Qianjiang Evening News Hourly News Reporter Jin Dandan/Wen Xia Shanrong/Illustration
"Yu was a student at an early age. The family is poor, there is no way to see the book, every time they borrow from the house of books, they record by hand and count the days to repay. It was cold, the ice was strong, the fingers could not be bent and extended, and the Buddha was sluggish. "The fragment of "Sending Dongyang Horse Life Sequence" is always read by it.
More than 700 years ago, this poor teenager in Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, who studied hard and studied hard, inspired countless future generations of students. He was a famous politician, writer, and thinker of the Ming Dynasty, and Song Lian, who was known as the "head of the founding ministers" of the Ming Dynasty.
From a hanmen scholar to a generation of great Confucians, Song Lian's life has ups and downs, he has always adhered to a pure and upright, leaving unforgettable memories on the land of Zhejiang.
"Someone else's child"
Born in the cold door to borrow books to learn
When he wrote "Send Dongyang Horse Birth Sequence", Song Lian was nearly old and rare, and he recalled the scene of his hard reading when he was young, which is still vividly remembered.
In 1310, Song Lian was born into a poor family in Fucun Town, Jindong District, Jinhua. He was a premature baby, frail and sickly, but the "Biography of Song Taishi" records that Song Lian could read ancient books at the age of six, and could write poetry at the age of nine, never forgetting, known as a "prodigy", and definitely "the child of other people's families".
Because his family was poor and could not afford to buy books, Song Lian had to find someone with a collection of books to borrow to see, and in order to facilitate careful consideration in the future, he copied them word by word.
The winter cold in Jiangnan was overwhelming, the Yantai was frozen, and his fingers were frozen, but he never slackened. After copying the book, he immediately ran to return the book, never delaying the deadline. Because of Song Lian's studiousness and trustworthiness, people were willing to lend him books.
When he was a little older, Song Lian carried his luggage, waded through the mountains and rivers, and ran a hundred miles away to consult a highly respected university scholar. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the confucian masters Wu Lai, Liu Guan, and others were his teachers.
Especially in the deep winter, when the north wind is cold, Song Lian wears old cotton clothes and old shoes and steps on a few feet of snow to study, and the skin on his feet is cracked. By the time he trekked to the hotel, he had frozen his limbs stiffly, and the waiter brought hot water and a thick quilt, and after a long time, his frozen body slowly warmed up.
On the road of study, Song Lian did his best, and in "Sending Dongyang Horse Birth Sequence", he used his own experience to encourage his younger generations, "From childhood to old age, he did not try to go to the books in a day, and he learned everything."
Song Lian not only loved to read, but also loved to collect books, and was a famous bibliophile in the early Ming Dynasty. In his youth, he moved to Pujiang and built a house in Qingluo Mountain, named "Qingluo Mountain House", with a collection of more than 80,000 volumes, many rare books and orphan books.
He has been teaching at Zheng Yimen for more than 20 years
And "Jiangnan first" mutual achievements
Zheng Yimen, also known as the "First Family in Jiangnan", is located in Zhengzhai Town, Pujiang County, Jinhua City, and is an important site of ancient Chinese family culture. The Zheng family has lived together here for more than 340 years and is famous for its filial piety. The 168-article heirloom "Zheng's Code" is hailed as an important milestone in traditional Chinese family training.
Now, in the courtyard of Zheng Yimen's "Jiangnan First House", there are still lush ancient cypresses, which were planted by Song Lian himself when he was teaching here. He hoped that the people of the Zheng clan would be as eternal as these cypress trees, defend justice, and serve the country loyally.
Zheng Yimen is the place that Song Lian is most concerned about, and being a teacher here is also the most comfortable period in his life. He and Zheng Yimen have achieved each other and complemented each other.
At that time, Song Lian, who was just in his early twenties, came to Pujiang to worship Wu Lai as a teacher, and later, he succeeded Wu Lai as the coach of Pujiang Zhengyimen Dongming Jingshe.
Zheng Yimen collected tens of thousands of volumes, and Song Lian loved books as fate, he taught in Dongming Jingshe for more than 20 years, reading hard day and night, reading books, coupled with unforgettable memory, in just a few years, he grew into an encyclopedic university.
While reading and teaching, he cultivated a large number of talents, exchanged poems and poems with the Zheng clan, and left valuable materials for studying the Zheng family. At that time, Song Lian's circle of friends was also quite "luxurious", "talking and laughing with Hongru, and coming and going without white Ding", taking Zheng Yimen as a base, and conducted frequent academic exchanges with cultural celebrities in eastern Zhejiang, which not only created his own academic achievements, but also expanded the academic vision and communication scope of the Zheng clan.
At the same time, Song Lian also compiled the 168 family rules of the Zheng family into the "Zheng Code", which was also the blueprint for the later Ming Dynasty's governing code. What is even more admirable is that there have been 173 officials in the Zheng clan for hundreds of years, none of whom are corrupt, and the clean and honest family style is famous in the world.
The head of the founding ministers
Most of Zhu Yuanzhang's important messages came from him
Song Lian and Liu Ji are both prose masters and are called "the sect of a generation". Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang called him "the head of the founding ministers", and Liu Ji praised Song Lian as "the first article in today".
Song Lian emphasized the use of the Ming Dao for the text, advocating "feeling because of the situation" for the text, the content is full, the thought is profound, the literary style is good, or simple and concise, or graceful and elegant. In his writing, an ordinary thing, an ordinary person, is always vivid. His "Biography of the Crown of kings" and "Sending Dongyang Horse Birth Sequence" are still praised to this day.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Huang Zongxi compiled the Ming Wen Hai, which included more than 4,000 articles by nearly 800 authors, and only one or two of the works of the literati were generally selected, but Song Lian had 50 articles, and his disciple Fang Xiaoru had 20 articles. It can be seen that the influence of Song Lian's literary style is so high.
At the age of 50, Song Lian entered the army and became Zhu Yuanzhang's right and left arm together with Liu Ji, a fellow villager in Zhejiang. He was diligent in his studies and good thinking, and his literary ability was outstanding, and he was Zhu Yuanzhang's "literary boldness", and most of the important documents were written by him. He majored in the "History of the Yuan", taught the crown prince Zhu Biao for more than ten years, and the official to the Hanlin scholar undertook the will and knew the system, and the imperial court etiquette at that time was mostly formulated for him.
Whether it is for literature or for people, Song Lian has always been upright and pure.
Zhu Yuanzhang privately asked his officials who were good and who was bad, and Song Lian only listed the "good ones": "I make friends with good ministers, so I understand them, and those who are bad, I don't understand them, I can't evaluate them." "He knows a lot of court secrets, but he always keeps his mouth shut.
Zhu Yuanzhang admired his conduct quite much: "The ancients were too holy, followed by sages, and secondly as gentlemen, if Song Jinglian had been in affairs for nineteen years, and there was not a single word of falsity, the slander was short, the insults were not shocking, it was always the same, and its sincerity was a gentleman? A gentleman can be described as a sage. ”
In his later years, Song Lian's situation was lamentable.
Because his grandson Song Shen was involved in the case, Song Lian, who had already returned to his hometown, was almost given death. Later, because Empress Ma interceded with the crown prince Zhu Biao, he was exonerated from the death penalty, but was exiled to Maozhou, Sichuan. That year, he was 71 years old, with a bumpy journey and a lot of fatigue, and before he reached his destination, he fell ill in Kuizhou (夔州, in present-day Fengjie, Chongqing).
Before being exiled, he wrote a poem "Bei Yi Men" with a deep sigh, and the words were full of affection for his hometown Jinhua and Zheng Yi men: "There is no other thought in life, and I miss it in Linxi." Sauvignon Blanc is born, and death is coming back. How much he wanted to teach and teach in the green mountains and rivers of his hometown for the rest of his life, but Linxi, who made him remember, could only meet in his dreams.
Xu Yongming, a professor and doctoral supervisor of the Humanities College of Zhejiang University who participated in the Zhejiang Cultural Research Project, is an expert in the study of ancient Chinese literature, and has written "The Head of Wenchen - The Biography of Song Lian" and "The Annals of Song Lian", in his view, Song Lian has two points that are worth learning from future generations, one is his experience of studying hard when he was young and hard at a young age written in "Sending Dongyang Ma Shengsheng", which is of great educational significance for the generation of young people living superiorly today; second, Song Lian is above the temple, still concerned about the fate of small people at the bottom of society, and wrote "Du Huan's Small Biography", "Li Doubt's Biography". Remembering the biographies of small people such as "Li Ge" and praising their shining virtues, it is not easy for a feudal scholar to do this.
Song Lian knowledge tu card
Song Lian (1310~1381), also spelled Jinglian, was a Qianxi. His ancestral home was Jinhua Qianxi, and he later moved to Pujiang Zheng Residence. "Early Ming Dynasty Poetry Three Masters" "Zhejiang Dongsi Mr.".
He was in Zhejiang: He spent most of his life in Jinhua engaged in writing and education, and his articles are famous all over the world. His "Zhuzi Debate", "Qianxi Collection", "Longmenzi Condensation Dao", "Puyang Character Record", "Luoshan Collection", etc., were all completed in Zhejiang. He has trained a large number of students and left a rich legacy in Zhejiang, even if he has been in Nanjing for 18 years, the landscape and humanities of his hometown are always haunted, and Qianxi and Linxi have become the homesickness symbols of his works.
In his textbook, "Sending Dongyang Ma Sheng Sequence" is included in the Second Grade Literature and Speech Unit of the People's Education Publishing House.
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