qimei's father, named Chen Yanyou, had three sons, the eldest son, Chen Qiye, the father of Chen Guofu and Chen Lifu. The second son, Chen Qimei, was a member of the Character Yingshi. The third son, Chen Qicai. Chen Yingshi's former residence is a typical Jiangnan traditional residential complex, there are still two-way buildings, the west road is composed of three-entry buildings, of which the first building "Cuncheng Hall" is the place where people from all walks of life in Huzhou held a memorial service after Chen Yingshi was killed.
Chen Yingshi Rong costume
Chen Yingshi spent his childhood and adolescence in Wuchangli. Huzhou has so far circulated many heroic stories of Chen Yingshi's youth, saving his friends in the fire at the age of 7, curing horses at the age of 10, and Chen was a leader among friends of the same age when he was a child. Chan Yingshi studied in private school for seven years, dropped out of school at the age of 15 to work as an apprentice in a pawnshop in Chongfu Town. When he was an apprentice, Chen Yingshi practiced calligraphy when he had time and practiced a good hand. He read a large number of old and new books, learned about world events and national conditions through books and newspapers, and also enabled him to initially be influenced by the democratic trend of thought from books and newspapers. He paid special attention to customs and human feelings, and thought that folk worship of Buddha and superstition and other behaviors were ridiculous. At the age of 16, on the occasion of the birthday of the old calendar City God, groups of worshippers came to the City God Temple. He went to the temple of hell, took advantage of the lack of preparation, came out with one of the most vicious-looking dolls, placed it in the urination, and laughed, saying, "You have been receiving the incense of the people for no reason, and now you are punished to guard the toilet." "The next day, he was found and sent back to the temple. Furious, he still took it back and destroyed it, throwing it into the pool of drowning.
Old shadow of Chen Yingshi's former residence before restoration
The restored former residence of Chen Yingshi
Restored Valley Hall
In 1905, at the age of 27, Chen Yingshi went to Shanghai to work as an accountant with Kangtaisi. In 1906, at the age of 28, he traveled east to Japan, joined the League in the winter of the same year, became acquainted with Dr. Sun Yat-sen, and began a vigorous 10-year revolutionary career. In the spring of 1908, Chen Yingshi returned to Shanghai and contacted party members in Shanghai, Zhejiang, Beijing, Tianjin and other places, actively engaged in the democratic revolution that overthrew the Manchu Qing government. From 1909 to 1910, he successively founded the "China Bulletin" and "Minsheng CongBao" in Shanghai, and assisted Yu Youren, Song Jiaoren and others in organizing the "Minli Bao" to carry out revolutionary propaganda to overthrow the Manchu Qing. In 1911, together with Song Jiaoren and others, he founded the Central General Association of the Chinese League in Shanghai, chen Yingshi was promoted to the position of minister of affairs, and in the same year, he and Huang Xing launched the Guangzhou Uprising, and returned to Shanghai after failure.
Chen Yingshi Memorial Wall
On October 10, 1911, the Xinhai Revolution broke out, and Chen Yingshi led the Jiangsu and Zhejiang revolutionaries to respond immediately, and contacted the Shanghai Business Group to launch an uprising in Shanghai on November 3. After the restoration of Shanghai, Chen Yingshi was promoted to be the governor of Shanghai. On the one hand, it quickly stabilized the social order in Shanghai, on the other hand, it dispatched troops, provided financial support to the important cities of the three provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui, attacked Nanjing with all its might, and finally won victory, bringing about major changes in the revolutionary situation in crisis. On New Year's Day 1912, Dr. Sun Yat-sen was inaugurated as the provisional president in Nanjing, and the Republic of China was officially proclaimed. When Sun Yat-sen later recounted the incident, he said: "The most powerful response of the times, and the one who has the greatest influence on the whole country, shanghai. Chen Yingshi actively carried out here, so once Hankou was lost, Yingshi was able to take Shanghai to reach it. ”
On November 8, 1914, Chen Qimei (front row, first from right) took a group photo with Sun Yat-sen and others
Chen Yingshi once said to Yuan Shikai: "I will oppose anyone who overthrows the republic, and I should support those who support the republic." In the face of Yuan Shikai's traitor and restoration, Sun Yat-sen raised an army to beg Yuan, chen Yingshi responded positively, was pushed to be the commander-in-chief of Shanghai to court Yuan, and declared Shanghai independence, but failed two months later. Later, after following Sun Yat-sen to live in Japan and reorganize the revolutionary front, Chen Yingshi agreed with Sun Yat-sen's proposition that "the revolution must seek complete success and never compromise halfway" and supported Sun Yat-sen's organization of the Chinese Revolutionary Party. Chen was appointed Minister of General Affairs of the "Chinese Revolutionary Party". In order to launch a new campaign against Yuan, Chen was ordered by Sun to return to China many times, running back and forth, poor and sick, Yuan Shikai once bribed with huge sums of money without success, and he held a grudge. Chen Yingshi presided over military operations in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, once presided over party affairs in Shanghai, and served as the commander of the Shanghai Commandery, during which he participated in the planning of the assassination of Yuan Shikai's minions, the Shanghai town guard Zheng Rucheng, and launched the Zhaohe warship uprising, but without success. Zhang Zongchang, who was instructed by Yuan Shikai, sent Cheng Guorui to deceive Chen into signing a contract at No. 14 Sapo Sai Road in Shanghai in the name of aiding Yuan yuan, and as a result, Chen Zhongji was shot and killed.
In the autumn of 1911, Chen Yingshi took a group photo with Song Jiaoren and others
Chen Yingshi's revolution for ten years is very legendary. Mr. Yu Youren has a poem for him, "Ten years of salary and courage are left to die, and a hundred battles and rivers and mountains hang the country." The domineering Jiangdong has been scattered for a long time, and the hero's cause is self-respecting." Chen Yingshi called himself a scholar, "his beauty is a bookworm", but he has a heroic and chivalrous personality, is brave and decisive in doing things, and is known for his "four shortcuts", that is, quick speech, quick ideas, quick means, and quick actions. Chen Yingshi has a mantra: "Husbands are not afraid of death, afraid of not succeeding in things", he gave people an inscription book to always love to write a strong word: "Death is not afraid of death, life is not secretly born." Boys' Day, light and day. The Tao is straight, not afraid to cook. Alone, the Great Wall. "There are thousands of people who are not righteous, and none of them are self-sufficient", looking at his ink, they are all ink and ink, domineering and arrogant on the paper. Shao Yuanchong commented: "In his life, he did not know that there were so-called difficult setbacks, always moving forward, always struggling. Cai Yuanpei said that he could be listed on a par with the chivalrous warriors of all generations, and praised him as "the first hero of the Republic of China".
Statue of Chen Yingshi Prancing Horse on the Lawn of Lonely Mountain in West Lake, Hangzhou
Statue of Chen Yingshi on the shore of the West Lake in Hangzhou during the Republic of China period
In the "Martyrs of the Xinhai Revolution", Chen Yingshi was considered a late bloomer, and joined the League in Japan, but was not valued at first, and he did not participate in the early military activities after the establishment of the League. However, in his last ten years, it was like a different peak, repeatedly standing on the cusp of the wind, making people look sideways. Wuchang Shouyi, Chen Yingshi and others decided to "move Shanghai first, Suzhou and Hangzhou responded, in order to save the danger of Wuhan", and rose to the throne of the Shanghai Military Governor in one fell swoop, becoming a pivotal figure in the political arena of the early Ming Dynasty. On Chen Yingshi's way to the governor of the Shanghai Army, there are two things worth mentioning: First, when Chen led his troops to attack the Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau, the most stubborn fortress of the Qing government, he lost twice, and he actually went into the bureau alone to persuade Zhang Shiheng, the general office of the manufacturing bureau, to submit to the situation, and as a result, he was detained and almost killed. This shows chen Yingshi's special characteristics of "not being afraid of death" and "taking risks as his duty"; second, how Chen Yingshi, who has only been active in Shanghai for two years, can achieve success in one battle and hold the authority of the governor. In fact, Chen Yingshi has his own very popular place, he is a businessman, he used to be a businessman for 12 years in his early years; he is the big leader of the party and has a great influence in the Shanghai gang; he is also a member of the Nanshe Society, and has a deep relationship with Shao Lizi and others; he is a newspaperman, Chen pays attention to public opinion propaganda, and has successively participated in or founded the "China Gazette", "Minsheng Congbao" and "Minli Bao" in Shanghai. Huzhou merchants were quite influential in Shanghai Beach, and many of them were related to Chen Yingshi... I would like to ask you, how many people like him are mentally active, bold, fierce, and widely related? In such a strange society as Shanghai Beach, if it were not for him, who would be able to open the situation?
A collection of commemorative essays by Chen Yingshi of the Republic of China
A month after Chen Yingshi's death, Mr. Sun Yat-sen wrote another memorial to Chen Yingshi, paying a deep tribute to Chen Yingshi, with sincere affection: "On June 21, the fifth year of the Republic of China, Sun Wen was ashamed of his sake and paid homage to the spirit of chen Junyingshi, the former governor of the capital: Woo Yingshi, born as a master, died as a ghost. Only in the kingdom, the beginning with the heavens..." On August 13, revolutionaries gathered at the Shangxian Hall on Xiafei Road in the French Concession of Shanghai to solemnly hold the "Memorial Meeting for Mr. Chen Yingshi and the Martyrs Of the Martyrdom Since the Fall of the Ugly". Dr. Sun Yat-sen and Tang Shaoyi said in the "Book of Asking the State to Bury Chen Yingshi": "Tracing the life of Chen Jun's son, before the restoration, running for revolution, hanging for more than ten years, during which he was generous and righteous, he joined hands with Haojie, secretly bravely advanced, and a number of endangered people. ...... Created in Shanghai... After that, Jinling was negatively consolidated, and the righteous divisions of the provinces gathered to attack the ring, and the capital of the salary and equipment was taken from the Shanghai army, Chen Juncuo should be Yuru, and there was no shortage of soldiers, and his contribution to the Republic of China was already great. This is Dr. Sun Yat-sen's highest evaluation of Chen Yingshi. In April 1917, on the anniversary of Chen Qimei's martyrdom, Sun Yat-sen issued a "Circular on the Burial of Chen Junying's Soldiers" to the members of the Chinese Revolutionary Party, saying that he was "a brilliant deed of merit,...... The only pillar of our party". ShiRen commented that "among the martyrs of the Xinhai Revolution and during the Kuomintang regime, only Chen Qimei was the only one who received such lofty treatment." The Dictionary of the Xinhai Revolution xu zhi as "a bourgeois democratic revolutionary with insights, deeds, and contributions."
The archway in front of Chen Yingshi's tomb
Tombstone inscribed by Sun Yat-sen
On May 18, 1917, chen Yingshi's remains were buried in the southern foothills of Da Nang Mountain in Huzhou, and Hu Hanmin represented President Li Yuanhong as the chief priest. In front of the tomb, Chen Yingshi wrote a couplet by himself: "Support the danger, the cause of the sun and the moon; Cheng Ren takes righteousness, and bows down to the heavenly people." In the middle of the archway in front of the tomb is Sun Yat-sen's handwritten "Cheng Ren ZhiYi", the left banner is Lin Sen's inscription "Haoqi Eternal Survival", and the right banner is Chiang Kai-shek's "Spiritual Immortality". The Middle Gate Couplet was inscribed by Cai Yuanpei: "Anecdotal evidence is sufficient, which can supplement the Ranger's cargo breeding two passes; the former sage does not let it, and Xun is a first-class Lu Lianzi room." The couplet on both sides because of the inscription on the right is: "Spring tastes autumn and the tears of the people, and the mountains and lakes light the martyrs' graves." The stone stele in front of the tomb is engraved with Sun Yat-sen's handwritten "Tomb of Chen Gongyingshi". Along both sides of the stone wall of the mausoleum is an arc-shaped platform, which can be ascended to the distance, and the lake and mountains can be seen in full view. The hexagonal pavilion above the cemetery also has a memorial to Chen Yingshi. The first link is: "Its southwest peaks, the forest is beautiful; when the spring and autumn are good, the song and laughter are yusi." Another link is: "The sky is falling a lot, years and years, Huanghuagang bank; the sense of autumn in front of the eyes, wind and rain, the blue wave lake." In 1996, he published the "Yang Chen Qimei Mr. Yang Lian Series", which actually reached a staggering nearly 800 pages, "Cheng Ren", "taking righteousness", "famous works in the four seas", "personality writings in a thousand autumns" and so on are the key words of Yang Lian. Chen Yingshi's heroic spirit, sacrificing his life and dying and the entanglement of violence and wantonness make people feel full of emotions. Some scholars have summarized Chen Yingshi's personality traits with "the total flow of the valley at the tip of the waves". Indeed, Chen Yingshi is a revolutionary who does not relax, is brave and vigorous, and is not afraid of sacrifice once he has identified the goal.
Majestic pavilion at the top of Da Nang Mountain
The front of the pavilion overlooks the entire cemetery
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Source: Huzhou Release
Draft: Lou Ting
Editor: Juanjuan Huang
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Taihu WangXian County
Photographed in Taihu Subdistrict, Changxing County
Photography: Zou Li
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