The Four "Strange" Reforms of Emperor Yuanhong of the Northern Wei Dynasty

In fact, yuankuo is not too aggrieved to change to Tuobakuo, because the ancestor of Yuankuo was originally surnamed Tuoba. As early as the Northern Wei Dynasty, there was an outstanding emperor, that is, Tuoba Hong, the Xiaowen Emperor of Northern Wei.

Tuoba Hong ascended the throne at the age of five. Because Emperor Tuoba Hong was still young and did not have the professional ability to command the civil and military officials, nor did he have the relevant experience in managing the country, the power of the dynasty was always in the hands of the strong woman Empress Feng.

However, Empress Feng was not Tuoba Hong's mother, but grandmother. Their relationship was very similar to that of Xiao Xuanye and Empress Xiaozhuang.

During empress Feng's reign, the development momentum of Northern Wei was generally good.

With the passage of time, Empress Feng was sick for a long time due to old age and decline, until she could not fight the disease, and she was reluctantly taken away by the black and white impermanence.

At the age of 24, Tuoba Hong officially began to pro-government, and because Tuoba Hong was deeply influenced by Empress Feng's government in his early years, he had become a teenager and an old man.

As the saying goes: There are three fires for a new official to take office. Because Tuoba Hong was at the level of an emperor, he had just grasped real power, so he had a little more fire, and it was actually four fierce fires that burned.

The first fire to be ignited was the introduction of reforms. (This is more common, and new emperors almost always do it.) ）

The second fire was to move the capital from Pingcheng to Luoyang. (This is relatively rare, and in history, Wu Zetian and Zhu Di did the big thing of moving the capital, Wu Zetian moved the capital from Chang'an to Luoyang, and Zhu Di moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing.) ）

The third fire was a unified language, specifically requiring Hu officials to stop speaking nonsense and to speak Chinese instead. For middle-aged and elderly officials over the age of thirty who have been talking nonsense for decades, it is not easy to change their mouths for a while and a half, and they can be suspended. For young officials under the age of thirty, they must immediately change their mouths completely. If it is violated, it will be demoted at the light, and the post will be reduced to the people. (This is rather special, and the hu emperors in history rarely have this realization.) ）

The fourth fire was to change his surname, changing his Tuoba surname to Yuan surname, that is, Tuoba Hong changed to Yuan Hong. (This is more bizarre, I have seen the emperor change the surname of others, but I have not seen the change of surname for myself.) ）

Why did Tuoba Hong change his surname to "Yuan"?

In the Zizhi Tongjian, it is recorded that in the twentieth year of Taihe, Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei issued an edict: "The northern people call the soil Tuo, and then the pull, and Wei Zhi first came out of the emperor, and the king of Tude, so he was tuoba." The futu, the color of yellow, the yuan of all things, should be changed to the surname of yuan".

That is to say, the origin of all things in heaven and earth is "Yuan".

More than 700 years later, Kublai Khan changed Mongolia to Yuan, also based on this meaning.

Historically, the reforms of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty were relatively successful, but in the process of reform, they inevitably encountered support and opposition, because the reform would reduce and lose the interests of the vested interests, and the disadvantaged would gain and increase the benefits. What human nature really wants is not "fairness", but a favorable position in "unfairness". In other words, whoever occupies the advantageous position supports it. Whoever is in a disadvantageous position opposes it.

After understanding this philosophy of what is fair and what is unfair, in the future, when the boss implements the company's reform and manages employees, he must fully instill the belief in the internal training of the enterprise: there is no absolute fairness in the world, the company does not have absolute fairness, and who wants to occupy a favorable position in the unfair, he must take the work ability and performance to prove. In this way, employees can improve their work ability and strive to perform well instead of expending energy to pursue fairness, and stay ahead of the curve in an unfair environment.

When employees are given such a reassurance, the company's internal friction is gone, and the company's efficiency will be greatly improved.

In 499 (the twenty-third year of Taihe), Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei died at the age of 33. Although he died young, in the limited life, his ruling career was so glorious. The Sinicization reforms he carried out had a far-reaching impact on future generations. It has been praised and praised by historians.

If you want to write an award speech to Yuanhong that touched China, you might as well write: "There is such a person, during his reign, in order to carry out reforms, he simply changed his surname. In order to exert himself, he only slept for three hours a day, and in order to promote the integration of the Xianbei and Han people, he encouraged the marriage between the Xianbei and The Han people. He played a positive role in the development of the Chinese nation and also had a profound impact on future generations. Who is he? He was Emperor Yuanhong of the Northern Wei Dynasty. ”

However, after the death of Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei, only 25 years later, the Northern Wei Xianbei military clique launched the anti-Sinicization campaign Liuzhen Uprising.

The Six Towns Rebellion is also known as the Six Towns Rebellion. It refers to the armed rebellion initiated by the six northern towns and people of various ethnic groups in 524 AD (the fifth year of the Northern Wei Dynasty).

Liuzhen (六镇) were six military towns set up in the early Northern Wei Dynasty on the northern border of the capital city of Pingcheng (present-day northeast of Datong, Shanxi), and from west to east were the six towns of Woye, Huaishuo, Wuchuan, Fumian, Rouxuan, and Huaihuang. The purpose was to defend against incursions from the north and defend the capital Pingcheng.

The direct cause of the rebellion in the six towns was the relocation of the capital of the Northern Wei to Luoyang, and the salaries, benefits, and status of the Xianbei and Xianbei nobles and soldiers in the six towns were inferior to those of the Xianbei nobles in Luoyang.

The root cause was the grievances of the aggrieved Xianbei nobles and Xianbei soldiers against the central leadership of northern Wei.

The main reason is that the contradiction between the Xianbei nobles and the Hanxian nobles is irreconcilable.

Historical rebellions have emerged one after another, one after another, and there are many kinds of things. However, the successful cases of rebellion are rare, and there are many examples of failure of rebellion. For example, the San Francisco Rebellion that threatened Kangxi's rule and the Anshi Rebellion that plagued the Tang Dynasty ended in failure, and we will describe the Anshi Rebellion in detail later.

In September 529 (the second year of Yong'an), under the strong leadership of Zhu Rong, a tyrant, the five-year-long Rebellion in the Six Towns was put down. The Six Towns Rebellion did not escape the historical doom of defeat.

Because there are too many heroes and historical events in this book, I am waiting to appear one by one. Therefore, the life deeds of Erzhu Rong, the benevolent brother, and the grand scene of the war of the Six Towns Rebellion will no longer be described in detail. Thank you for your understanding!

Okay, back to the point, let's go back to Yuwentai. He had rested enough in the background, and now he had asked Yuwen Tai to continue to play.