In 1961, Chairman Mao wrote the famous "Seven Laws: Answering Friends"
The white clouds on the Nine Ridges Mountain flew, and the emperor rode the wind to the green breeze.
A thousand tears of a branch of bamboo, a hundred flowers of red xia.
The cave garden is full of snow, and the people of Long Island sing and write poems.
I want to dream of it, and the kingdom of Hibiscus will be full of morning light.
Chairman Mao expressed his nostalgia and wishes for his hometown in his reply to his friend, but there were many speculations about this friend, who was this friend?
Figure | Zhou Shizhao
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="7" > friend is Zhou Shizhao</h1>
According to Zhou Shizhao's daughter Zhou Yanyu, she once asked her father who this friend was in Chairman Mao's "Seven Laws and Answering Friends" who was.
Zhou Shizhao told her: "Definitely answer me, but I can't pass it on." ”
Zhou Yanyu also went to Learn from Chairman Mao's secretary, Link, who, as Chairman Mao's secretary, would copy some of Chairman Mao's poems, and the title of the copy kept in Link was "Answer to Zhou Shizhao."
In 1963, when Chairman Mao personally presided over the editing of "Mao Zedong's Poems", the title of the poem was "Answer to Zhou Shizhao" in the first edition of the manuscript. Later, Chairman Mao changed the title to "Answer to Zhou Shizhao's Classmates."
Near the time of publication, Chairman Mao proofread it again, and finally changed "Answer to Zhou Shizhao's Classmates" to "Answer to Friends."
In January 1964, the English translator of Mao Zedong's Poems asked Chairman Mao to explain some of the words in the poem. When talking about who the friend in "Seven Laws and Answering Friends" is, Chairman Mao said with great certainty: "It is Zhou Shizhao. ”
Figure | Chairman Mao
In the mouths of these people or in the manuscripts, we can confirm that Chairman Mao's "Seven Laws and Answering Friends" was written to Zhou Shizhao.
Let's look at the content of this poem again, the weather is clear, the white clouds on the Nine Ridges Mountain are fluttering, and two fairies are floating down the mountain in the breeze. Jiuling Mountain, the place where Shun was buried after his death, refers to Shun's two wives, Emperor E and Lady Ying. The two fairies came down from the mountain where their husbands were buried, expressing that the fairies could not bear to leave and stayed for love.
Banzhu, also known as Xiangfei Bamboo, is said to have been washed with tears all day after the death of her husband, and the bamboo was covered with their teardrops. Chairman Mao used Xiangfei Bamboo to express his thoughts for his deceased wife Yang Kaihui and told his friends about his feelings.
The poem was written in 1961, the author told the nostalgia for his hometown and his deceased wife, and then lamented to his friends the prosperity of new China, the wave of joint construction of socialism was in full swing among the masses of the people in Dongting Lake and Orange Island, and on the land of the motherland, songs praising a better life touched the earth.
The last sentence also shows that the author misses the hometown where hibiscus is in full bloom, and sighs the scenery of his hometown with his friends, and misses the beauty of his hometown.
Why did Chairman Mao tell Zhou Shizhao about his feelings for his deceased wife and hometown? This starts with the acquaintance of the two of them.
Figure | Yang Kaihui
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="9" > the friendship between Chairman Mao and Zhou Shizhao</h1>
In 1913, Chairman Mao, who came from a poor family, saw the enrollment report of the provincial teacher training and saw that the tuition fees were all free, and Chairman Mao was moved. After thinking about it for a while, I felt that it would be good to become a teacher after graduation and serve the people.
Chairman Mao submitted an application for registration, and after the admission letter arrived, Chairman Mao entered the provincial normal school.
In the same year, Zhou Shizhao also saw this enrollment advertisement, his family has a large population, eating every day is a problem, not to mention the tuition fees needed to go to school, seeing that this school is exempt from tuition and miscellaneous fees, he will not stop telling his family the good news.
Later, Zhou Shizhao also passed the admissions examination and entered the provincial normal school, and became a classmate with Chairman Mao.
Because the two people have similar backgrounds and have the same lofty ambitions for the country and the people, the two people soon became good friends and confidants, eating and living together in school, studying and discussing together.
Figure | First Teacher
In the summer of 1918, Zhou Shizhao joined the Xinmin Society initiated by Chairman Mao, stood firmly with Chairman Mao, actively supported the decisions made by his close friends, and assisted Chairman Mao in his revolutionary activities.
At the same time, the two people also serve as editors in the Xiangjiang Review, and the two people share common goals and ideals, pay attention to the alternation of China's new and old society, and contribute to China.
In the autumn of 1918, Zhou Shizhao and Chairman Mao graduated from the provincial normal school together.
After graduation, Zhou Shizhao found a job as a primary school teacher, and later Zhou Shizhao invited Chairman Mao to teach at the school. During that time, neither of them was wealthy, living in a house made of wooden planks, and from Zhou Shizhao's house, you can see Chairman Mao writing at his desk.
The winter in the south was relatively cold, Chairman Mao only had a thin quilt, and when it was too cold to bear, he took his own quilt to find Zhou Shizhao, and the two people huddled on the same bed, relying on each other for warmth, and the feelings of the two people became deeper and deeper.
But such days will not last long, Chairman Mao, under the influence of Yang Changji and other teachers, believes that to save China, it is necessary to go to revolution and fight, and Zhou Shizhao, under the influence of his teacher Xu Teli, firmly chose to take the road of education.
Although the two people have different ideas, they have the same goal, that is, to save China, one chose the barrel of the gun, the other chose the barrel of the pen.
In 1921, Zhou Shizhao entered Southeast University, and Chairman Mao firmly joined the Communist Party of China and embarked on a different path of saving the country and the people.
Although the two men were thousands of miles apart, their letters were never broken, and even Chairman Mao asked Zhou Shizhao for his opinion on the anti-Japanese resistance, and Chairman Mao regarded Zhou Shizhao as one of his few confidants and friends.
Chairman Mao's wife at that time, Yang Kaihui and Zhou Shizhao, were also good friends, and they were also students of Yang Kaihui's father, Yang Changji, although Zhou Shizhao did not arrive at the scene when Chairman Mao got married, but this relationship Zhou Shizhao was also a person who knew the roots.
In 1927, Zhou Shizhao graduated from Southeast University, and he chose to return to his hometown of Changsha and entered the private Mingde Middle School in Hunan to teach. It so happened that Chairman Mao was also in Changsha at this time, and the two finally met again after 7 years of separation, but because the two people were busy, this meeting was only a hasty meeting.
After this, Chairman Mao threw himself into the tense War of Resistance Against Japan, and Zhou Shizhao also devoted himself to the education industry.
In 1949, when Changsha was liberated, Zhou Shizhao and Chairman Mao wrote good news about the liberation of Changsha, and Chairman Mao called back:
Yu Dian respected Xi and was extremely impressed. At present, the revolution has not yet succeeded, and there are still many difficulties ahead, so I hope that Mr. Wang will unite all teachers and students, step up their study, and participate in the cause of the people's revolution.
In 1950, Chairman Mao invited Zhou Shizhao to Beijing to participate in the National Day activities, and Chairman Mao's special treatment of Zhou Shizhao still caused Jiang Qing to be puzzled, and he asked Chairman Mao: "What kind of classmate is Zhou Shizhao?" ”
Chairman Mao said: "This classmate of mine has known me for many years, and it is not an exaggeration to call him my confidant, but he is relatively thick and honest and timid. ”
On October 1, Zhou Shizhao was invited to the Tiananmen Gate Viewing Platform to participate in the National Day Ceremony.
A few days later, Chairman Mao personally received him in Zhongnanhai, and 23 years had passed since the two of them had last met, and both of them were very excited, and although there had been correspondence over the years, it was a pity that they had never met their friends.
Figure | National Day military parade
Chairman Mao also discussed with him the issue of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and Chairman Mao said:
If it really destroys Korea, even if it cannot withstand the Yalu River, our northeast will often live in its threat, and it will be difficult to carry out peaceful construction. It must insert three sharp knives into China's body, a knife from North Korea into our head, a knife from Taiwan into our waist, and a vietnamese knife into our feet. When we resist US aggression and aid Korea, we are defending our homeland and defending our country. Punch it open, lest a hundred punches come, and will not allow its wishful thinking to succeed.
Zhou Shizhao and others listened to Chairman Mao's views on confrontation with the United States and aiding Korea, and they all admired Chairman Mao and could think of so much with great foresight.
After this, after Zhou Shizhao returned to Changsha, he exchanged more letters with Chairman Mao, and once in the letter, Zhou Shizhao asked Chairman Mao about his ideas for joining the Chinese Communist Party, and Chairman Mao advised him:
"My idea is that you should not join the Party, that it would be more convenient for you to be active outside the Party for your work, and that your role outside the Party would be greater than that of joining the Communist Party. What do you think? ”
After listening, Zhou Shizhao seriously thought about it and told Chairman Mao: "If the chairman is right, I will not join the Communist Party, and I am a good friend of the Communist Party." ”
Chairman Mao listened to Zhou Shizhao's answer and was relieved in his heart: "You will do a good job in your education work and carry out your work boldly, and the work of the CPPCC and the democratic parties must also be done well." ”
After hearing this, Zhou Shizhao no longer dwelled on the matter of joining the Communist Party of China, did a good job as a good friend of the Communist Party, and in the spirit of being responsible to the party, zhou Shizhao reported to Chairman Mao on anything that was unfavorable to the party.
Figure | Communist Manifesto
In 1958, when the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference was convened, Zhou Shizhao met chairman Mao in Beijing and explained to Chairman Mao the problem of false reports in the process of the "Great Leap Forward."
Chairman Mao met With Zhou Shizhao in his office and asked him, "Brother Zhou, where did you inspect this year?" What do you see? ”
Zhou Shizhao replied: "When I went to the countryside this year, I saw that many places were lying about the amount of grain, and the figures for grain output seemed to be exaggerated, for example, some villages said that one mu of land can produce thousands of kilograms of grain, and even said 10,000 kilograms. ”
Chairman Mao fell into contemplation after listening to it, and after a moment told Zhou Shizhao: "I have understood that we cannot encourage this kind of exaggerated atmosphere, and we must seek truth from facts. If you dare to tell the truth, you can observe and correct your erroneous practices, and you are worthy of being a good friend of our Communist Party. ”
In the special period, Zhou Shizhao was also greatly impacted, some people directly rushed into his home like robbers to loot the things in the family, not only the money was taken away, some clothes were also robbed, and even the out-of-print books he had collected for a long time were also torn up.
After Zhou Shizhao met Chairman Mao in Beijing, Chairman Mao smiled and said to Zhou Shizhao: "I heard you say that your home is also "taken care of"? ”
Zhou Shizhao smiled bitterly and said to Chairman Mao: "I originally didn't have anything, and some of the things outside my body were taken away, but it was a pity that some of my collection of orphan books, seeing those books were torn up and discarded, I was really heartbroken." ”
Zhou Shizhao did not understand and hated the raiders, and after reporting to Chairman Mao, the atmosphere of raiding the house gradually weakened, and it was later stopped. Zhou Shizhao was also not raided by anyone after Chairman Mao explained it to his comrades in Changsha.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="11" > the poems of Chairman Mao and Zhou Shizhao</h1>
Chairman Mao was able to write to Zhou Shizhao "Seven Laws and Answer friends" to express his thoughts about his deceased wife and his hometown, and he could not do without Zhou Shizhao's talent in poetry, and he and Chairman Mao could sing and harmonize.
In 1955, Chairman Mao went to Changsha for an inspection, Zhou Shizhao was also in Changsha, free time, Chairman Mao met Zhou Shizhao to swim together, in the Xiang River where the waves rolled, Chairman Mao ignored the persuasion of the people around him, insisted on swimming in the water, and changed his swimming posture from time to time.
Chairman Mao traveled happily, and immediately after going ashore, zhou Shizhao went to climb Yuelu Mountain together in the afternoon, and in their youth, they often went to Yuelu Mountain to visit, and now they revisit the old place, accompanied by old friends, of course, they have to go to Yuelu Mountain again.
Mao Zedong and Zhou Shizhao climbed the highest peak of Yuelu Mountain together, and Zhou Shizhao recalled the chairman's vigorous swimming posture and heroic posture when climbing the mountain, and his poetic hair was great, and he immediately made a poem "Seven Laws: From Chairman Mao to the Yuelu Mountain only Yunlu Palace.".
The sound of the rolling river walks away from the white sand, and the fluttering flag shadows roll red xia.
Straight up to the cloud foothills of three thousand zhang, to see Changsha millions of homes.
The homeland has been empty for several years, and the east wind is full of green mulberry.
The southern tour has seen Sheng Pingle, and he uses the book to praise Wuhua.
Later, Zhou Shizhao wrote this poem by hand and sent it to Chairman Mao, who saw the poem and immediately gave Zhou Shizhao a poem back:
"Seven Laws and Comrade Zhou Shizhao"
The mighty spring breeze lingered for a while, and then stepped on the peak to look at the eyes.
The wind blew the waves from the oasis, and the rain came up the mountain from the green field.
ZunQian talked about laughing people still, and the chicken worms outside the territory were sad.
Mo sighed that Shaohua was easy to pass away, and thirty years were still in Hexitai.
Chairman Mao and Zhou Shizhao sang a harmony and showed the beauty of the Xiang River in front of everyone, and Chairman Mao also expressed his deep friendship with Zhou Shizhao in his poem.
Chairman Mao's attainment of poetry is very high, it just so happens that Zhou Shizhao was very interested in poetry in his youth, the two people were originally close friends, and the two people had such a tacit understanding in poetry, Chairman Mao was even happier.
Later, when Zhou Shizhao passed by Xuchang, he recalled the allusion that Cao Cao had blackmailed Tianzi to order the princes, so he wrote the "Five Laws of Passing Xuchang":
Ye Shi heard Cao Cao, and the autumn wind passed through Xuchang.
The deserted city is bordered by the wilderness, and the broken jie lies in the slanting sun.
The city is full of smoke and fragrant, and the leaves of the beans are long.
In the new century of the people, who knows the king of Yi.
Zhou Shizhao gave this poem to Chairman Mao, and Chairman Mao wrote back to Zhou Shizhao after reading it: "I have already read the poems you sent, and this year I will swim in the Yangtze River and give you a "Water Tune Song Head Swimming" in return. ”
Chairman Mao and Zhou Shizhao's poetry singing and harmony did not end, and in the available data, it is shown that the two replied to more than 20 poems.
Figure | Zhou Shizhao with his family
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="13" > Chairman Mao wrote down the answers</h1>
The scenery of Shaoshan Mountain is beautiful, and it is here that a great man of a generation, Mao Zedong, was born.
In 1960, Zhou Shizhao went to Shaoshan to play, and wrote "Jiangchengzi National Day to Shaoshan" in the sightseeing scenery:
Liangchen Jiaqing to Shaoshan, red flag side, colorful lights hanging, ten thousand red xia swaying blue waves in front.
It seems that the flow of water and people is endless, and the words and laughter are long-
At night, the silk strings are played on the field, the drums are filled, and the dances are danced.
The revolutionary struggle sings good psalms. Singing to the sacrifice of more ambition, people are excited, Moon Chan Juan.
This poem should not have accidentally been sent to Chairman Mao in handwritten editions, and Chairman Mao once said to Zhou Shizhao: "If you want to send me poems often, I will definitely return." ”
Figure | Former residence of Chairman Mao
Zhou Shizhao once said: "After 1958, I almost copied the poems I wrote to the chairman at any time, and always accepted his encouragement. ”
Zhou Shizhao's daughter said: "The Seven Laws of Answering Friends should be a reply to her father's "Jiang Chengzi". The description of the sunset glowing red like fire has similar traces.
In the eyes of Zhou Shizhao's relatives, Zhou Shizhao's "Jiang Chengzi" is a work that inherits the past and the future, and it is influenced by Chairman Mao's "Seven Laws to Shaoshan" and triggers Chairman Mao to write "Seven Laws and Answer friends".
Chairman Mao and Zhou Shizhao have been poets for many years, and it is not surprising that his relatives have speculated so.
However, in some of Zhou Shizhao's manuscripts, there may be more than one friend in the "Seven Laws and Answering Friends" written more than once, so why did Zhou Shizhao tell his daughter: "The friend is answering me", but outside he said that there was more than one friend?
Zhou Shizhao's daughter said in an interview: "There is no doubt about the deep friendship between my father and Chairman Mao, but since the specific name is not written in the title of this answering friend, it may not be answered to the father in the eyes of outsiders, and according to the cautious character of the father, he will not say very firmly in front of outsiders that this is written to me, so he will write more than me in his manuscript." ”
Moreover, Chairman Mao's letter to Zhou Shizhao had been lost in the move, and Zhou Shizhao's cautious answer was correct.
However, according to historical records, in February 1964, the People's Daily wanted to publish Chairman Mao's poems and asked Chairman Mao for instructions on unclear issues in Chairman Mao's poems.
In the explanation given by Chairman Mao on "Answering Friends", "Long Island" refers to Changsha, and the friend is an old classmate of Changsha. Therefore, it can be proved that this poem was written for one person, and Zhou Shizhao, the only one who had poetry exchanges between changsha's old classmates and Chairman Mao.
Figure | Ye Junjian
In 1992, Zhou Shizhao's son-in-law, Wu Meichao, asked Mr. Ye Junjian, the English translator of Mao Zedong's poems, for advice on the issue of Chairman Mao's friends, but Ye Lao's son was hospitalized at the time, and Ye Lao's son gave Wu Meichao several foreign translations of Mao Zedong's poems, of which the "friends" were singular translations.
In 1993, after Mr. Ye Junjian was discharged from the hospital, he sent a letter to Wu Meichao, which read:
Knowing that you came to know whether the "friend" was one person or more than one person in the translation, I checked the information, and in the translation was a friend, to a friend. Also a friend in other translations.
At that time, Qian Zhongshu, Qiao Guanhua, Yuan Shuipai and I were involved in the translation, and when we translated, we were all confirmed after argumentation.
After so many people's arguments, basically this friend of Chairman Mao's "Seven Laws and Answering Friends" was determined to be Zhou Shizhao. In the latest edition of "Selected Poems of Mao Zedong", it has been clearly pointed out that the "friend" is Zhou Shizhao.