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Author of this article: Poetry book farming reading Surabaya coast
Xun Zi (荀子), courtesy name, courtesy name Qing, was a Zhao guoren during the Warring States period, and was known as "Xun Qing" by the world, also known as Sun Qing because he avoided the han Xuan Emperor Liu's inquiry.
After the death of Confucius, "Confucianism was divided into eight", and the Xunzi school was one of the important branches. "Han Feizi Xianxue" "Since the death of Confucius, there have been Zi Zhang's Confucianism, there is Zi Si's Confucianism, there is Yan's Confucianism, there is Meng's Confucianism, there is the Confucianism of the Lacquer Carving Clan, there is the Confucianism of the Zhongliang Clan, there is the Confucianism of the Sun Clan, and there is the Confucian of the Lezheng Clan", of which "the Confucianism of the Sun Clan" is the Xunzi School. From the perspective of later generations, Mencius and Xunzi should be representatives of the further development of Confucianism since Confucius.
In the seventh year of the Northern Song Dynasty, Xunzi was posthumously honored as Lanling Bo and entered the Temple of Confucius with Mencius. Later, the theory flourished, and the tendency of Zun Meng became more and more serious, originally Zun Meng and Zun Xun were not contradictory, but later scholars attacked each other. During the reign of Ming Hongzhi, Zhang Jiugong believed that Xunzi had five "crimes" and should be expelled from the Confucius Temple, and in the ninth year of Jiajing, the emperor ordered xunzi to be officially expelled from the Confucius Temple. In modern times, xun attacked Meng, and anti-Confucianism prevailed, which made Xunzi's status "suddenly rise": these are actually inappropriate.
[1] Xunzi statue
One. Non-twelve sons
Xun Zi's thought and view of human nature are not the objects of this series of studies, and it is difficult to give him a pertinent and realistic evaluation. Xunzi's most controversial article should be the article "Non-Twelve Sons".
The article "Xunzi Non-Twelve Sons" criticizes the representative figures of the various schools of the pre-Qin Dynasty, such as Qi Hu, Wei Mu, Chen Zhong, Shi Yu Chief, Mo Zhai, Song Ju, Shen Zhi, Tian Biao, Hui Shi, Deng Xian, Zi Si, and Meng Ke, and finally concludes that "he is also the unpowered one of the saints, and Zhongni and Zigong are also". Han Bao's "Biography of Poetry" quotes "Xunzi", and there is no article satirizing Zi si and Mencius.
Siku Guanchen commented that Xunzi "to be fair, the source of Qingzhi's learning is from Kongmen, and the closest among the sons is his strength; the presidency is too much, and the meaning of the word may be excessive, which is his shortness." We cannot judge whether his judgment is pertinent or not, nor can we think that his angle is correct. However, the "Non-Twelve Sons", like the "Zhuangzi Tianxia Chapter", reflect the Hundred Schools of The Sons and Give a more detailed division plan, and the later "On the Essentials of the Six Schools" and the "Hanshu Yiwenzhi" undeniably refer to their division methods in the content of their "Zhuzi Sketches". Zhang Xuecheng's "School Chicken Tongyi": "The most important academic source of the "Han Zhi" seems to have the meaning of the Taishi Narrative, as well as Zhuang Zhou's "Tianxia" and Xun Qing's "Non-Ten Sons". ...... This narrative is therefore about the essentials of the Ming Dynasty, not about the afterlife. ”
The Catalogue of Ancient Chinese Philology originated from the classification and cataloging of Qunshu when Liu Xiang and Liu Xin were studying Qunshu. Zhang Xuecheng's "School Chicken Tongyi" Yun "Liu "Liu "Liu" and "Zhi" are the origins of ancient works". Although bibliography was initiated by Liu Xiang and Xin fathers and sons, the "Xunzi Non-Twelve Sons" and "Zhuangzi Tianxia Chapter" and "Shi Ji Tai Shi Gong Self-Order" still play the function of "distinguishing the academic scholarship and examining the source stream" of the bibliography in terms of the classification of academic streams and the "catalog" of the order of article titles. Although he did not have the great achievements of Liu Xiang and Xin's father and son, he also played an important role in the emergence of bibliography.
[2] The "purpose" of the "catalogue" is derived from the fishing net, and the "outline of the catalogue" is "the order of the catalogue"
Two. Matsuri sake
The Chronicle of Mencius XunQing records that Xunzi "came to study in Qi at the beginning of the fiftieth year... Chun Shenjun died and Xun Qing was deposed, because of the family LanLing. The "Outline of the General Catalogue of the Four Libraries, Sub-Departments, and Confucian Class I" argues that Liu Xiang further believes that Xunzi entered Qi during the reign of King Xuan of Qi, and that the Chronology of the Six Kingdoms records the death of Shenjun Zaichun, 87 years after the end of King Xuan, so Xunzi should have been 137 years old when he resigned in the Chu State, so "Chao Gongwu's "Reading Chronicle" said that the "Records of Reading" said that the cloud year of the "Records of History" was the fifteenth year of the year, which meant that it might be true."
The Biography of Meng Xun also records: "... And Xun Qing is the most teacher. Qi Shang was short of doctors, and Xun Qingsan was sacrificed to wine. The index explains, "And Qing San is a sacrificial person, which means that Xun Qing was in the position of Grand Master Kang Zhuang three times before and after entering and leaving, and all of them were respected by him, so Yun 'three is a sacrificial wine' also." Xun zi held the most honorable position of "sacrificial wine" three times at the Minoru Gakuen Palace, which shows that his academic achievements were recognized at that time.
In addition, when Xunzi was making sacrifices under The Temple, or later in his life, he taught a large number of outstanding disciples, of which Li Si and Han Fei were representatives, and the Records of History were more detailed and should be true. Zhang Cang, Fu Qiubo, and Da Mao Gong were also said to be his disciples, but due to limited access to literature, they could not be confirmed. In addition, Xun Zi's "Persuasion" has inspired generations of students to work hard.
[3] Minoru Gakugu Diagram
Three. The ancestor of the endowment
The Book of Han and Yiwenzhi divides the books into "six or thirty-eight kinds of dafanshu", and Ban Gu's classification method is derived from Liu Xin's "Seven Sketches", representing the highest level of the Han Dynasty Historical Records Catalog. Among them, "poetry endowment" is divided into qu yuanfu, Lu Jiafu, Sun Qingfu, miscellaneous fu, and song and poetry. "The great Confucian Sun Qing and the Chuchen Qu Yuan left the country of sorrow, both endowed with the wind, and the meaning of the ancient poetry of compassion was preserved", Xunzi and Qu Yuan had an important influence on the development of later generations of words, and were known as the "ancestors of the words".
The Book of Han, Yiwenzhi, and Poetry Were integrated into the Collected Records of Chu Ci in the Later Ruan Xiaoxu's Seven Records, and later classified into the Category of Chu Ci in the Siku Quanshu General Catalogue, and Xunzi's Cifu was an important part and source of the Jibu.
Most of the pre-Qin literature is dead, and many of the ones that have survived to this day are still difficult to distinguish between true and false. One of the main reasons for this is that Qin Shi Huang burned books to pit Confucianism and Xiang Yu to burn Xianyang. Han beginners painstakingly found a few words from the ruins and reconstructed the towering treasure trove of literature. The next article, "Character History", mainly tells about the survival and survival of Fusheng.
Resources
Wang Xinfu, Lecture Notes on Philology, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 2005.
Zhang Shunhui, Chinese Philology, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 2009.
Cheng Qianfan and Xu Youfu, "School Chicken Broad Sense", Qilu Book Club, 1997.
Du Zexun, "Outline of Philology", Zhonghua Bookstore, 2001.
Sun Qinshan, History of Ancient Chinese Philology, Zhonghua Bookstore, 2014.
Sun Qinshan, Chinese Paleography, Peking University Press, 2006.
Ruan Yuan's engraving of the Thirteen Commentaries on the Thirteen Classics, a photocopy of the Zhonghua Bookstore
Outline of the General Bibliography of the Four Libraries of wuyingdian ben, photocopied by the National Library Press
Sima Qian, Sanjia Notes , Records of History , Zhonghua Bookstore
Zhang Xuecheng, "Literature and History of Tongyi", Zhongzhou Ancient Books Publishing House, 2012.
Zhang Xuecheng, "School Chicken Tongyi", Ancient Books Publishing House, 1956.
Chen Guoqing, Compilation of Notes on the Art of Hanshu Literature, Zhonghua Bookstore, 1983.
Yao Mingda, History of Chinese Bibliography, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 2011.
Wang Xianqian, "Xunzi Collection Interpretation", Zhonghua Bookstore, new compilation of Zhuzi Integration, 1988.