Zizhi Tongjian Volume 92
In December of the first year of the reign of Emperor Yongchang of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Later Zhao Puyang was waiting for Zhang Bin to die, and later Zhao Wang Le wept, saying: "Heaven does not want to become an evil thing for me, and he will rob my right marquis of the morning!" 'Cheng Yi is the right long history, Hui, the uncle of Shizi Hong. Le Every time he disagreed with the reverie, he sighed and said, "Wouldn't it be cool for the Right Hou to leave me to work with this generation!" "Because of the runny nose.
Zhang Bin, the character Mengsun, Zhao County, Zhongqiu Renye, Zhang Bin's father Zhang Yao was Zhongshan Taishou. Zhang Bin was studious since childhood and read a lot of scriptures. When he was young, he was ambitious and said to his brother: "I think that my wisdom is not inferior to Zhang Liang, but I have not met Han Gaozu." Later, he served as the governor of the Zhongshun King's account, but he was dismissed from office due to illness.
First, discerning the pearls
The Book of Jin records that in the Great Rebellion of Yongjia, Shi Le was the general of Liu Yuanhai's auxiliary Han Dynasty, and went down to Shandong with the generals, and Bin Zhi personally knew: "I have seen many generals, and General Duhu can achieve great things with him." Nai Ti Sword Gate, shouted please see, Le Wei Zhi Qi ye. After the gradual rule, it is different, and it is led to the mastermind. The opportunity is not vain, there is no exhaustive strategy, the foundation of Chengle, and the honor of bin.
After the Rebellion of the Eight Kings of the Western Jin Dynasty and the Rebellion of Yongjia, the Great Chaos of the Central Plains. At that time, Shi Le was a general under liu yuan, the lord of the Han dynasty. Zhang Binhui saw people and said to his relatives: "I have seen many generals, and only General Hu (Note: Shi Le is a Hu person, so Zhang Bin calls him General Hu) can achieve great things with him." Subsequently, Naiti sword army gate, shouted to see, there is really a haoshi style, he defected to Shi Le's tent as a strategist.
Shi Le did not reuse him at first. But later with Zhang Bin's number of Ceganle, it has been as said, Le Yu is strange. He gradually attached importance to him, became the mastermind, and consulted him, and his planning strategy was not vain, and it was Zhang Bin's merits that achieved Shi Le's foundation. Zhang Bin himself became a first-class strategist in the Sixteen Kingdoms.
Second, kill Wang Mi wisely
Shi Le turned to war and tun troops in the Jianghan area, and from October of the fourth year of Yongjia to the first month of the fifth year (301-311), after three or four months, he "wanted to have the ambition of the Jianghan Dynasty" ("JinShu Shi Le Zaiji") to prepare to defend Jiang and Han. Zhang Bin believed that this move was not possible, and persuaded Shi Lebei to return, but Shi Le did not comply, and Zhang Bin was made a lieutenant in the army, a consular room, a second sima and a special chief.
Later, due to the lack of food in the army, the epidemic was epidemic, and sima Rui, the evil king of Lang, sent troops to fight again, Shi Le had to follow the strategy of advocating the bin, and led his army north in the first month of the fifth year to cross the water. In February, he led an army to capture Xincai (新蔡, in present-day Henan), killed Sima Qi, the king of Xincaizhuang in Jin, at Nanton (present-day xiangcheng, Henan), and attacked Xuchang (徐昌, in modern Xuchangdong, Henan), beheading the Jin general Wang Kang of Pingdong.
At that time, Shi Le's army and Wang Mi's army were the two strongest teams in the Han army occupying the Central Plains. In September, Wang Mi's adviser Liu Tun persuaded Mi to join forces with his general Cao Ling (曹嶷), who was occupying Qingzhou (青州, in present-day northeastern Zibo, Shandong), to eliminate Shi Le.
Wang Mi then sent Liu Tun to summon Cao Ling to bring troops to the meeting; at the same time, he pretended to invite Shi Le to join Qingzhou. However, Liu Tun was captured and executed by Shi Le in the middle of the way, and Wang Mi's plot was revealed without knowing it. Just when the Mi generals Xu Mi and Gao Liang led their troops away, the Mi troops gradually declined. After Shi Le captured Gou Xi alive, Wang Mi wrote to Shi Le, deliberately saying: "What a god to forgive him when he is forgiven by Gou Xi!" Make Xi the public left, Mi the public right, the world is uncertain. Shi Le saw that this was a strategy of arrogant soldiers, that is, he said to Zhang Bin: "Wang Mi's position is heavy and humble, and I am afraid that he will become a former dog Yiye." Zhang Bin persuaded Shi Le to take advantage of the opportunity to seduce him, saying: "Prince Guan has the heart of Qingzhou, Sangzi Benbang, the pleasure of solid people's feelings, and the ming duke has no thoughts of the state? Those who did not return late, fearing that the Ming Gong would follow him, already had the will to rule the Gong, but did not get the pennies. Now do not want to, I am afraid that Cao Ling will return to the end, a total of wings, although the future wants to repent, what evil! Xu Mi was gone, and his army was slightly weaker, and judging by the fact that his control of the imperial palace was still strong, he could be tempted to destroy it" (Book of Jin · Shi Le Records). Shi Le from its calculations.
Wang Mi's army was in a confrontation with Liu Rui, a general at Shoushouchun (present-day Shou County, Anhui) in Jin, and the situation was critical, while Shi Le's army attacked Pengguan to "beggar" Chen Wu. Wang Mi asked Shi Le for reinforcements, but Shi Le did not allow it, and Zhang Bin said: "Ming Gong is often afraid that he will not be able to facilitate the prince, and today he will give me a favor with it." Chen Wuxiao, how can he be Kou? Wang Mirenjie will harm me" (Book of Jin, Shi Le Zai). Shi Le then personally led his army to the aid of Zhang Bin,defeated the Jin army and beheaded Liu Rui. "Mi Dayue is said to be deeply respected by Le, and there is no doubt about it" (Book of Jin, Shi Le Zai).
In October, Shi Le invited Wang Mi to a banquet at Yuwu (in present-day southeastern Sui County, Henan), and Wang Mi rushed to go despite the dissuasion of his subordinates. During the banquet, Shi Lefa ambushed wang mi and later annexed his men. Instead, he played the Han Emperor Liu Cong, saying that Wang Mi was killed for rebellion. Liu Cong sent envoys to reprimand Shi Le for killing the generals and not seeing the king, but because he knew that Shi Le was in full swing, he had to make him a general of Zhendong, oversee and merge the military forces of You'er Prefecture, and lead the state assassination history to appease his heart. In this way, Shi Le eliminated one of his major rivals when he was chasing deer in the Central Plains.
Third, intellectually suppress the people
In February of the sixth year of Yongjia (312), Shi Le's army prepared to attack Jianye in the south. Sima Rui, who was guarding Jianye, gathered Jiangnan forces at Shouchun and sent the Yangwei general Ji Zhandu to oversee the army against Shi Le. At that time, heavy rain fell in the Jianghuai area, and Shi Le's army suffered heavy casualties due to hunger and disease, and the military situation was urgent.
Shi Le summoned the generals and counselors to consult, and the right chief Shi Diao asked Shi Le to first ask Sima Rui for peace, asking to sweep away Heshuo to atone for his sins, and wait until Sima Rui's army returned to Jiangnan, and then slowly seek him. Shi Le let out a long sigh of sadness after hearing this.
The stalwart general Fu An asked Shi Le to go to a place high above the ground to avoid the water, and Shi Le said, "General, why are you timid?" Kong Cang and more than thirty other military generals requested that they each lead their troops to attack Shouchun at night, cut off the heads of Wudi's military generals, occupy their cities, eat their grain, and want to capture Danyang and pacify Jiangnan this year. Shi Le smiled and said, "This is really a brave general's plan!" "Give them a pair of armor and a horse."
Shi Le said to Zhang Bin, "What do you think?" ”
Zhang Bin said: "General, you have captured the capital, imprisoned the Tianzi of the Jin Dynasty, killed the princes and ministers, encroached on and insulted the concubines and princesses of the Jin Dynasty, and plucked your hair, which is not enough to count the sins of the general." How can you respect the Jin Dynasty as a subordinate? If you killed Wang Mi last year, you shouldn't have come here. Now, for hundreds of miles, it rains continuously in the sky, which is to tell the general that you should not stay here anymore.
Yecheng had three high platforms to defend strongly, bordering the Han capital city of Pingyang in the west, and fortresses on all sides across the mountains and rivers, and should be moved north to occupy there and operate the area north of the Yellow River. After the Hebei region is stabilized, there will be no one in the whole country who is above you.
The Jin Dynasty defended Shouchun, just afraid that you would attack Shouchun. When they heard that we had left, they were happy and satisfied that they could save themselves, and what effort did they have to pursue the rear of our army and carry out actions against our army? You should send a heavy team to start from the road to the north, and you should lead most of the army to Shouchun. After the heavy contingent has gone far, most of the army will slowly retreat, and what will be worried about what is going on? ”
Shi Le rolled up his sleeves and stroked his beard and said, "Zhang Jun's plan is good!" He also rebuked Diao And said, "Since you are my assistant, you should jointly accomplish great deeds, so how can you urge and persuade me to surrender?" Those who come up with this plan should be killed! But I know that you are timid and afraid, and I just forgive you. So he demoted Diao Bing to general and promoted Zhang Bin to Right Changshi. Known as the "Right Marquis".
Therefore, Le led the army to Ge Pi, sent Shi Hu Shuai to ride two thousand to Shouchun, met the Jin transport ship, the tiger soldiers fought for it, and ji Zhan was defeated. Zhan chased after a hundred miles, and before and Le Jun, He jie Chen waited for him; Zhan did not dare to attack and returned Shouchun. (Zizhi Tongjian Vol. 88).
Zhang Bin's talk is really a word to break the dreamer, there is the effect of daigo empowerment, the Shi Le army can not fight, can not fall, only the road of retreat can go, Zhang Bin expected that the Jin army has the intention of self-preservation and no enterprising, it can be said that there is the wisdom of the enemy before the enemy, the vision is very poisonous, it is really a wise man!
Third, a long-distance raid destroyed Wang Jun
After Shi Le arrived in the north and occupied Xiangguo, he had his own base area and changed the instability of the previous mobile operations, but he also faced the threat of The Eastern Jin Dynasty Sima Youzhou's assassin Shi Wangjun.
When Wang Jun placed hundreds of officials and indulged in sexual abuse, Shi Le had the heart to annex, and wanted to send someone to observe first. Some people said: "It is advisable to hear about Yang Hu and Lu Kangshu" Zhang Bin was ill at that time, and Shi Le personally went to ask him about his plan. Zhang Bin said: "Wang Jun's false three-part power, called the south side, although he knows jin, he really has the ambition of rebellion, and he must think of the hero and the cause of Tuji. The general's voice shook in the sea, and when he went, he was for survival, where he was for the light and heavy, junzhi wanted to be a general, and YuChu's move Han Xinye was also. The present power dispatches the envoy, the form of the insincere money, the suspicion of the birth, the sign of the figure, although the later is strange, there is nothing to set. He who has made great deeds must first be humbled, and he should be called a servant, but he is afraid that he has not yet believed, and the affairs of the sheep and the land have not been seen by the subjects."
According to Zhang Bin's plan, Shi Le took advantage of Wang Jun's self-reliance to present a generous gift to Wang Jun, expressing his support for his title as emperor and generously bribed Wang Jun's son-in-law Zao Song. At that time, Wang Jun's subordinate Fanyang (范陽; southwest of present-day Dingxing, Hebei) was a general who secretly sent envoys to Shi Le, who killed his emissaries and sent them to Wang Jun.
In the first month of the second year of Jin Jianxing (4th year of Han Jiaping, 314), the Jin court made Wang Jun the grand sima (大司馬), Du Du (都督幽), and Ji Prefecture (冀州), and Liu Kun (琨) as a general and a military governor of Du Prefecture (in present-day southwest Taiyuan), and sent emissaries to Xiangguo. Shi Le paralyzed Wang Jun, concealed his elite armor, showed weakness, and treated wang jun with great kindness, and returned the letter to Wang Jun, pretending that he would personally go to Youzhou in mid-March to persuade him; at the same time, he also wrote a letter to Zao Song, asking him to grant him the title of Governor of Hezhou and the Duke of Guangping to show his loyalty. Wang Jun's emissaries reported that Shi Le's troops were weak and that he had no second thoughts. So Wang Jun was even more arrogant and no longer vigilant.
In February, Shi Le led his troops to attack Youzhou day and night. When the army reached the Bai people (present-day Longyaoxi, Hebei), they were afraid that Liu Kun, Xianbei and Karasuma would attack each other, and the garrison did not move.
Zhang Bin said: "When a husband attacks an enemy country, he should be surprised. If the military is strict and does not work day by day, why should there be three worries? Shi Le said, "Well, why bother?" Zhang Bin said: "Peng Zu's stronghold of Youzhou, only three parts, now all rebel, but also for the revenge, this foreign silent aid to resist me." Youzhou is hungry and thrifty, everyone is vegetables, everyone is rebellious, and the A brigade is weak, so there is no strong army in this country to resist me. If the army is in the suburbs, it will fall apart. Now that the three sides are not quiet, the general will be able to hang his army for thousands of miles to conquer Youzhou. Light troops go back and forth, not more than twenty years. It will make the three parties move, and the potential foot will spin toes. It is advisable to do mechanical and electrical hair, not later. And although Liu Kun and Wang Jun have the same name as Jin, they are actually enemies. If you repair the note to Kun and send a pledge to please, Kun will be happy to get me, happy to be destroyed, and finally attack me without saving The Jun. ”
Shi Le said, "I can't do it, the Right Hou is gone, what doubts are there?"
So he sent an emissary to send a letter to Liu Kun, and Liu Kun not only did not help Wang Jun, but also gave Shi Le the convenience of marching.
In March, Shi Le's army reached Yishui (易水, in modern Xiong County, Hebei), but Wang Jun remained unsuspecting, and Shi Le's army quickly reached Jicheng. Fearing that there would be an ambush, Shi Le first marched thousands of cattle and sheep into the city, blocked the streets and alleys, and claimed to offer gifts, so that the Youzhou soldiers could not go to war, and immediately led the crowd into the city, killing more than 10,000 Youzhou soldiers, capturing Wang Jun, escorting Xiangguo to be beheaded, guarding the slaughter, and burning the jun palace and returning.
In this battle, Shi Le combined the use of space with the attack, and captured Youzhou in one fell swoop at a very small cost, laying a firm foundation for the establishment of Hou Zhao for the unification of the north.
Fourth, be in an important position, be honest and humble, and be cautious
In the second year of Jin Daxing (319), Zhang Bin, Shi Hu, Zhang Jing, and others saw that the time was ripe, so they asked Shi Le to officially declare himself emperor, and Shi Le pushed him to give way.
In November, Zhang Bin, together with Shi Hu, Zhang Jing, Zhi Quliu, Cheng Xiao and one hundred and twenty-nine other Wenwu people, jointly signed a petition and asked Shi Le to give him the honorific title. Shi Le accepted this suggestion, and immediately assumed the title of King of Zhao, changing his name to King Zhao in the first year, that is, using Xiangguo as the capital.
Because the Han lord Liu Yao had previously changed the name of the country to Zhao, the history was called Former Zhao; therefore, Shi Le was called Later Zhao.
Zhang Bin was crowned as a major law enforcer and was in charge of the imperial government. At that time, "Zhang Binren encountered excellent appearance, and the courtiers could not reach it; and the honesty and respect, the cheerful corporal, the screen of the private, with the body handsome, into the rules, out of the United States." Le is very important, and every dynasty is often justified, simple words, and does not dare to be named", Shi Yan Zhang Bin has the style of a minister.
In December 322 of the first year of the reign of Emperor Yongchang of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Emperor Puyang of Later Zhao waited for Zhang Bin to die.
Zhang Bin is one of the famous strategists in Chinese history, known in history as: the machine is not vain, there is no exhaustive strategy, quite Zhuge Kongming's divine clever calculation style, and is called the first strategist of the Sixteen Kingdoms by posterity.
In the Ming Dynasty novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Zhang Bin becomes Zhang Fei's grandson to inherit the mantle of Zhuge Liang and Jiang Wei, and the story of revenge with Liu Bei's grandson Liu Yuan and Zhao Yun's grandson Zhao Le later changed his name to Shi Le, although the storyline is inconsistent with historical facts, etc., it also gives Zhang Bin, a famous strategist in history, a mysterious color.
However, this novel is not well-known, coupled with the fact that The Later Zhao monarch Shi Le, who served Zhang Bin, was a Hu person, coupled with some atrocities committed by Shi Hu, Shi Le's nephew later, Zhang Bin was gradually forgotten by history, but we must understand that in the historical environment at that time, the old Zhuang metaphysics prevailed in the context of the Eastern Jin Dynasty's implementation of the rule of the shi clan, the modern national consciousness had not yet been born, and in the environment of the great turmoil of the times and the smoke of war, Zhang Bin's choice had his own objective reality. There is no need for us to be harsh on the historical ancients.
In any case, Zhang Bin's amazing wisdom and deeds should not be forgotten, he is like Zhuge Liang and Liu Bowen, emitting his own wisdom light and becoming the most precious wealth and memory of our country and nation.