Qianlong and Qing Dynasty bureaucrats
Although the compilation of the "Four Libraries of the Whole Book" has made small achievements, compared with the books collected in the Four Libraries and the books destroyed by the Qing court, there is less than one in ten, which is actually a great catastrophe for Chinese culture. When it comes to Xiu Siku, everyone thinks of Ji Xiaolan, but the initiator is not Ji Xiaolan, but Yu Minzhong. Friends who do not understand the history of the Qing Dynasty are not familiar with him, in fact, this person occupies an important position in the history of the Qing Dynasty, especially the Qianlong Dynasty, he is one of the military ministers in the middle of the Qianlong period, not the chief but better than the chief, he in order to slip Qianlong, he tried his best to encourage the opening of the Four Treasury Pavilion, with the merits of the Four Libraries he was loved by Qianlong, and finally was rewarded with a first-class light car lieutenant, the image was painted in the Purple Light Pavilion, becoming the first Hanchen in the Qing Dynasty to receive this award.
Purple Light Pavilion
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Yu Minzhong, born in 1714 in Jiangsu to a family of scholars, died in 1780 (the forty-fourth year of Qianlong). His great-grandfather was a jinshi in the Shunzhi period, who served as a zhixian and devoted himself to serving the people, and finally died in office; his grandfather was a jinshi during the Kangxi period, with many works and extremely high cultural attainments; his father was a wuyingdian editor and participated in the compilation of the Kangxi Dictionary. Yu Minzhong grew up in this kind of cultural family, talented and intelligent, it is said that at the age of 10 can recite the Five Classics, at the age of 13 can assist his father in work, at the age of 14 can visit hundreds of homes. In 1729, the 16-year-old Yu Minzhong Zhongxiang examination; in 1737 (the second year of Qianlong), the temple examination was zhongzhuangyuan, at the age of 23, which was the youngest zhuangyuan in the Qing Dynasty.
Yu Minzhong
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="7" > second, to the grassroots level</h1>
After the Song Dynasty, jinshi was called "Tianzi protégé", which was equivalent to canceling the students' personal friendship with the chief examiner of the imperial examination, but in fact, this could not completely separate the students' gratitude to the chief examiner, so there was a teacher in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The seat teacher is the student's attachment to the chief examiner of the imperial examination, that is, the disguised teacher-student relationship, which is of great help to the student to become an official in the future.
When Yu Minzhong took the exam in the capital, the chief examiner was Zhang Tingyu, Zhang Tingyu went through the three dynasties of Kang Yongqian and was highly trusted, according to the traditional political rules, Yu Minzhong also tacitly accepted Zhang Tingyu as a teacher. After being elected as a champion, Yu Minzhong was immediately assigned to the Hanlin Academy for study, where he stayed for seven years, during which he had no other appointments except for the appointment to edit the History of the Qing Palace, and he was very idle. Until 1744, Yu Minzhong was promoted to Shandong Xuezheng and was released from Beijing for the first time, after which he continued to serve as a scholar and made certain contributions to local cultural undertakings. Especially in 1747, when he was transferred to Zhejiang Xuezheng, Zhejiang's economy was rich and the literary style was also flashy, for which Yu Minzhong vigorously advocated practical learning in Zhejiang and suppressed the flashy literary style, And Zhang Xuecheng once praised Yu Minzhong for "picking up the forest, removing the absurdity, and succeeding" in Zhejiang.
Qing Dynasty court
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="11" >3, back to the center</h1>
In 1754 (the nineteenth year of Qianlong), the Qianlong Dynasty was in the middle of the period, and the 40-year-old Yu Minzhong was also transferred back to the capital to serve as the right attendant of the military department in this year, and began to contact the real power of the central government. Soon after, he was transferred to the rank of squire of the Punishment Department, and during this term of office, Yu Minzhong put forward good suggestions for public security and flood prevention in remote areas of the Beijing Division, which was really praised by Qianlong. Soon Yu Minzhong experienced one of the most criticized things in the world, that is, "filial piety". In 1756, his father died, and Yu Minzhong Ding worried; in 1758, For Minzhong's father who had a kind affection for Minzhong (Yu Minzhong was first passed on to him, and later sent back), Yu Fang died again, and he could only continue to worry about Ding; soon after, Yu Minzhong's birth mother died again, and he had to continue Ding Worry. The feudal dynasty ruled the country with filial piety, and after the death of the relatives of the current officials, they must resign their posts and go home to guard the funeral. After worrying about Ding, Yu Minzhong was afraid of being absent for a long time and his position was not secure, so he concealed the news of his mother's death and merged the worries of his father and mother into one. This may not be a big deal today, but in ancient times it was "unfilial" and a moral stain. Yu Minzhong was then impeached by Yushi, but Qianlong not only rejected Yushi's impeachment, but also scolded Yushi for "exaggerating his words" and "stigmatizing people's honors", which shows Qianlong's love for Minzhong.
Unaffected by the "moral stain", Yu Minzhong was promoted to the rank of Tobe Waiter in 1759 and became one of the masters of the imperial treasury. In 1760, he walked at the military aircraft with the rank of Tobe Shiro (Military Aircraft Minister) and had become one of the decision-makers of the Empire, with a status similar to that of a prime minister. After entering the military aircraft department, Yu Minzhong ushered in a lifetime of glory.
Qianlong
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="15" > four, not the chief is better than the chief</h1>
When Yu Minzhong entered the Military Aircraft Department, his seniority was relatively light and his official position was not high, so his sense of existence was not strong, and he was only one of many military aircraft ministers. In 1773, he was promoted to a member of the University of Zhengyipin Wenhuadian and walked in the Military Aircraft Department. In 1774, the chief military aircraft minister Liu Tongxun died, according to the time of entering the military aircraft department, Liu Tongxun was followed by Yu Minzhong, so after Liu's death, Yu Minzhong was the first flight of the military aircraft department, above the Manchu military aircraft minister Shu hede. Of course, in fact, whether it was the ranking of the imperial poems that the Emperor, the Court Sent, or the Qianlong RewardEdi, Yu Minzhong was not the first, so Yu Minzhong was definitely not the real chief military minister. However, this did not prevent him from exercising the right to lead the military aircraft, and it was appropriate to describe Yu Minzhong's position in the military aircraft as not the chief and like the chief.
Liu Tongxun
This can be seen in the following ways:
First, Qianlong's love for Minzhong. Qianlong's first four southern tours were accompanied by Yu Minzhong, and the reason why he was not accompanied by yu Minzhong on the last few tours was because Yu Minzhong was already dead at that time. Yu Minzhong accompanied him so well that after the third and fourth parades, Yu Minzhong was rewarded with a year of extra money. According to statistics, from Qianlong's first tour of Jiangnan in 1762 to His death in 1780, Qianlong traveled around 13 times in the past 18 years, accompanied by Yu Minzhong. A year after Yu Minzhong's death, Qianlong posthumously honored him as a first-class light vehicle lieutenant, hung an image of the Purple Light Pavilion, and entered the Xianliang Ancestral Hall, which was the first Hanchen in the Qing Dynasty to receive this special reward. In addition, for Minzhong's family, Qianlong also took care of it, and Yu Minzhong's wife was a pint, and even the concubine room was also titled sanpin. Giving the concubines the title of Concubine, the Qianlong Dynasty, except for the Manchurian nobleman Yin Jishan, was only Yu Minzhong.
Second, political discourse. Although Yu Minzhong was in the group, he repeatedly contradicted the chief military aircraft. Two major events in the Qianlong Dynasty, one xiu siku quanshu and one Wang Qiwang case, are related to Yu Minzhong. In 1772, when the court discussed the opening of the Sikuguan, liu Tongxun, the chief military minister at that time, urged that it was impossible, and Yu Minzhong openly opposed it, insisting that it must be opened, and the two of them quarreled, asking Qianlong to rule, and Qianlong finally fell to Yu Minzhong's side. In 1774, Yu Minzhong initiated the implementation of the donation system in Gansu, that is, the rich people in Gansu could exchange money for the status of a state supervisor, the military minister at the time Shu Hede objected, Yu Minzhong and Shu Hede had a verbal exchange, and finally the emperor still supported Yu Minzhong, which led to the Qianlong Dynasty's largest corruption case, Wang Qiwang, and seized more than 2.8 million taels of stolen silver. Liu Tongxun was called "humerus" by Qianlong, Shu Hede was a manchurian nobleman, and their status and feelings with Qianlong were higher than those of Yu Minzhong, but in these struggles Qianlong supported Yu Minzhong, which showed that Minzhong's actual political voice was extremely high.
Wang Qiwang in the film and television drama
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="22" > Wen Shijun said</h1>
Yu Minzhong had the name of incorruptibility and humility during his lifetime, but after his death, Yu's descendants were accidentally exposed to Minzhong's accumulation of 2 million taels of silver, and Yu Minzhong's image was destroyed in Qianlong's heart, and then many bad deeds were found out in Minzhong. For example, in collusion with the eunuch Gao Yuncong, Gao Yuncong helped Yu Minzhong settle the lawsuit of forcibly occupying land from Yu Minzhong; Yu Minzhong promoted Yang Jingsu, yang Jingsuguan to the viceroy of The Governor and then promoted Yu Yijian, the brother of Yu Minzhong, to be a directly subordinate envoy; Su Songliang DaoZhang Pangui spent 22,500 taels to build a garden in Yu Minzhong, and Yu Minzhong gladly accepted it on the grounds that the friendship between teachers and students was not good; in the Qianlong Dynasty's first corruption case, Wang Qiwang, in the case of Wang Qiwang, the first corruption case of the Qianlong Dynasty, was also believed to be because of "Yu Minzhong's protection." In 1786, the Qianlong Emperor mentioned Yu Minzhong again in his edict, saying that he had "read the yan song transmission and touched the precepts... Yu Minzhong withdrew from the Xianliang Temple."
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="24" > references</h1>
Gao Xiang, "A Brief Discussion on the Central Power Distribution System of the Qing Dynasty: A Re-understanding of the Relationship between the Cabinet, the Military Aircraft Department, and the Imperial Power," Journal of Chinese History, No. 04, 1997.
Zhou Yuanlian: "Commentary on the Qianlong Emperor", Manchu Studies, No. 01, 2003.
Yang Xue: "Yu Min's Middle Age Spectrum", Master's Thesis of Nanjing Normal University, 2014.
(Author: Haoran Wenshi Purple Orange)
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