<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="1" > this is the real Zhuge Liang (63).</h1>
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="31" > Author: Idle Lesheng</h1>
In August 234, a giant star fell on Gojohara. This superstar is Zhuge Liang, the Shu Han Chancellor.
Before Zhuge Liang's death, arrangements had been made for the general Wei Yan of zhengxi to temporarily take charge of the military and preside over the affairs of the palace, followed by Jiang Wei. However, due to the conflict between Wei Yan and The Long Shi Yang Yi, Wei Yan led his troops to withdraw first, and the affairs behind the palace were taken care of by Jiang Wei and Yang Yi. Jiang Wei then hid the news, did not mourn, and then burned down the camp and began to retreat. Sima Yi, the commander of Cao Wei, received the news and immediately sent troops to pursue, but Jiang Wei YangYi had already made preparations, returned to the flag and drums, and made a counterattack posture. Sima Yi was horrified: Oops, Zhuge Liang is not dead, this is his ruse, he wants me to be the second Zhang Guo! So he turned his horse's head and urgently ordered a retreat, along the way the wind was loud, the grass and trees were all soldiers, and it was difficult to escape back to the camp, quickly closed the door, and could not hold out. Yang Yi and the others did not chase after them, but only led their army to retreat into the valley.
The next day, Sima Yi did not see the Shu Han army returning, so he plucked up the courage to enter the camp abandoned by Shu Han and picked up a pile of rags, including some grain and grass and military books, Sima Yi looked through the contents of the military books, and saw its arrangement, the camp, the well stove, the fence (toilet), the fence, and the obstacle should all be regulated, and he couldn't help but feel ashamed of himself: "Zhuge Liang is a genius in the world." Fortunately, he is dead now! Sima Yi said, "What is important to the military family, the secret plans of the military books, the food and valley of the soldiers and horses, are all abandoned now, how can anyone donate their five treasures and be born?" It is advisable to chase after it. So they hurried to chase, but after such a long delay, the Han army not only went far, but also laid a large number of iron tribulus (that is, Zama nails) along the road, and Sima Yi sent two thousand people wearing cork flat-bottomed clogs to open the road in front. In the face of the dense and endless iron tribulus, these more than two thousand "deminers" were also dumbfounded, and in an instant, the bottom of their wooden sandals was already full of iron tribulus terrestris, and then they had to replace the clogs, and then pick and change, and when the tribulus was eliminated, the Shu Han army did not know how far to run, but Sima Yi was not willing, still chased all the way to Chi'an (near the Hongyan Village of Wangjiayuan Township, Taibai County, Shaanxi Province), asked the local people, and only then did they get the exact news, after the Han army entered the Chu Valley a few days ago, they suddenly raised white flags and cried in unison, Finally mourned for Zhuge Liangju.
At this point, Sima Yi confirmed that his old opponent must be sure to be dead. However, the Shu Han army had retreated into the valley where the cavalry could not gallop for several days, and the Wei army could not catch up no matter how much it could catch up, so Sima Yi simply gave up. This is what Wu Hou's legacy was, although he died, his powerful deterrent power could still protect Shu Han and even Yu Yin for decades.
When the common people of Guanzhong heard about this, in addition to admiring and regretting Marquis Wu, they also felt ashamed of Sima Yi, so they made up a proverb to ridicule him and said: "Death Zhuge walks away and lives Zhongda." Sima Yi was not annoyed, and quipped to himself: "I am expected to be born, and it is inconvenient to expect death." In fact, even if Zhuge Liang was alive, Sima Yi had never been able to count him, but now that Zhuge Liang was dead, he could brag about it as much as he wanted.
Of course, Sima Yi could also take this opportunity to make some preparations, and then make a large-scale cut down of Shu to eliminate the consequences for Cao Wei. However, although Sima Yi was a military expert, he was even more a power strategist. He knew very well in his heart that the emperor did not trust him, but was only forced to be helpless, so he had to raise himself and accumulate authority. Therefore, internally, he wanted to promote his cronies and eliminate dissidents; externally, he had to avoid both fiasco and great victories, and at this time he would destroy Shu and start unification, which would not be of any benefit to Sima Daiwei (Note 1).
Zhuge Liang's many years of entanglement with Sima Yi ended here. The next story takes place forty years later, that is, in the ninth year of the reign of Emperor Tai of Jinwu, in 273 AD, at this time shu han and Cao Wei have been destroyed by Sima Shi for many years, and the newly promoted Emperor Sima Yan of Jinwu, although in the name of the founding prince, is actually a son who ascended to the throne by virtue of the merits of his father and grandfather, so he is not very clear about the deeds of the previous two generations, and it just so happens that his envoy (the advisory position of the emperor or so, even if he is a close minister' favorite) Fan Jian once served as Zhuge Liang's lingshi, and can also be regarded as a shu han widow who has experienced a great era. So Sima Yan asked Fan Jian what kind of figure this Zhuge Liang really was, and Fan Jian did not slander the old boss because he surrendered to Sima Shi, he remembered the voice and smile of Xiang Xiang, and his demeanor, he couldn't help but say with deep nostalgia: "Zhuge Cheng Xiang, the saint is also." Hearing evil will be changed, but not demure; the faith of reward and punishment is full of gods. With the passage of time, Sima Yan certainly would no longer dwell on the grudges of the two families in the early years, but would rather yearn for Zhuge Liang's deeds; besides, if the enemy was not strong, how could he set off the wise divine martial arts of his ancestor Sima Yi? So he let out a long sigh and said, "Zenza! Let me have this man to assist himself, and how can I have today's labor! (Note 2)
The supreme leader has decided that the literati of the Jin Dynasty must naturally change the direction of the wind. Since the Wei and Jin dynasties, various historical books, such as Fu Xuan's Fu Zi, Lu Ji's Three Ancestral Biographies of Jin, Wang Shen's Book of Wei, and Yu Feng's Wei Luo, have made many slanderous and slanderous remarks against Shu Han and Zhuge Liang, which is what Liu Zhiji of the Tang Dynasty said, "Most of them are timely, but they are not real records" and "Lu Ji's History of Jin falsely rejected Ge Zhifeng" (Note 3). However, in 273 AD, Zhuge Liang's official evaluation began to turn, and in the first year of the Western Jin Dynasty Hui emperor Yongxing (304 AD), the Zhennan general Liu Hong even erected a monument to Zhuge Liang in Longzhong, with inscriptions praising Kong Ming as a "sage", "great instrument", and "tongren", and his "great virtue" was not only above Guan Zhongleyi, but even surpassed the ancient sages Zhou Gong and Xu You. Liu Hong was Sima Yan's neighbor, and the two had a very thick personal relationship, and this inscription can be written like this, I am afraid that it also represents Sima Yan's point of view. In addition, Zhang Fu, an official during the reign of Emperor Hui of Jin, also believed that Zhuge Liang's talent surpassed that of Le Yi, which could be compared with the ancient sages Yi Yin and Jiang Shang.
After the southern crossing of the crown, the Eastern Jin Dynasty monarchs suffered from the pain of missing their homeland, so they were more yearning for zhuge Liang's deeds in the Northern Expedition to Cao Wei and the Revival of the Han Dynasty, and some even hoped to "regenerate Kong Ming" and revitalize the glory of the Han people; the Emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty even posthumously named Zhuge Liang the King of Wuxing (see "Fang Yu Shengguan"), seven hundred years earlier than Guan Yu's title.
In this historical background, Zhuge Liang's historical status has finally begun to rise step by step, and his true light has become more and more evident in the history books. For example, Sima Yan's "Yuan Zi" by another person who gave Yuan Zhun in the matter, as well as the Eastern Jin Dynasty's Xi Chiseled Teeth "Han Jin Spring and Autumn", Wang Yin's "Shu Ji", and Chang Xuan's "Huayang Guozhi" all with their correct spirit of governing history, "visiting other customs and asking the old people", step by step began to restore the truth for history, which is exactly what Liu Zhiji said: "Shu lao still exists, and Ge Liang knows many wrongs." ”
In the Southern Song Dynasty, the Song people were partial to the south of the Jiangsu Province, and people missed Zhuge Liang even more, and everyone did not so much admire the character and talent of Xiang Xiang as it bet on Zhuge Liang with a hope of rejuvenation in the face of adversity. This is just as li Yuerui, a historian in the early years of the Republic of China, said, a hero, "His teacher does not have to have great merits, but he can actually transfer the customs of a country, make the cowards stand up and bravely, make the country small and invincible, and make its multitudes undefeated although they are few." He also said: "The policy of Wu Hou is also positive, and the non-negative is also." Enterprising also, non-retreaters also. The survival and prosperity of a nation depends on the independent spirit of its country, and its spirit can also be used, although it is weak and small, there will be prosperity. ”
This is Zhuge Liang's precious spiritual wealth, and if scholars only attribute it to his wisdom and loyalty, this thinking is really too simple! In short, when we talk about Zhuge Liang today, we must not limit ourselves to historical materials, but should expand and explore his independent spirit that does not care about interests and stakes, his attitude toward life regardless of success or failure, and his great belief in practicing morality. Although such a person has not realized his ideal in this life, he can guide me and other future generations to realize the Chinese dream of national rejuvenation, so if you die and have knowledge, you should smile and comfort the Nine Springs!
Note 1 to entry: In fact, Sima Shi had already begun to plot to replace Wei during this year, and Sima Shi's wife Xiahou Hui was poisoned in this year because she discovered their rebellious plans (see The Book of Jin, Biography of Empress Xiahou of Jin). The reason why Sima Yi lacked loyalty to Cao Wei may be related to his career experience. Sima Yi had three nobles in his lifetime, and they spared no effort to evaluate and promote Sima Yi, which made Sima Yi famous in the world and his value doubled. But all three of them were eventually killed by Cao. Among them, Qinghe Cui Yan and Yingchuan Xun Yu were killed by Cao Cao; the other was Yang Jun of Hanoi, who was killed by Cao Pi. All this made Sima Yi quite cold, so he gradually developed a heart of disobedience.
Note 2: Fan Jian's remarks were also based on Zhuge Liang's example to persuade the emperor to rehabilitate Deng Ai. As soon as Sima Yan heard it, our idol Zhuge Liang could "hear evil and change it, and reward and punish the faith", how could he not do it? Therefore, despite the opposition of the warriors, he insisted on rehabilitating Deng Ai.
Note 3: Lu Ji wrote the "Records of the Three Ancestors of the Jin Dynasty", which contains exaggerated Sima Yi's victory over Zhuge Liang and made meritorious contributions.