Lian Cheng: The courtyard is a little deeper
□ Huang Zhenghui
One
Liancheng was established as a county in the third year of Song Shaoxing (1133). In the Song Dynasty, the emergence of academies nationwide became a booming trend, and Liancheng County, where hakka people lived in western Fujian, was known for the tradition of cultivating and reading heirlooms and Chongwen, and the prosperity of the academy echoed the trend of humanities.
Liancheng Academy has evolved from generation to generation, resulting in two major groups, one is the urban academy group with Guanzhishan Academy as the center, and the other is the rural academy group with Peitian Nanshan Academy as the axis.
Guanzhishan Academy Group is the "Cradle of Liancheng Culture". Generations of literati and students built academies on the mountain, read and wrote books in seclusion, and continued to last until the last century, for more than 800 years, "the mountain is called a sage, and the people of the realm are victorious." During the Song Shaoxing period, the first two jintu qiulin and Qiu Fang's uncles and nephews in the county first created the "Erqiu Academy" in Guanzhi Mountain, and then people successively built 13 academies on the mountain, such as "Qiao Singing Mountain House", "Xiuzhu Academy", "Dongshan Caotang", "Wuxian Academy" and "Yangzhi Pavilion".
Dynasties have changed, the wind and rain, and the academy on guanzhi mountain has gone through ups and downs, and has been up and down. The history books record: "Guanzhi Mountain was built from the Song and Yuan Dynasties, flourished in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, and was remnants of the difficulties of the mountains in the early Qing Dynasty. There are many famous places. The same is true of his college experience. At the beginning of Qianlong, the Wuxian Academy was rebuilt. Strings recite the wind, almost back to the old. Less than a hundred years, and destroyed in Xianfeng Pengwu. All buildings, all destroyed... However, the relics of famous sages such as the Five Sages and the Second Qiu are concerned by the customs of the people of the whole lian, so tongguang has been restored slightly. However, after the Republic of China, the mourning was frequent, and the relics were destroyed again. ”
The author recently read the "Chronicle of Liancheng County" revised during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, and we can see many records of the Guanzhishan Academy, its prosperity, its destruction and the intention of the founders, looming between the lines ——
"Wuxian Academy, before the Taoyuan Cave of GuanZhi mountain." Mr. Zhu Xi, Cheng Yi, Cheng Hao, Zhou Dunyi, zhang Zaiwu. The county ordered Qin Shi to build. Among them, there is Jingxing Hall, in front of the hall is Testicwangxuan, and after it is Lion Ball Rock. On the rock is the Daguan Pavilion and the Yu yu zhai. On the left is Zhengyi Xuan, and in front of Xuan xuan is the Tiyue Building. Below the building is the Ningbi Mountain House, the middle is the Whistling Corridor, the left is the deepest part, and the upper is the Dengjin Pavilion. To the right of Jingxing Hall is Yuezhu Xuan. There is a cloud pool in front of it, and there is a heavenly help stone. In front of the pond is the Xiangyuan Pavilion, and in front of it is the Living Water Bookstore. To the right of Tsukizuka is the Stone Pavilion. Outside the courtyard, there are nests, sawa, and spring mountains. The original water lotus house was abandoned for a long time. ”
"Shanglian Peak Mountain (alias of Guanzhi Mountain), turning into a turn of wonder, the stone danger sees the difference between the heavens, and the forest witnesses the extinction of the sun. Lingyan Xiawei, stone chamber scales, green pine markings, Lanqian spit leaks, the true Yi people alone. He built the Dongshan Caotang to hide my clumsiness. Put back high, allegorical and uncomfortable; strange stone male show, such as crouching tiger and leopard and flying luan phoenix. Each of them works under a few tricks, and the smoke clouds go in and out of the shirt. Woohoo! The rocks are towering, the place where cars and horses are rare, and there are many people who do not see... Guccilliye? A hut, send the old white clouds, if you know how to follow the East Mountain, then I dare! (Xie Jun, Qingyuan, "Records of Dongshan Caotang")
"The city is in the midst of ten thousand mountains, the mountains are stacked, the Cui Zhi is uneven, and the strangers are not in a hurry." Dongtian several pieces of stone, standing on one side... Shi Zhilu, reading for Mr. Qiu Er, a Song Confucian... Qiu Lin, the word qi dive, Jiading thirteen years into the soldier. Nephew Qiu Fang, Zi Zheng Uncle, Baoqing second year jinshi. Fellow professor Mr. Yang Xuan. Mr. Yu Xuan was the eldest brother of Zhu Men, and his classmates at that time were all sons, and they were unsurpassed." ("The Chronicle of Mr. Yau's College")
By 1913, in view of the increase in the number of graduates of Liancheng Primary School, Wu Hailan, a member of Lianfeng Town, the county, consulted with local people to ask the county governor Zhang Zhuokui to start the establishment of a middle school. Considering that Guanzhi Mountain is close to the city, the scenery is quiet, and there are other colleges standing here, Wuxian Academy is designated as the school building of "Liancheng County Guanzhishan Middle School". Since then, Liancheng has had its first government-run middle school. A year later, when the Provincial Department of Education inspected it, it believed that the road up the hill was steep and it was not suitable to set up a school, so it was relocated in the city, and in the autumn of 1915, the school was officially renamed Liancheng County Middle School (that is, the old middle school).
Two
Inspecting the Guanzhishan Past Academy, it is obvious that the highest-grade and most influential person should push the "Dongshan Caotang".
As a descendant of Yamashita, in the past few decades, he has climbed Guanzhi Mountain countless times, and has also walked into the Dongshan Caotang countless times. In the mid-autumn of last year, the author returned to his hometown from the city, once again climbed the mountain to see the victory, and soaked in the elegance of the mountain academy.
Guanzhi Mountain is increasingly crowded with tourists, not only because it has a natural landscape that combines majestic and beautiful, but also because of its rich and colorful cultural accumulation, especially its academy culture, which has a long history and is brilliant. The "first line of heaven" mouth that is now enough to reach is the place where many ancient academies in the mountains have camped and camped. Ningbi Mountain House, Qiao Sing Mountain House, Erqiu Academy, Xiuzhu Academy, Dongshan Caotang... In the meantime, Dongshan Caotang is particularly thick and heavy, and celebrities meet, which can be called "the pearl of crown culture".
Dongshan Caotang was a place for the Xie clan of Liancheng to cultivate and cultivate talents, and was built by the clan member Xie Jun during the Ming Dynasty. The academy is located under the Lingzhi Peak of Guanzhi Mountain, with flying cornices, Danxia glowing, green trees listening to warblers, and window ledges to hear the sound of books. The main entrance banner "Dongshan Caotang" four characters, Xiu quite vigorous, Zhu pen stone carving, imitation of Zhu Xi Ti book. The two sides of the stone carving joint "Dongtian stone old mountain hui jade, treasure tree branch horizontal phoenix vibrating hair". Shanglian means that Guanshan is called Dongtian Stone in ancient times, and the mountain is old and condensed jade; the Xialian Yong praises the Xie family's flourishing hair, and the talent is like a phoenix feather flickering.
The cottage is a three-entry bungalow. One into the small empty flat, separated by flower windows, straight into the supervisor's hall, kitchen, in the past there was a "blessing god", is the living area of the college. The second entrance is the main hall, and the classroom that teaches science and Confucianism is the focus of the academy. The cylinder once had a couplet that reads, "To the door is only swallow, and there is Lan Sun in the room.". The courtyard is a patio, and the two wing corridors lead to the lower hall. The three-entry arch enters the Shangyi Hall, which has a square lawn and a box room, which is a place for teaching and students to discuss and live. The three entrance halls have different functions, the halls are separated by arches and connected by corridors. Outside the courtyard, the right hand is close to the cliff and places a "Spring Grass Pond", which is facing the "Golden Spring" of the first line of Tiankou, which has the charm of Jiangnan Garden. The name "Spring Grass Pond" is derived from the ancient famous sentence of Xie Lingyun, the ancestor of the Xie family and the originator of Chinese landscape poetry, "Spring grass grows in the pond, and the garden willow becomes a songbird." ”
If we look at the scale and structure of the construction, Dongshan is not so grand and exquisite, and its unique abundance and charm lies in the reason for the title of the Caotang and the cultivation of many talents in the academy for hundreds of years and several heavyweight celebrities in Chinese history who are connected to it.
As the name of the Xie Family Academy, "Dongshan Caotang", people know it at a glance, and it is related to Xie An, a famous scholar in the Eastern Jin Dynasty in Chinese history.
For hundreds of years, dongshan caotang has been gathering bright moons and clear winds, resonating with the morning bells and twilight drums of mountain monasteries, rising and falling together, stirring up the sound of lang lang books, infiltrating generation after generation of descendants. As a result, the descendants of the Xie clan of Liancheng can be described as Zhilan and Yushusen. From Qianlong to Guangxu, 55 people were given the orders of the emperor. There were 22 people inscribed with the title of Edict, 2 people with inscriptions, 6 people with inscriptions, and 328 people with other inscriptions.
The stars of the talented sages, the first father and son to enter the priest Xie Ningdao and Xie Bangji. Xie Ningdao served as a foreign lang and a member of the Wenxuan Department of the Inspectorate of the Ministry of Officials, the Supervision and Supervision of the Baoquan Bureau of Qinchahu, the Inspector of the Jiaqing Nongshu Branch Examination, and the Prefect of Wuzhou, Guangxi. During his tenure as the prefect of Guangxi, although he was far away from his hometown, he was concerned about the hometown, and often in the form of letters, he exhorted the children of the Xie clan in many ways, but he hoped that the clan would cultivate and read the heirlooms, be diligent and thrifty, and be kind and think of progress... Its exhortations are still circulating among xie and his people. As a result, Xie's eagerness to learn and his characters are natural. His son Xie Bangji was also born into the army and served as the county commander of Haiyang, Haikang, and Anding counties in Guangdong. During his tenure as an official, he was diligent in government affairs, observed the people's livelihood, and was honest and honest, and it is rumored that the people built the Xie Gong Pavilion after he left office to commemorate it. What is particularly rare is that Xie Bangji and the national Yinglin Zexu are not the same as Jiaqing Xin, and the two have a good friendship. Bunji died young at the age of forty-one, and his couple's Epitaph was written by Lin Gong.
It is precisely because of the friendship between Xie Bangji and Lin Zexu that Lin Zexu's grand event of "Jiangzuo Wind Flow" was born when Lin Zexu came to the crown and gave him the title of "Jiangzuo Wind Flow". In the year of Qing DaoGuangjia Shen, BangJi's father Xie Ningdao, on his sixtieth birthday, invited his close friend Lin Zexu to Liancheng to drink a birthday feast and visit Guanzhi Mountain. Lin Zexu saw the Xie family students in the Dongshan Caotang chanting vigorously, worthy of the Wuyi clan, and sighed the inscription: "JiangZuo Wind Flow". This "Jiangzuo Wind Current" plaque in the Dongshan Caotang has been ups and downs in the world, and it has become more and more immortal and glowing through ups and downs, and it was awarded the "Chinese Famous Plaque" in the 1990s.
There are four plaques in the cottage. The second plaque was donated by Ji Xiaolan, the general editor of the "Four Libraries". "Liancheng Xie Clan Genealogy" contains: In the autumn of the afternoon of Jiaqing, Bangji's father Xie Ningdao went north to the capital to take up a post, and sent the "Xie Clan Genealogy" edited by his uncle Xie Guozhi to ask for a preface. At that time, the "Higashiyama Caotang" was rebuilt and completed, and a plaque was asked for by the Scholars of Ji University. Ji Xiaolan and Xie Ningdao had already had friendship, and they agreed with great emotion, leaving a genealogical preface for the Xie clan of Liancheng: "I see that the eunuchs can be disciplined, the writings can be passed on, the hidden virtues can be imitated, and the sages have crossed the Jin Dynasty." And gladly inscribed a plaque for Dongshan Caotang: "Follow Dongshan".
The third plaque is the "Shijinshi" jointly given by Ji Xiaolan and Dong Huan. In the sixteenth year of Qing Jiaqing, Xie Bangji, the son of Xie Ningdao, was admitted as a jinshi. Ji Xiaolan and Dong Xuan (the master of the Jiaqing Emperor and a scholar of Wenhuadian University) were both Beijing officials with Xie Ningdao, and they exchanged inscriptions to congratulate Xie Ningdao's father and son as jinshi.
The fourth plaque is from the hand of Qiao Yu (known as "Old Master Qiao"), a titan of Contemporary Chinese Poetry. In the late 1990s, Mr. Qiao and a group of literary and art circles performed with him. When traveling to the mountain, Qiao Yu was deeply shocked by the three famous plaques in the grass hall, admiring Xie's elegant and long-lasting style and talent, and was invited to wave and write "Wang Xie Yuze".
A college, celebrities, four plaques! The grass hall is so elegant that the crowned mountain is high.
Back and forth in and out of the grass hall, thinking about the past and the present, feeling continuous. Gazing at the inscriptions of Lin Zexu, Ji Xiaolan and others, I really hoped to be able to have a dialogue with them on topics such as history, humanities, and the future and destiny of the country with the body of crossing.
"The moon rises above the Eastern Mountains, hovering between bulls... Think of the moonlit night, this mountain, inside and outside the grass hall, what kind of charming situation?
Three
In this section of the Liancheng Rural Academy Group, Peitian Academy occupies the top spot. In the history of Peitian for more than 800 years, 18 colleges such as "Nanshan Academy", "Shibeishan Academy", "Yunjiang Academy", "Ziyang Academy", "Tianxuetang" and "Hoe jing villa" were born. This was followed by the Zhixi Academy Group. Zhixi Village is a village in the county that has been included in the list of "Famous Historical and Cultural Villages in China" after Peitian. It has Taoyuan Jingshe, XianGao Yue Academy, Seed Stone Mountain House, Chuanyun Mountain House and other colleges. The four forts of the carved land have Aofeng Academy, Liuzu Temple and other academies. There are also Ziyang Academy in Gutian Town, Octagonal Tower Academy in Juxi Town, Tiyun Academy in Jiachuan Township, and so on. These academies, which are distributed between villages and fields, have been cherished by the villagers for a long time, and most of them are basically well preserved. A few of the smoke and dust that have disappeared from the timing are difficult to find.
Peitian "Nanshan Academy" is the leader of the rural academy, which has lasted for a long time and exudes an elegant and charming fengshen god. The author is the nephew of the village, since he was a child, he always went to Peitian with his mother during the Spring Festival and stayed for several days. My friends and I always wandered to and around nanshan academy at the end of the village and had fun. The quiet and handsome architectural pattern of the academy and the pomegranate tree in front of the door, especially the majestic Luo Han Pine with its strong and slender branches, left me with "beautiful" memories. At that time, the college was already the office of the teacher of Peitian Elementary School, and several large rooms were still used as classrooms. At the beginning of the school year, the courtyard patio will be filled with the sound of melodious and childlike chanting. I think that this life's love of books and obsessive writings may have some kind of connection with walking into this courtyard when I was young?
In the past twenty years, I have frequently come to Peitian for official business, visiting relatives and friends, or pure leisurely travel. Once there is enough time, I will go to Nanshan Academy again, mozzarize its years, and explore its secret past.
Re-enter Nanshan Academy, sit quietly on the bank of the lotus pond of the academy, listen to the mountain breeze, and smell the birds. It was as if someone had pushed open the wooden door of the academy and heard a creaking sound, and it was as if he heard Qingyue's class bell, floating joyfully all the way to the distance. In a trance, two famous Confucians dressed in long robes and holding scrolls in their hands came to them: one was Qiu Zhenfang, a talented son of Fuzhou, and the other was Zeng Ruichun, a Confucian scholar from Tingzhou.
Qiu Zhenfang, a native of Minhou, Fuzhou. Full of economy and arrogance, he was roughly active during the Yongqian period. Because the eldest brother was ill, his mother was very worried and wanted to use scientific research to find a way out, so he discussed that his assistant brother would catch the knife.
In the sixth year of Qianlong (1741), Xin Youke Fujian Township Examination, the first name of the brother fruit Xie Yuan, which was only the middle and deputy Xie Yuan, was immediately exposed by Shi Lin. The Inspector of Fujian, Wang Shu, summoned his brother to test, and the re-examination was also outstanding, but it was difficult to stop the situation, and Shi Lin was indignant. Helpless to try again, the horse's feet were finally exposed. His brother was put on justice and sent to Minxi himself.
Qiu Zhenfang has been teaching in Yongding, Shanghang and Liancheng for decades, or in colleges or private schools, cultivating a batch of talents for western Fujian. Everywhere he went, his literary style was vibrant, and his reputation was rising day by day. However, the whereabouts are difficult to test. PeiTian has been teaching for three years, leaving only the "Nanshan Academy" in large characters and self-titled joints. Title Link: Resist yan dare to praise the time to look forward to, so why bother with the day's sleep. Wen is like a person, you can see that this jun is talented, pretentious, and arrogant.
Zeng Ruichun, a native of Ninghua, Tingzhou, was invited by the rich merchant Wu Changtong's brothers to the "Nanshan Academy" in the first year of Tongzhi (1862), and in the tenth year of Tongzhi (1871), he left Peitian to beijing to take the exam, and taught for ten years. It can be seen that he is deeply supported by Peitian Xiangxian and has also made great contributions to the cultivation of talents in "Nanshan Academy".
After Zeng Ruichun passed the entrance examination, he was summoned to be a Shujishi of Hanlin Academy. For more than three years (1874), Wu Chang studied the genealogy with Wu Chang and asked him to make a note for the academy. When he returned from vacation, he searched for his old friends, revisited the old land, touched the scenery, and wrote the "Nanshan Academy": "Years Gengshen, inheriting Wu Junhua's Kunyu summoning ceremony West Seat, the museum is yu in Nanshan." Jiamu is lush, katsumi is quiet, deer cave goose lake, nothing less than that. ”...... The literary style is remarkable, and it is a good composition. He also wrote: "Ten years ago, he preached through the Siting, the green field, the green field, the treasure tree, the nourishment of Qi Jingshuang; a hundred miles away, the submerged cultivation of this place, the Qingyun Delu, the jade hall is clean and waiting to be followed." The euphoria was palpable.
Nanshan Academy was founded in the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty, the founder was Wu Zukuan, and the former was "Stone Hill Caotang". During the Zhengde period of the Ming Dynasty, Pei Yingzhang, the bingbu Shangshu, ordered him to tour Fujian and Zhejiang, first to Tingzhou, then to Liancheng to visit Guanzhi Mountain, and then into Peitian. After inspecting the academy, Pei Yingzhang was very emotional, and wrote the door link with a stroke of his pen: "Although it is a hundred miles away from Tingcheng, the first one to enter the hole gate wall." From the establishment of the academy to the 31st year of Guangxu, the number of people who studied at Nanshan Academy and then entered the career path reached 9 people from five pins to three pins, and 191 chinese students and Gongsheng Xiucai. As for the Republic of China, peitian people still followed the footsteps of history, guangda cultivated and read the customs of the family, and walked out of the four international students.
In the 32nd year of Guangxu, Nanshan Academy was reorganized into Peitian Second Class Primary School, becoming the first privately run complete primary school in the county.
With the rise of "new learning" in modern times, the academy, as a place of education, has gradually withdrawn from the stage and eventually become the back of civilization. However, its lofty style, its model's distinctiveness, its liveliness in its inquiry, its master's high-mindedness, and its talent and meaning... Dive deep into the mighty current of my Chinese cultural Taoist system, the earth is desolate, and the moon is shining...