In the center of Guiyang, there is a 700-meter-long but very famous food street called Feishan Street. This street has a lot to offer.
(1) The "Sacred Tree" of Feishan Street
Many people know that before 2009, in the middle of the busy and bustling roads of Feishan Street, there was a huge soap horn tree, which was very affecting traffic for the congested Guiyang. But it is not easy for the authorities to relocate the tree. You see it, all the branches are hung with all kinds of red cloth strips that express blessings, and there are always pious men and women under the trees who prostrate for a long time, and even before someone buys lottery tickets, they have to ask for it, so that every day the incense is swirling and the candles are not extinguished. Because the legend says that this tree is very magical, as long as the relevant departments want to remove it, a large number of believers must come forward to stop it. In 2007, this soap horn tree could not stand the smoke and fire for many years, and it was in a state of dying, and the garden department rescued it several times to make it look new. Therefore, in order to protect the ancient trees and smooth the road, in 2009, the relevant departments made a decision to transplant again after a lot of publicity work, and now the tree has walked off the altar and lives peacefully in the nursery garden of Wulichong.
Why does this soaphorn tree stand in the middle of Feishan Street, and why does it attract so many people to worship? In fact, the soap horn tree was originally just an ordinary street tree, but later Feishan Street was widened by half, and it stood in the middle of the road. Near its location, where the Guiyang Planning and Design Institute is now located, before the Cultural Revolution was a temple with strong incense and fame, called the Feishan Temple. This is where the name Flying Hill Street comes from.
According to historical records, the Feishan Temple in Guiyang was built in the sixth year of the Qianlong Dynasty (1741) of the Qing Dynasty, commonly known as the "Yang Gong Ancestral Hall", and is a temple dedicated to the Dong leader Yang Zaisi and the ancestors of the Dong people. At that time, the Guiyang Feishan Temple, backed by the western city wall, in the distance outside the city is a rolling green mountain, the southeast of the temple is Zhongshan Park, the northeast is the Duck Pond (now Yueying Primary School), can be described as a mountain and water. Its building has a two-compartment courtyard with a front and rear hall, the main entrance is an aisle, and the two compartments are the residences of monks. The hall and the main hall are all single-storey single-eaves wooden structures, hard mountain roofs, and the main hall is shaped as a four-corner spire, with wing angles upturned and small green tile roofs. The pavilion is made of high-quality wood, with a rigorous structure and excellent craftsmanship.
This Feishan Temple was one of the most exuberant temples of incense in Guiyang, and every time Yang Zaisi's birthday (the sixth day of the first month of June), the death day (October 26), and the first and fifteenth days of the first month of each month, a large number of good men and women would burn incense and prostrate here. After the temple was demolished during the Cultural Revolution, the good men and women pinned their remembrance of Yang Zaisi on the soap horn tree on the side of the road, as pious as ever.
(2) Yang Zaisi's historical merits
Yang Zaisi, born in the first year of Emperor Zhaozong of Tang's Reign (890?) On the sixth day of the sixth lunar month of the lunar calendar, he died on the 26th day of the tenth lunar month in the fourth year of the Later Zhou Dynasty (957), and was buried in Changlinggang, Liping County, Guizhou Province (now part of Jiasuo Village, Zhongchao Town). He was the chief of the "Feishan Man" during the Tang Wei and Five Dynasties periods, and the leader of the Ten Ridges (Dong) (the above titles are from the History of Song), also known as the "Feishan Taigong".
As we all know, in the early years of the Tang Dynasty, the world was chaotic, in the words of historiography, it was "the division of the feudal towns, the decline of the royal family, the strife in the world, and the people's livelihood", but in the "Feishan Barbarians" area (including the borders of Xiang, Qian, and Yunnan) governed by Yang Zaisi, it was like a paradise, which was a completely different scene, Qing Guangxu's "Jingzhou Rural Chronicle" recorded, "After five generations of chaos, the world was destroyed, and Chengzhou (northwest of present-day Liping, Guizhou) relied solely on security", "To control the people (not only limited to the Dong compatriots), teaching farming and trading, The people in the territory have changed their color and have the grandeur of liturgical cultural relics. "This means that not only is the social environment stable, but also the introduction of cattle farming and textile technology, the opening of markets to promote commerce and trade, the people's spiritual outlook is positive, music, clothing and other cultures are rich, and the living standards of the people are very high."
Because of Yang Zaisi's meritorious service in Jingbian and the repeated military achievements of his descendants, the Song and Yuan imperial courts posthumously posthumously honored him eight times after his death. Don't think that the ancient emperors were all "posthumous teenagers", in fact, the quota of indicators for posthumous posthumous titles is still quite scarce. The eight posthumous titles of Yang Zaisi by successive emperors are as follows (you see which name is the coolest):
Kaibaozhong (968-976 AD), Song Taizu was posthumously awarded the title of Marquis of Yinghui;
In the third year of Shaoxing (1133), Emperor Gaozong of Song posthumously posthumously honored The Marquis of Yin;
In the thirtieth year of Shaoxing (1160), Emperor Gaozong of Song posthumously created him the Marquis of Weiyuan;
In the fifteenth year of Chunxi (1185), Emperor Xiaozong of Song was enfeoffed as the Marquis of Yingji;
In the eleventh year of Jiading (1218), Emperor Ningzong of Song was enfeoffed marquis of Guanghui;
In the ninth year of Chunyou (1249), Emperor Lizong of Song was again enfeoffed as the Marquis of Chuangyuan Yinghui;
In the nineteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1282), the ancestors of the Yuan Dynasty enfeoffed Xuanming to help King Shun;
In the sixth year of Yanyou (1319), Emperor Yuanrenzong enfeoffed Feishan Weiyuan Guanghui.
Looking at various historical materials, Yang Zaisi's historical merits are mainly to keep the ethnic minority areas on the border of Xiangqian and Yunnan under his rule prosperous and stable in the chaotic times. However, a peaceful and stable southwest barbarian chieftainate was of great benefit to the Song and Yuan court courts, which were constantly suffering from border troubles; a prosperous social environment was even more valuable to the vast number of ethnic minority compatriots in the midst of chaos. Main embodiment:
1. Establish management systems and systems suitable for the characteristics of ethnic minority areas, and vigorously develop agriculture, water conservancy, commerce and trade to increase productivity.
Yang Zaisi established Guzhou, Longli, Tanxi, Hongzhou, Bajiao, Hu'er, Zhonglin, Liangzhai Ouyang, Xinhua and other ten ridges, and the number of ten chiefs (the "Song Shi Chenghuizhou Biography" records: "Song Chu, Chenghui Prefecture, Tangxi Prefecture, Yang Clan Juzhi, the leader of the Ten Ridges, with his clan surname Scattered Palm Prefecture Gong"). Each of them set up a "long history" (also known as a "section head"), which was held by prestigious leaders such as Wu, Shi, Long, Pan, and Xiang; established the "Gong System" (that is, the officially promulgated regulations), the "Paragraph Covenant" (also known as the Dong Section, that is, the Township Rules and Regulations), and strict organizational orders.
Before Yang Zaisi, the Yang family did not have a character generation, and zaisi used the seven characters of "Zai, Zheng, Tong, Guang, Chang, Sheng, and Xiu" as the character generation to standardize the ancestral order of the Yang family, and the local surnames of Pan, Shi, and Wu followed the example of their own family generations, promoting and accelerating the harmony of the various clans in the territory.
In the Wuling Wuxi generation, the water flow is abundant, the land is fertile, and there is a foundation for the development of rice farming, Yang Zaisi and his father and son vigorously promote the advanced production technology of the Han nationality in the Central Plains in this area, teach people to dig canals for irrigation, use cattle to cultivate the fields, and make agricultural planting develop; build a market every twenty or thirty miles to vigorously promote the prosperity of commerce and trade; promote and improve textile technology, so that people can put on colorful clothing, go to "Doye", and sing songs. It can be said that the economy, society, and national culture have all achieved unprecedented development.
2. Strengthen military defenses and expand territory.
At that time, when the world was in turmoil, more than a dozen feudal towns were fighting endlessly, and the Chengzhou area was naturally attacked on all sides: the Chu state in the east and north, the former and later Shu states in the west, the Southern Han kingdom in the south, and the Jingnan kingdom in the northwest corner, and there was a possibility of invasion at any time. Yang Zaisi divided his ten sons (Zhenglong, Zhengtao, Zhengxiu, Zhengyue, Zhengqian, Zhengxuan, Zhengyan, Zhengsong, Zhengquan, and Zhengjian) and his brother's two sons (Zhengrong, Zhengheng) into various towns and fortresses, organized formations of young and middle-aged people to learn martial arts, and repeatedly repelled strong enemies. During the Later Jin Dynasty (936-946), Duyun, Luodian Barbarian Chieftain Yin Huaichang, and Mu Mu Man ChiefTain Zhang Wanjun, seeing the wealth of Chengzhou, successively attacked Chengzhou, but were all defeated and fled by The Flying Mountain Barbarians led by Zaisi father and son. Two years later, The Chieftains Yin and Zhang Erman, together with the eight surnames of Fan Shuai in the southwest, besieged Chengzhou, and then thought of their father and son as pioneers, divided their troops and strictly defended, and at the same time used the anti-strategy to break through each one, and finally set up an ambush at the border between Qianyue and Guangdong to annihilate the first evil. After several battles, it not only defended the homeland and production of the people of Chengzhou, but also expanded its sphere of influence. Unwilling to endure the cruel oppression of the barbarian feudal lords in the southwest, the serfs successively defected to Chengzhou and submitted to the moral rule of Yang Zaisi's father and son, so that on the basis of the original Ten Ridges, Chengzhou added finance, Jinda, Jingbao, Qiongshui, Sanjiang, Sanlang and other 36 villages, as well as the eastern province of the people, the western province of Sanhedu, the southern province of Wuzhandu, and the northern province of Zhuxi. According to the "General Records of the Yang Zaisi Clan", chengzhou, in addition to most of the territory of the original Xuzhou, stretched east to Chenxi, Zhongfang, and Xinning in Hunan, south to Yining in Guangxi (that is, present-day Lingui, Longsheng, and Sanjiang) and Guizhou Congjiang and Rongjiang, west to Shiquan and Huangping in Guizhou, and north to Xiushan and Youyang in Chongqing, more than twice as large as the original map.
3. Judge the hour and size up the situation, and follow the trend.
First, "Attaching Chu" is a very wise choice.
At the beginning of Yang Zaisi's administration of his own territory, an elite warlord army was killed from the north, led by the heroic and warlike Ma Yin. From 894 to 896, in just two or three years, Ma Yin gradually unified most of Hunan and seized several lingnan prefectures. In 907, Zhu Wen declared himself emperor and established Later Liang, and Ma Yin immediately sent an envoy to Pay Tribute, was made the King of Chu, and the capital was TanZhou (Changsha), and then gradually unified Hunan. At that time, Pan Jinsheng led the area around Feishan and Wukai (present-day Liping County, Guizhou Province), and Yang Zaisi supported each other in tanyang and Langxi in Xuzhou to resist Ma Yin. As a result, Ma Yin captured Pan Jinsheng in three strokes and beheaded Him in Wugang. However, Yang reconsidered the situation and sent envoys to reconcile with Ma Yin, so that the area around the "Flying Mountains and Barbarians" would be saved from war and gain a legal status, laying a political foundation for future economic and cultural development. After several years of contact, perhaps because he liked Yang Zaisi's temperament as a young hero, or perhaps because of the needs of the political regime, Ma Yin, the king of Chu, also married his daughter to Yang Zaisi as a third house. According to this, many people believe that Yang Zaisi is a "surrender faction" and has no integrity, and an old man in JingXian County also wrote an article asking the government to destroy all the Feishan Temples. Those who have studied Ma Yin may know the gentle side of Ma Yin's personality, and he has first resorted to persuasion in many battles. After the fall of Later Liang, whenever there was a change of power, Ma Yin immediately submitted tribute to the new powerful forces to protect the people from war, such as in 923 (the first year of Tongguang), Li Cunxun destroyed Later Liang, established Later Tang, Ma Yin immediately ordered his son Ma Xifan to enter the Capital Dynasty to pay tribute, and handed over the Du tong seal letter granted by Hou Liang; in 926 (the first year of Tiancheng), Emperor Mingzong of Tang took the throne, Ma Yin sent envoys to pay tribute, and was given the title of Shou Shang Shu Ling and Ma Yin as the King of Chu.
Yang Zaisi reconciled with King Machu, not only in exchange for the peace of the people of Chengzhou, a large territory, and a third wife, but also learned many advanced concepts for social and economic development. Ma Yin was killed from the Central Plains, saw many big worlds, and had great economic expertise. He rewarded nongsang in the Chu state, advocated textiles, and introduced a policy that allowed the masses to use the cloth they woven to pay taxes, which greatly promoted the development of the textile industry; he developed the tea industry by means of "making the people make their own tea" and "listening to the people sell tea to the north", encouraging the masses to create their own tea brands and exempting tea circulation from tariffs; the Chu state also set up commercial warehouses in many northern cities such as Bizhou, Jingzhou, Xiangzhou, Tangzhou, Yingzhou, and Fuzhou (at that time, it was called Hui Tuwu, which was equivalent to today's specialty stores). In exchange for silk and war horses from the Central Plains, Ma Yin also used lead and iron to mint money and issue his own currency, so that merchants had to buy a large number of products in Chu before leaving the country (if the Qing Dynasty did not close the country, according to this development, where to go to the world with US dollars). These development concepts and practices of Yang Zaisi's third father-in-law still seem to be very advanced today, and the stability and prosperity of the Chu state have undoubtedly benefited the Chengzhou area under Yang Zaisi's rule.
Second, the descendants of the Yang clan inherited and carried forward the practices of the old ancestors.
In judging the situation and actively adapting to this point, Yang Zaisi and his old father-in-law Ma Yin should have a lot of common language. In the following centuries, Yang Zaisi's descendants inherited and carried forward the practices of their ancestors. After the demise of the Machu regime, in the years when the Central Plains regime "you sing and I ascend to the stage" and the wolf smoke in the land of China was everywhere, Yang Zaisi's children worked hard while gradually expanding the scope of the "Feishan Barbarians" to the vast areas of present-day southwest Hunan, southeastern Qiandong, and northwestern Gui (including Jingzhou, Huitong, Tongdao, Qianyang, Huaihua, Pupu, Mayang, and Zhijiang in Hunan), while exerting political wisdom, paying tribute to the monarchs of the dynasty, and seeking the well-being of the people. In the first year of Jianlong (960), the Northern Song Dynasty Taizu Zhao Kuangyin Li Dynasty, Yang Zaisi's ten sons, so he reverently attached to the Song Dynasty; in the eighth year of Kaibao (975), the successors Zhengyan and Zhengtao Xiancheng Prefecture were called Chennagong, Taizu Daxi, posthumously re-sied as "Chengzhou Assassin History", "Yinghui Marquis" (also known as Yinghui Gong), gave the "Tombstone of Yang Yinghui Huihou" (now Yang Zaisi's tombstone is the original), and at the same time canonized Zhengyan as the Duke of Guo, Zhengxiu Thorn History, Zhengtao Zhijun, Zhengyue Zhizhou, Zhengyi Zhizhou, Zhengquan Taiwei, Zhenglong Shaobao, Zhengsong Du envoy, Zhengqin (俭) was in charge of the military and political power of Chengzhou; in the fifth year of the Taiping Revival (980), The grandson tongbao of Zaisi paid tribute, was rewarded by Emperor Taizong of Song, and the history of Chengzhou was transferred from Hu'er to Neigu Prefecture (formerly known as Tanyang County, now Liping Mengyan's Luoli); in the eighth year of Shenzong Xining (1075), his great-grandson Yang Guangfu led the twenty-three Dong dynasty tributes; in the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), the imperial court placed Quyang County with the guanbao (zhai) of Yuanzhou, which belonged to Chengzhou, and the state was moved from Neigu Prefecture to Quyang (present-day Jingzhou, Hunan); Chongning 2nd year, The sixth grandson hereditary Chengzhou stabbed Yang Shengzhen into tribute, and the Song Huizong Si Yang clan Jingbian's merits, a hundred years without trouble, gave Chengzhou the name of "Jingzhou".
In the early years of the Yuan Dynasty (1280), the Tufu of the ethnic area was changed to "Tusi", and the Zhixuan Consolation Division and the ChiefTainsi Wereen. Yang Shi was appointed as the deputy envoy of Sizhou and Sinan Xuanwei Division, and the envoys of HuangPing, Kaili, Duyun, and Dingyun were pacified, and more than ten chiefs and deputy chiefs were hereditary. By the time hongwu of the Ming Dynasty followed the Yuan system, the successors of The Zaisi descendants were Guzhou, Sanlang, Hu'er, Cao Di, Longli, Qiongshui, Shengxi, Bachang, Tixi, Wanshan, Sugeban, Cen Song, Jin Rongjinda, Baiyan, Left Vice Of Biaoqiao, Right Vice of Biaoqiao, Yaodong, Shiquan, Anyi Rongxi, Sesame Ping, Shuidejiang, Pingtou Zhuke, Wuluo, Jiulijiang, Hengpo, Shiye, Yimei, Pingcha, Chixi Xiangdong and other chief and deputy governors. On the second day of the first month of February in the eleventh year of Yongle (1413), he began to "change the land and return to the stream", established the province of Guizhou, abolished Sizhou and Sinan Xuanwei And set up a mansion, set up a prefect of the liu official and a bureaucrat to govern Sidi, and set up a Tutong judgment and a Tutui Palace in the Government, and the Yang clan hereditary government in the middle of the Tu office. Adhering to the precepts of the ancestors, the chiefs of the various divisions took obedience to the imperial court as their natural duty, took diligence and love for the people as their duty, guarded the land and the people, and followed the customs and customs, which lasted for more than 800 years. For the long-term peace and stability of the motherland and the unity and prosperity of the Chinese nation, he made great contributions, and finally collapsed with the collapse of the feudal system at the end of the Qing Dynasty.
(3) The Imperial Court granted the construction of the Feishan Temple and the Feishan Temple in each village
The common people were grateful for Yang Zaisi's merits in guarding tranquility and developing economic and cultural industries, and only three years after Yang Zaisi's death, they revered him as the "Flying Mountain Taigong God" and built a temple to worship. In the sixth year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1083), Emperor Xuan complied with the will of the people and gave the "Yang Zaisi Temple" to the main peak of Feishan Mountain in the northwest of Jingzhou City, so it was named "Feishan Temple", and the Southern Song Dynasty Lu You gave a couplet that also demonstrated Yang Zaisi's merits: "Clarify the beacon smoke and be loyal to the sun and the moon, and open up the Wanghua Road Xuanren Buyi ZhuangHe Mountain".
Jingzhou Feishan Temple is the origin of countless "Feishan Temples" across the country. Since then, from the Northern Song Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty, by the imperial court, the faith of the people, the inheritance of the descendants of the Yang clan, the posthumous newspaper, the Feishan Temple (palace) is all over the borders of Xiang, Qian, Sichuan, Hubei, Gui, and Yunnan, and the ancient temples have survived, and now there are new buildings. The "Jingzhou Rural Chronicle" records that "each village has a Feishan Temple", and the "General History of the Miao People in China" also states: "Every village in the Wuxi area of Wuling has a Feishan Temple." "In contemporary times, it is more famous, and there are many units listed as key cultural relics protection units by the state, province, city (prefecture, prefecture) and county levels, mainly including: Hunan Jingzhou Feishan Temple, Huitong Gaochai Yangjia Ancient Village, Suining Dongshan Feishan Temple, Chengbu Feishan Temple, Chengbu Yang's Official Hall, Phoenix Feishan Temple, Phoenix Shujiatang Yangjia Ancient Castle, Qianzhou Feishan Temple, Huayuan Feishan Temple, Guizhou Zhenyuan Linggong Temple, Tongren Feishan Temple, Jinping Feishan Temple, Cen Gong Feishan Temple and so on.
The significant difference between Feishan Temple and other temples is that most of the other temples are dedicated to legendary gods, which are nihilistic and idealistic, while Feishan Temple is dedicated to heroes in reality, which is both worship and worship, inheritance and learning, and has more historical significance.
If guiyang Feishan Temple still exists, it must also be a scenic spot in Guiyang that traces history and patriotic and patriotic education base, but history is not what if, the temple has been destroyed during the Cultural Revolution, and the sacred tree has also been moved, but in the depths of the noisy city of cars and horses, there is a street name, like a ray of light in the starry sky, for us to look up, warm, and guide us forward.