Many people know tangerine peel, which has a good effect of rationalizing the spleen and drying and humidifying phlegm, and is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in clinical practice to treat diseases or health care. Tangerine peel is the ripe peel of a small tree orange. But from the fresh orange peel peeled by the ripe oranges picked to the tangerine peel used in clinical practice, it is not as simple as drying and drying.
Our commonly used tangerine peel is mainly divided into two categories: Sichuan tangerine peel and broad tangerine peel. Generally, the fresh orange peel peel peeled from the ripe oranges picked must be washed, sliced or striped, dried, and then steamed and dried three times, and then placed in a ventilated and dry place for more than three years, etc., in order to become our commonly used in clinical treatment of diseases or health care of the orange peel.
This process is the concoction of Chinese medicine, also known as cannon burning, repair, or cultivation. Our commonly used Herbs are generally derived from plants, animals and minerals from nature. We generally do not directly use raw herbs in the clinic, but to carry out general cleaning, repair, special treatment, etc. of these raw herbs, so that these medicinal materials can give full play to their efficacy, but also avoid or reduce adverse reactions, in line with the purpose of clinical drugs to the greatest extent, we call this process the preparation of traditional Chinese medicine.
Everyone has seen Chinese medicine, if you have been to the century-old Traditional Chinese medicine store Tongrentang to catch medicine, presumably have seen the couplet hanging at the door of the Tongrentang store, "Although the concoction is complicated, it does not dare to save labor, and although the taste is expensive, it does not dare to reduce material resources." This couplet not only witnesses the growth experience of Tongrentang, a three-hundred-year-old Chinese medicine shop, but also appropriately reflects the craftsmanship spirit of traditional Chinese medicine practitioners who are cautious and careful in the process of selecting and preparing Chinese medicines.
Because whether the preparation of Chinese medicine is appropriate or not is not only related to the effect of Traditional Chinese medicine, the rational preparation of a small number of toxic and potent drugs, but also an important measure to ensure the safety of medication, if it is prepared or used improperly, sometimes even life is at stake.
Ancient medical classics record that there is such a case, there is a cough and asthma patient invited a well-known local old Chinese medicine doctor to see the disease, the old Chinese medicine doctor gave him a careful pulse diagnosis, according to the results of the dialectical prescription for him, who knows how many medicines were paid, his condition was not good, but appeared sweating, the body became weaker, the condition quickly worsened, and soon he died. The patient's family was furious and reported the old Chinese medicine doctor to the government. The county master is also a person who understands medicine slightly, he picked up the prescription and studied it carefully, and found that the medicine certificate was on the right path, and the medication was not wrong, so what was the reason? Finally, he took the patient's used drug residue to check and found that the ephedra used raw ephedra, not the hot ephedra prescribed in the original prescription. It turned out that the person who grasped the medicine in the pharmacy made a mistake, and the hot ephedra in the original prescription was caught into raw ephedra, which finally led to serious consequences (the effect of raw ephedra is biased to the sweating and dissolving the table, and the hot ephedra is the product of raw ephedra after being concocted, which has a good effect on cough and asthma).
Alas, in fact, in today's social reality, such medical accidents or tragedies also occur from time to time, either due to the medical level of the doctor, or due to the negligence of the doctor, or due to the imperfection of some medical procedures.
"People's treasure, Mo treasure in life", the medical industry is indeed a special industry, is a matter of the most precious people's lives of the industry, all involved in medicine, even if it is only the pharmacy to grasp the medicine of Lang Zhong should be cautious! caution! Be cautious again! It is no wonder that the great physician Sun Simiao has repeatedly admonished, "Whoever heals the sick will be calm and determined, have no desires and no desires, and first develop a great compassion and compassion, and vow to universally save the suffering of the soul." ...... In this way, it can be a great doctor of the heavens, but on the contrary, it is a giant thief with a spirit. ”
In addition, I often think that if the patient and family of the ancients above recognized raw ephedra and hot ephedra, then this medical accident or tragedy might not have happened. If our patients and their families also understand some medical knowledge and some knowledge of disease prevention and health care in today's society, it may also help to reduce some unnecessary medical accidents and even reduce diseases. This is also the reason or motivation for me to write some health science books or articles in my spare time over the years.
Below, I will talk about some knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine processing.
About the origin of the "concoction" of Chinese medicine
Looking at ancient texts, it can be seen that "cannon" refers to fire-related processing technology, while "system" represents a wider range of processing technology. Chinese medicine pays attention to "dialectical treatment", the so-called dialectical treatment, that is, according to the different symptoms presented by the patient's clinical appearance, the use of different tastes and efficacy of Traditional Chinese medicine compatibility composition formula, to make up for the deviation and rescue of shortcomings, reconcile the human organs qi and blood, to achieve the purpose of disease treatment or health care.
However, freshly picked Chinese herbal medicines are either toxic, or contain impurities, or have certain characteristics and efficacy, or the treatment scope is relatively limited, or the shape is not conducive to storage, protection and consumption, and cannot fully meet the needs of clinical medication. Our ancestors, who were the first to be inspired by the processing of food, invented a rich set of pharmaceutical processing technologies in long-term medical practice, which solved this problem. The raw chinese medicine products have been reborn, and it has marked the profound brand of traditional Chinese medicine culture in China.
Traditional Chinese medicine concocted
Three important monographs on the preparation of Chinese medicine in history
In the development process of Chinese medicine processing in China, there are countless relevant classics, of which three monographs are the most important.
Xiào's Treatise on the Burning of the Lei Gong Cannon
As early as the Southern and Northern Dynasties period, China's first monograph on the processing of traditional Chinese medicine, "The Theory of Lei Gong Cannon Burning", came out. The book records the preparation methods and techniques of about 300 kinds of drugs, and on the basis of the concoctive techniques of the predecessors, the technical level of the entire traditional Chinese medicine processing has been greatly improved. The methods listed in it mainly include steaming, boiling, frying, cultivating, cannon, calcination, dipping, flying and so on. Among them, steaming is divided into steaming, wine immersion steaming, medicinal juice steaming; boiling is divided into brine boiling, licorice boiling, black bean juice boiling; boiling is divided into honey burning, crisp honey burning, pork fat burning, medicinal juice burning; immersion is divided into brine immersion, honey water immersion, rice swill water immersion, pulp water immersion, medicinal juice immersion, wine immersion, vinegar immersion, etc., providing important valuable experience and methods for the processing of traditional Chinese medicine for clinical use, and many of these processing methods have been used to this day.
"Lei Gong Cannon Burning Theory"
Miao Xiyong's Cannon Burning Dafa
Miao Xiyong's "Cannon Burning Dafa" of the Ming Dynasty is the second monograph on the preparation of traditional Chinese medicine after the "Lei Gong Cannon Burning Theory". On the basis of "The Theory of Lei Gong Cannon Burning", Miao Xiyong combined personal experience, divided into fourteen categories such as water, fire, earth, gold, stone, grass, wood, fruit, rice valley, vegetables, people, beasts, insect horns, etc., described the cannon burning methods of 439 kinds of drugs, and summarized the seventeen kinds of Traditional Chinese Medicine Concoction Dafa. It has played a great role in promoting the development of concoctivity.
"Cannon Burning Law"
Zhang Zhongyan's "Guide to Cultivation"
In the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Zhongyan's "Guide to Cultivation" was also based on the "Lei Gong Cannon Burning Theory", extensively absorbing the literature on the processing of traditional Chinese medicine in various Materia Medica works, and recorded the specific gun burning methods of 232 kinds of drugs, which is a very practical monograph on chinese medicine cannon burning. It can be called the third concoctive monograph in China.
The Guide to The Practice
Principle of Chinese medicine concoction
Why can the preparation of traditional Chinese medicine change the properties of various drugs? What exactly is at work? In fact, the principle of Chinese medicine processing is very simple, and it still uses the principle of "excessive harm and biochemistry" in our traditional Chinese medicine theory. In layman's terms, that is, the drug has a bias, and can not fully adapt to the needs of clinical use, then we need to take a variety of methods to change its bias, restrict its can not adapt to the clinical, while highlighting the clinical needs of the part of the performance.
For a simple example, although the Chinese medicine raw white art can tonify the spleen and benefit the qi, but its sexual stagnation, after taking it is easy to lead to bloating, and the raw white art is fried after the frying of the white art, which can not only supplement the spleen and benefit the qi, but also remove its stagnant performance at the same time, and can also appetize and promote appetite.
Common methods of traditional Chinese medicine preparation
There are many methods of traditional Chinese medicine processing, which can be summarized in general, mainly including cultivation, water system, fire system, water and fire co-production, frost making (such as watermelon cream), fermentation (such as divine comedy, light tempeh), germination (such as malt) and so on.
Repair, such as picking, scraping, brushing, cutting, slicing, crushing, etc.
Water system is to wash and soak the medicinal materials with water, soak and other methods to treat, so that the drug is clean, or soft and easy to slice, or to make mineral drugs become pure and delicate, while reducing toxicity, reducing side effects and so on. It usually includes washing, panning, dipping, wetting, staining, pickling, water flying, etc.
Fire, is the direct or indirect (or add other excipients) of medicinal materials placed on the fire heat treatment method, the purpose is to put the texture of the hard drug, so that it becomes crisp, crispy easy to prepare, so that it is not easy to fry out the active ingredient of the drug easy to exert medicinal effect, to prevent the mold of the drug, but also to make a small number of toxic or drug-violent drugs, reduce or eliminate toxicity and side effects. It is often mainly used to stir-fry, simmer, cannon, calcin, refine, bake, bake, bake and other fire methods.
Water and fire co-production, is a combination of water and fire two methods, the common ones are burning, boiling, quenching, steaming and so on. It seems that this traditional Chinese medicine concoction is really a lot of knowledge.
Appendix: Comparison of the efficacy of some traditional Chinese medicines commonly used in different preparation methods
1. Hawthorn is often divided into raw hawthorn and fried hawthorn (or scorched hawthorn).
Raw hawthorn is to pick ripe hawthorn fruits in the autumn, wash, slice and dry, and have the effect of dissipating silt and digesting accumulation. The fried hawthorn (Jiao hawthorn), which is fried raw hawthorn, is enhanced in its digestion and stomach effect, while its gas dissipation is basically lost. Therefore, in the clinic, fried hawthorn (or jiao hawthorn) is used for digestion and stomach benefits, and raw hawthorn is used for the treatment or health care of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Raw hawthorn and scorched hawthorn diagrams
2. Rehmannia is often divided into raw rehmannia and cooked rhubarb.
Raw ground yellow, that is, in the autumn to dig out the roots of the herbaceous plant ground yellow, and then wash, slice, dry can be, its cold taste is sweet and bitter, longer than the hot and cool blood. The cooked ground yellow, is the raw ground yellow with rice wine repeated steaming, it is cooked yellow, its sex into a slight temperature, its effect is to supplement the kidney and nourish the blood, such as in the kidney yin of the six flavor of the yellow pill and the eight treasures of the blood soup are used in the cooked yellow.
Raw ground yellow and cooked ground yellow map
3. He Shou Wu is often divided into He Shou Wu and He Shou Wu.
Raw He Shou Wu is to dig out the roots of the herbaceous plant He Shou Wu in the autumn, and then wash, cut into thick slices, and dry, which can laxative. The production of He Shou Wu is to steam and dry the raw He Shou Wu with black bean juice, which is to make He Shou Wu, which is longer than tonifying the liver and kidneys, wufa and improving sperm, and its diarrhea effect is basically gone.
Born He Shou Wu and Made He Shou Wu Tu