In the spring of 264, after the fall of the Shu Han Dynasty and the end of the Three Kingdoms, Eastern Wu had to face the dual pressure from the north and the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River independently.
In the same year, Sun Hao, the last emperor of Eastern Wu, took the throne.
Fortunately, Sima Shi was busy with internal affairs and had no time to take care of external affairs, and Sun Hao, who had just ascended to the throne, also seemed to have achieved quite a good job. As a result, the Jin-Wu confrontation was temporarily stuck in a stalemate.
However, the direction of Chinese history has always been unification, so the Jin-Wu War was inevitable.
The last of the Three Kingdoms turned the tide of resistance between the stars and the land, and even defeated the Jin army at the Battle of Xiling, and single-handedly protected the Defense Line of the Yangtze River of Eastern Wu, allowing Eastern Wu to live for 17 more years, which can be described as the last national pillar of Eastern Wu.
In the war years, such a brilliant general star should have been said to have the supreme trust of the king, but Lu Kang did not seem to have this treatment.
Although there is no threat to life, Lu Kang got Sun Hao's "cold violence", and many of Lu Kang's suggestions in his later years, such as stone sinking into the sea, just can't wait for Sun Hao's response.
Lu Kang did not wait for Jianye's emissaries and instructions, and eventually died of depression; and the tyrant Sun Hao soon ended up in the fate of death and destruction of the country.
If the skin does not exist, the hair will be attached.
Sun Hao, who was a wise man in the early days, should have understood this truth, but the country was in danger, but he ignored the pillar of the country, was it really the country that was about to die and the number of qi had been exhausted?
Of course not. The theory of fate is nothing but self-deception, and the real history is that there are many undercurrents hidden in Jiangdong in the last years of Eastern Wu.
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Sun Hao originally had a natural foundation of trust in Lu Kang and his family.
Sun Hao was Sun He's son, and Lu Kang's father was named Lu Xun. The relationship between Sun He and Lu Xun was very early and deep.
After Sun Deng's death, Sun Quan made Sun He crown prince, but he also favored Sun Ba, the king of Lu. Sun He and Sun Ba competed for the throne for more than 10 years, which was the dispute between the two palaces.
In the article "Do Lu Xun and Sun Quan Really Trust Each Other", Zi Yu once analyzed in detail that the dispute between the Two Palaces was almost the great showdown between the Jiangdong Shi clan and the Huai Si Shi clan:
Lu Xun and other Jiangdong Shi clans all chose Sun He, while the Huaisi Shi clan almost all chose Sun Ba.
The Lu Xun family is naturally no exception, Lu Xun's sons Lu Yin, nephew Gu Tan Gu Cheng and others are deeply involved.
And this is not the result that Sun Quan wants to see. Therefore, taking advantage of the dispute between the two palaces, Sun Quan deposed Sun He, forced Lu Xun to die, exiled Zhu Zhao, Gu Cheng, and Gu Tan to Jiaozhou, and uprooted the Jiangdong Shi clan, which had always been a big tail.
In other words, the dispute between the two palaces made Sun He owe a great deal of affection to the Jiangdong Shi clan.
Of course, at this time, Sun Hao did not have the capital to return this human feeling, and Lu Kang did not dare to cry out for his father and the family, and could only silently and obscenely develop.
After the death of Lu Xun and others, the purpose of rectifying the tail of the Jiangdong Shi clan has been achieved, and the Jiangdong Shi clan with deep local roots is an indispensable intermediary for the extended ruling tentacles of Eastern Wu.
Therefore, the Jiangdong Shi clan was not exterminated, but was once again appeased by Sun Quan.
In 245, at the age of 20, Lu Kangshi was appointed by Sun Quan as a lieutenant of Jianwu Commandery; the following year, he was transferred to the rank of General of Jiezhong Lang; Sun Liang took the throne and was made a general of Fenwei.
When Sun Quan was dying, he even affectionately pulled lu Kang's hand and said, "I listened to rumors, wronged your father, and treated you badly, and now I have rehabilitated your Lu family, and the future is bright."
In fact, this is just Sun Quan's dying layout: let the Huaisi clique pick the big beams (Zhuge Ke, Sun Jun) and appease the Jiangdong Shi clan (Lu Kang, Lu Kai) in order to smoothly transition to the young emperor Sun Liang to grow up.
Of course, Lu Kang and the Jiangdong Shi Clan also had no choice but to continue to develop obscenely.
However, Sun Quan's exquisite layout was destroyed by the ambitionist Sun Jun. Sun Jun took advantage of Zhuge Ke's self-conscious and talented characteristics to successfully cut Zhuge Ke off the horse, and deposed Sun Liang, who had not yet had time to grow up, and installed Sun Xiu on the throne.
The 13 years from Sun Liang to Sun Xiu were the infinite tilting of the Huaisi clan and the sun clan after coming to power, Sun Hong, Zhuge Ke, Teng Yin, Sun Qiao and others were successively killed, and the Eastern Wu high-level changed several stubbles.
The Jiangdong Shi clan, led by Lu Kang, has always held a group to run the grass-roots level, silently watching coldly, and finally waiting for the opportunity to come.
In 264, the 30-year-old Jing Emperor Sun Xiu died, and the crown prince was young. At Wan Yu's suggestion, Puyang Xing and Zhang Bu decided to welcome the eldest son of the late crown prince Sun He, Marquis Sun Hao of Wucheng.
In that year, Sun Hao ascended the throne as emperor. He finally had the capital to return the family's affection.
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Sun Quan fought with Lu Xun and Gu Yong all his life without any success, and finally in his later years, he took advantage of the Battle of the Second Palace to win the Jiangdong Shi clan, which was not great, and returned the power to the hands of the Huaisi clique and the Sun clan.
However, this is the law of balance in eastern Wu politics that Sun Quan has only realized in his lifetime, and Sun Hao, who is only 23 years old, has almost no political experience and naturally cannot be conscious.
Therefore, in the year that Sun Hao ascended the throne, Lu Kai, the son of The Lu Xun clan, was promoted from the general of Zhengbei to the general of Zhenxi and the pastor of Jingzhou, and Lu Kang was also promoted to the general of the Zhen army and the pastor of Yizhou.
In the same year, Sun Hao, on the grounds that Puyang Xing and Zhang Bu were dissatisfied with him, killed them, and immediately appointed Wan Yu and Lu Kai as his right and left ministers.
Lu Xun died because of Sun He, then Lu Clan must be loyal to his father, and now that he has ascended to the throne, he should return this favor. Sun Hao didn't think there was anything wrong with it.
However, this appointment was almost tantamount to announcing the revival of the Jiangdong Shi clan.
At this time, in the Eastern Wu Dynasty, Wan Yu and Lu Kai were appointed as left and right ministers, Ding Feng and Shi Ji were the left and right Sima And followed by the zhenjun general Lu Kang, which was the top structure of the empire.
Although Wan Yu was a key figure in Sun Hao's ascension to the throne, he himself had no foundation and was soon impeached and left by Lu Kai; while Ding Fengshi was already dying of old age, and he did nothing until his death.
That is to say, Erlu almost monopolized the military and government of Eastern Wu, comparable to the situation in which Gu Yong was the prime minister and Lu Xun was the general.
Thus, in the following years, Eastern Wu entered a brief situation of Junming Chenxian. Correspondingly, Sun Hao had great trust in Lu Kai in his early years, just as Sun Quan trusted Lu Xun in those years.
Ding Zhong requested to attack the Western Jin Dynasty, but Lu Kai said that he could not fight, so Sun Hao decided not to send troops; Sun Hao did not like the minister to look up at him, Lu Kai said that this was not good, Sun Hao allowed Lu Kai to raise his head; Sun Hao moved the capital to Wuchang, Lu Kai said that he should be sympathetic to the people's strength and should not move the capital, Sun Hao returned to the capital Jianye.
However, in Lu Kai's later years, the contradiction between Sun Hao and Lu Kai was almost public.
Lu Kai advised Sun Hao several times, but Sun Hao ignored him and instead reused He Ding to usurp Lu Kai; after Lu Kai's death, Sun Hao deeply hated his "number of offenses" and almost did not listen to his last words.
Coincidentally, Sun Hao's image has also been transformed into a tyrant who is "rough and arrogant, more taboo, and good wine" in recent years.
Why, Lu Kai is Sun Hao's guiding light, and those who listen to him are the sages, and those who don't listen to him become tyrants? Maybe Lu Kai is really a sage, but this coincidence must be catty.
Sure enough, in Lu Kai's rather rich book, Zi Yu saw such a sentence, "The former emperor's outer staff Gu Lu Zhu Zhang, the inner close to Hu Zong, Xue Zong, is based on Shu Ji Yongxi, the state within the Qing Pu."
This passage is from "Shangshu Advised Wu Lord Hao not to obey the Twenty Things of the Former Emperor", the specific meaning is just one sentence: If you want to govern internal affairs well, you must listen to the four major families of Gu Lu Zhu Zhang (the representatives of the Jiangdong Shi clan).
Is there some sense of what Lu Xun meant when he advised Sun Quan to bow down and rule? (For details, see "Lu Xun is invincible, why is the situation in Eastern Wu getting more and more embarrassing?") 》）
Coincidentally, Sun Hao moved the capital to Wuchang, which is also the old routine left by his grandfather Sun Quan.
So, does this mean that Sun Hao has realized his grandfather's predicament and repeated his grandfather's method of suppressing the Jiangdong Shi clan?
Let's take a look at the treatment and encounters of the famous general Lu Kang, which may be evident.
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In fact, we all know that Lu Kang is a famous general in Eastern Wu, but we rarely notice that Lu Kang's promotion record is very interesting.
In 264, when Sun Hao ascended the throne, Shenglu Kang was made a general of the Zhen Army, but the defense area remained unchanged, and he was still responsible for the defense of the western part of Jingzhou, stationed in Xiling.
Lu Kang remained in this position until the death of his brother Lu Kai.
From 270 to 271 AD, Sima Shiji and Ding Feng died successively, and at this time, whether it was ability or seniority, almost no one in the army was more suitable for the position of Sima Da and Jingzhou Mu than Lu Kang.
However, Sun Hao appointed the military governors of Xinling, Xiling, Lexiang, Yidao, and Gong'an to garrison Lexiang.
This appointment is interesting.
On the Yangtze River defense line of the State of Wu, more than 10 dudu districts were densely set up, which can be roughly divided into three sections: the Jingzhou defense line from Baqiu and Xinling to the public security, the middle section of the defense line with Wuchang Chaisang as the core, and the eastern section of the defense line with Wushu and Xuling as the core.
The eastern section of the defensive line is related to the safety of Jianye, generally ruled by the emperor in the center; the central front is relatively rare, generally used to train young generals or ruled by the western governor; and the western section of the Jingzhou defense line, that is, the current defense area of the land resistance, has been basically guarded by senior generals since the founding of the Eastern Wu State.
In the early days of Sun Quan, the shang general Lu Xun was Jingzhou Mu, as well as the great general Zhuge Jin, the hussar general Bu Qi, and the Xiling, and the three highest-ranking people in the Eastern Wu military circles were all on the western front.
After the death of Lu Xun and others, Zhu Ran took over the Jingzhou defense line and was given the title of Grand Sima of the Left and The Division of the Right Army; a few years after Zhu Ran's death, his son Shi Ji was promoted to the rank of Grand General of Shang, Governor of the Capital, and Governor of the Jingzhou Defense Line. Then there's Lu Kang.
That is to say, most of the governors of the Jingzhou defense line are basically No. 1 or No. 2 in the Eastern Wu military circles, and even if they are not, they will be promoted to No. 1 or No. 2 when they take over.
When lu kang arrived, although he took over the task of the Jingzhou defense line, he did not get even the position of a great general. In other words, Sun Hao let him work but did not give him treatment.
Even after 3 years, Lu Kang won a great victory in the Battle of Xiling and turned the tide of the tide, Sun Hao only worshiped Lu Kang as the capital protector.
It was not until 273 AD that Sun Hao crowned Lu Kang as the Grand Sima and Jingzhou Mu, which was regarded as giving Lu Kang the treatment he deserved. But the next year, Lu Kang died.
This is not Sun Hao at all. You must know that when Lu Kai was treated, Sun Hao was promoted by rockets, and within two years, he was promoted from general zhengbei to minister. And now, why was Lu Kang so stingy with the official?
Moreover, after Lu Kang took over the Jingzhou defense line, he repeatedly wrote to request the strengthening of the defensive forces in Xiling and other places, and put forward many military and internal suggestions.
However, he did not receive any response from Sun Hao, neither adopting nor rejecting it, and not even a single sentence of knowing or the like did not appear in the annals of history.
Lu Kang was thus hung out for many years, and finally died in 274, at the age of 49.
As the last military pillar of Eastern Wu, posterity had many regrets about Lu Kang, however, Sun Hao did not trust Lu Kang at all, and even somewhat suspected him and the Lu family.
Although Junchen did not tear his face, in addition to Sun Hao's disregard for Lu Kang's suggestion, there are several details that are enough to explain all this:
In 273, in the same year that Sun Hao made Lu Kang the Grand Sima (大司馬), he made 11 princes of Lu and Qi kings in one go, and gave them 3,000 soldiers each.
After Lu Kang's death, Sun Hao immediately divided the soldiers led by Lu Kang equally among his 5 sons, and a year later, he moved Lu Kai's entire family to Jian'an County, far from the base area of Wu County.
Many people blame Sun Hao's suspicion of Lu Kang on the friendship of Yang Lu, but in fact, this reason cannot explain the above details.
Sun Hao's great sealing of the kings and the soldiers who divided the land to resist, what was the mystery?
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According to Shi Zai, Sun Hao hated Lu Kai very much for violating Yan Zhizhi's advice, but because he was a heavy minister and Lu Kang was a general outside, Sun Hao had to be patient and did not punish the crime according to law. (In the beginning, Hao Chang ranked Kai to commit a number of offenses against Yan Chen's will, and added He Ding's structure to not be one, not only as a heavy subject, it was difficult to bring the law, but also as a general in Xinjiang when he resisted, so he was tolerant.) ）
This account is worth scrutinizing.
First of all, the emperor hated the ministers, the most common practice was to depose, and would not allow wen and wu to collude with each other to threaten their own position, why did Sun Hao not only dare not bring Lu Kai to justice, but also always treated Lu Kai with courtesy, and also asked for advice on death?
Collusion between culture and force has always been a big taboo
Secondly, if Sun Hao was only jealous of Erlu, then after Lu Kai's death, what would be waiting for Lu Kang? Most of them were liquidated, but the truth was just the opposite: although there were some ups and downs, Lu Kang still achieved the great Sima and Jingzhou Mu, and held the Jingzhou defense line in his hands.
This shows that on the one hand, Sun Hao is not only afraid of Lu Kai and Lu Kang, on the other hand, he does not seem to doubt Lu Kang's loyalty.
Sun Hao's approach of being both jealous and gentle seems to be very contradictory, so what mystery is hidden in this?
In 270 AD, Lu Kai had died, Lu Kang was the governor of Xiling, and Wu Jun's Taishou He Shao discovered that Gu Lu and other family servants had made the state army work for his manor, so he reported to Sun Hao.
Wu County was the stronghold of the Jiangdong Shi clan, and many of the Hao clan were imprisoned for this, but Lu Kang wrote to ask for forgiveness, so all of these Hao clans were pardoned.
In 272, Xue Ying deserved to die for his sins, Lu Kang wrote a letter of intercession, and with earnest words, Sun Hao finally pardoned Xue Ying's life and exiled only to Guangzhou.
It is not clear what crime Xue Ying committed, but daring to let the national army do private work has always been a capital crime that is difficult to exonerate. However, these two letters of Lu Kang did not look like the national dry city at all, but rather like the protective umbrella of the Jiangdong Shi clan.
Combined with Sun Hao's suspicions about Lu Kailu Resistance above, as well as these two letters, the answer to all the mysteries is already obvious:
Sun Hao was not afraid of them personally, but the Jiangdong Shi clan represented by Gu Lu Zhu Zhang.
This behemoth, which had made his grandfather Sun Quan jealous all his life, had been suppressed by Sun Quan for a lifetime, but he was unsealed by Sun Hao.
In the years when Lu Kai was a chancellor, behind the story of Junming Chenxian, Lu Kai and Lu Kang also led the entire Jiangdong Shi clan, constantly licking the wounds of Sun Quan's era and growing back into a giant.
At this time, Eastern Wu's internal and external troubles were even worse, so in the face of this behemoth, compared with Sun Quan, Sun Hao was a little less tough and a little more afraid, which led to the above contradictory measures.
It can even be said that among Sun Hao's tyranny, some of them were forced by the Jiangdong Shi clan to do it.
In 275 AD, Erlu died one after another, and Sun Hao dared to attack the Jiangdong Shi clan and moved the Lu family to Jian'an.
However, after several tosses and internal frictions, Eastern Wu, whose family foundation was not thick, was even more shaky, and Sun Hao's suspicion of the Jiangdong Shi clan was even heavier than that of Eastern Wu, and after only 5 years, Eastern Wu perished.
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The Jiangdong Shi clan controlled the middle and lower classes of society, and if the Sun Empire wanted to gain a foothold in Jiangdong, it had to reuse them; however, the Jiangdong Shi clan only wanted to elevate the Sun clan and fight for the greatest interests for themselves and their families, but the Eastern Wu regime had to guard against them and be jealous of them.
Therefore, the love and killing with the Jiangdong Shi clan almost ran through the entire eastern Wu.
In 200 AD, Sun Quan succeeded Jiangdong and began to appoint the Jiangdong Shi clan, and Gu Lu Zhuzhang, represented by Lu Xun Gu Yong, began to cooperate with Eastern Wu and began to rise as a political group with Huaisi;
In 220 AD, the elite of the Huaisi clique died one after another, Sun Quan had to use Lu Xun to pick up the big beam, and then gu yong as the chancellor, and the Jiangdong Shi clan completely suppressed the Huaisi clique, and Wei Da began to pose a threat to the Sun regime;
Beginning in 229, Sun Quan used all means to suppress the Jiangdong Shi clan, all of which ended in failure, and finally succeeded in forcing Lu Xun to kill and exile Gu Chenggu Tan in the Battle of the Second Palace, the Jiangdong Shi clan declined in an all-round way, and the Huaisi clique returned to power;
In 251 AD, after Sun Quan's death, the Huaisi clique had many serious infighting, and Zhuge Ke, Sun Qiang, and others were killed one after another, and Yuan Qi was seriously injured;
In 264 AD, Sun Hao ascended the throne, and the Jiangdong Shi clan represented by Erlu was fully reused, and the Jiangdong Shi clan soon made a comeback, and once again aroused Sun Hao's jealousy.
With the death of Erlu, the Eastern Wu of the Sun regime also perished. However, although the country has perished, the Jiangdong Shi clan does not seem to have perished, and the story of the Lu family will continue.
Text/Zi Yu
References: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The Biography of the Three Heirs, the Biography of Lu Xun, the Biography of Lu Kai
"Eastern Wu and Jiangdong Shi Clan Series" Extended Reading:
1. The sadness of the young Lu Xun: Sun Ce killed his "father", but he had to choose to assist Sun Quan
2. Lu Xun was invincible, so why was the situation in Eastern Wu getting more and more embarrassing? Sun Quan finally found out what the problem was
3. The Death of Lü Yi: The Death of a Small Person, Why Did the Entire Eastern Wu Dynasty Hall Relax?
4. Is Lu Xun really trusting Sun Quan, and why was he forced to die in his later years?
5. The Battle of Xiling: Shu Han has been dead for 10 years, the Western Jin Dynasty has suppressed the border in three ways, and how to break the situation with 30,000 lone army of land resistance?