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China Cooperation Times
Planning | Yu Luna and Zhang Chi
Edited by Lu Lu |
Source| China Cooperation Times
【 Opening words 】
Today, March 23, 2021, there are 100 days left before the centennial of the Communist Party of China. On this special day, the WeChat public account of China Cooperation Times officially launched the party history study column "Red Supply and Marketing Hundred Days of Reading", and simultaneously carried out the online activity of "Learning Party History and Talk Cooperation and Punching Cards for 100 Days", so that we can study the century-old party history together, feel the idea of cooperation, temper the ability to do things, and create a new situation for development.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the practical experience and theory of cooperatives in Europe began to be introduced to China. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Beijing Normal University Hall (the predecessor of Peking University) opened a cooperative course, and on March 30, 1918, the Peking University Consumer Commune was established, becoming the first cooperative known to China so far.
Xue Xianzhou, a cooperative expert who returned from Germany and was known as the founder of the Chinese cooperative movement, opened a cooperative course at Fudan Public School (the predecessor of Fudan University) in 1914, trained a group of cooperative talents, and founded China's first cooperative bank, the Shanghai National Cooperative Savings Bank, in 1919.
The mentor of the cooperative enlightenment who played an important role in the history of the Chinese Communist Party was Yu Shude.
Yu Shude (1894-1982), also known as Yongzi, a native of Jinghai County, Hebei (present-day Jinghai County, Tianjin), joined the League in his early years and threw himself into the Xinhai Revolution. He graduated from Tianjin Law and Politics College in 1917. In 1918, he became acquainted with Zhou Enlai, who was studying at Nankai Middle School in Tianjin, and gave him three hundred oceans to study in Japan, and joined the "New Middle School Society" with Zhou Enlai.
Group photo of Yu Shude (Zi Yongzi), Zhou Enlai (Zi Xiangyu) and other members of the "New Middle School Society"
In 1921, Yu Shutoku graduated from the Faculty of Economics at Kyoto Imperial University. With lofty ambitions, he once said: "Unite the proletariat of the whole world with the weak and small nations and the oppressed, attack the international imperialist aggressors, and seek the liberation of the people of the whole world!" ”
Yu Shude and Li Dazhao also had a deep revolutionary friendship, they were classmates and colleagues of Tianjin Fazheng Vocational College, and they both went to Japan to study. On 21 January 1922, the Comintern convened the First Congress of Communist And National Revolutionary Groups of the Far East in Moscow. As a comrade and friend whom the party organization can trust, Yu Shude attended this important meeting at the recommendation of Li Dazhao. In June of the same year, Li Dazhao introduced Yu Shude to join the Communist Party of China.
Yu Shude's Writings: "TheOry of Credit Cooperative Management" and "TheOry and Practice of Consumer Cooperatives"
Yu Shude was also one of the disseminators of the idea of cooperatives in the early days of China, and he had studied the theory of cooperatives and published many treatises. Since 1920, he has written papers such as "Agricultural Famine Prevention and Industrial Masonic Association", "The Operation of Industrial Masonic Association", "China's Ancient Agricultural Famine Prevention Strategy -- Changping Cang yicang and social warehouse"; in 1921, he published "TheOry of Credit Cooperative Management", also known as "Theory of Civilian Banking"; in 1929, he published "TheOry and Management of Cooperatives"; in 1930 he published "Theory and Practice of Consumer Cooperatives"; in 1934 he published "Lecture Notes on Cooperation", and so on.
The main arguments of Yu Shude Cooperative's ideas are as follows:
1. Cooperatives do not abolish capitalism, and the idea that capitalist co-operatives can be eliminated through cooperatives is in fact a reformist idea. The cooperatives of the capitalist countries and colonies serve their social system.
(2) Cooperatives are organizations in which working people safeguard their economic interests.
3. Different cooperatives have different characteristics and roles.
(4) Establishment of associations on the basis of the development of various cooperatives. After the development of cooperatives, cooperatives of the same type should unite and organize various cooperative federations.
In addition to publishing his works, he also used lectures to spread the idea of cooperatives. From May to September 1926, when Mao Zedong was the director of the Sixth Guangdong Peasant Movement Training Institute, he taught a lesson on "Introduction to Peasant Cooperation" that Yu Shude taught. He not only vigorously disseminated the idea of cooperatives, but also engaged in cooperative work for a long time, and was one of the pioneers of the credit cooperation movement in modern China.
After the defeat of the National Revolution, Yu Shude was forced by the current situation to break away from the party organization. Since then, he has been engaged in the teaching and research of rural cooperative theory for a long time, and is one of the earliest scholars in China to teach cooperative theory.
In 1949, Premier Zhou Enlai issued a notice of appointment to Yu Shude
After the founding of New China, Yu Shude successively served as deputy director of the Central Cooperative Undertakings Administration Bureau of the Central People's Government, deputy director of the Board of Supervisors of the All-China Supply and Marketing Cooperative, and was a member of the Second and Third National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and a standing member of the Fourth and Fifth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. On February 18, 1982, Yu Shude died in Beijing at the age of 88.