Cai Gongshi used the Japanese language and the Japanese soldier theory to severely condemn the Japanese army's violation of international law and gross violations of Chinese diplomatic organs and diplomats. However, the brutal Japanese soldiers did not wait for Cai Gongshi to finish speaking, so they knocked Cai Gongshi to the ground with the butt of his rifle, and tied Cai Gongshi and all 17 retinues. Subsequently, a Japanese soldier read out the order of Yansuke Fukuda, commander of the Japanese Sixth Division, to massacre the diplomats.
On May 3, 1928, in order to gain benefits in China and then occupy China, Japanese imperialism brazenly attacked and occupied Jinan on the pretext of protecting overseas Chinese, wantonly slaughtered our innocent military and civilians and diplomats, killed 6,123 Chinese soldiers and civilians, wounded more than 1,700 Chinese soldiers and civilians, and created the "Jinan Massacre" that shocked China and foreign countries. This was the most inhumane scene in modern international history before the Nanjing Massacre.
Cai Gongshi followed Sun Yat-sen's revolution for many years
Cai Gongshi, a native of Jiujiang, Jiangxi, is nicknamed Tiger Fool, Gong Fool, and Idiot Gong. In 1902, Cai Gongshi went to Japan to study, and later joined the Chinese League, often accompanied by Sun Yat-sen, and became a staunch revolutionary. Because he had traveled east to Japan twice, his Japanese was excellent, and he was involved in Japanese affairs, and Sun Yat-sen mostly let Cai Gongshi mediate. When Sun Yat-sen was hospitalized due to illness, Cai Gongshi was always by his side, eating and bathing, and he was one of the very few Kuomintang people who accompanied Sun Yat-sen around him and listened to his last words when he died.
In April 1928, the newly established National Government in Nanjing held the Second Northern Expedition, and the Northern Expedition led by Chiang Kai-shek was victorious and soon invaded Shandong Province. Fearing that China would not be allowed to invade wantonly after reunification, Japan did its best to obstruct the Northern Expedition and sent troops to Jinan in the name of protecting overseas Chinese. Zhang Zongchang fled and the Northern Expeditionary Army occupied Jinan on May 1, when Cai Gongshi, who was then the director of the Diplomatic Department of the Field Political Affairs Committee, was proficient in Japanese and familiar with Japanese conditions, and also served as a special negotiator in Shandong, responsible for contacting and negotiating with the Japanese consulate in Jinan, demanding that the Japanese government withdraw its troops from Jinan.
When he set out from Xuzhou, Cai Gongshi said to Chiang Kai-shek: "This time when I go out, I expect that the Japanese will definitely make trouble with us." If we give in, they will be even more fierce, and we must deal with them in the spirit of revolution. Chiang Kai-shek later recalled: "I told him (Cai Gongshi) that you have fulfilled your duties as a diplomat, and you must do so in order to live up to your mission." Therefore, after he was later held by the Japanese army, he did not yield at all. ”
Cai Gongshi rebuked the Japanese army for atrocities in Japanese
At that time, the Japanese army was breeding incidents in Jinan and provoking everywhere. At 10:00 a.m. on May 1, a battalion commander and a major aide-de-camp of the National Revolutionary Army led four company commanders to find a house to the intersection of Jingwuwei Wulu Road, and were captured by armed Japanese troops and killed with bayonets on the spot, and the bodies were dragged to be burned. The officers and men of the Northern Expeditionary Army, who were assembling in Jinan at that time, were also constantly killed by the Japanese army.
On May 2, Yansuke Fukuda, commander of the 6th Division of the Japanese Army, led his troops from Qingdao to Jinan. At this time, there were more than 3,000 Japanese troops in Jinan, and they designated Jingyi Road, Jinger Road, Weiyi Road, and Weisan Road as the East Garrison Area, and designated Jinger Road, Jingliu Road, Weiliu Road, and Weishi Road as the Western Garrison Area, and set up a number of cannons near Jingqi Road, laid out machine gun positions, and preemptively arranged defense zones in Jinan's commercial port areas, embassies and consulates, post offices, banks, hospitals, and other locations, prohibiting Chinese military and civilian passage and prohibiting residents from going out in commercial port areas.
On May 2, Cai Gongshi arrived in Jinan. At about 8:00 a.m. on May 3, Cai Gongshi entered the Shandong Negotiation Office located at Xiaowei 6th Road, Jingsi Road, Jinan Commercial Port. He personally hung a statue of Sun Yat-sen, a national flag and a banner on the front wall that read, "The revolution has not yet succeeded, comrades still need to work hard." Cai Gongshi was about to negotiate with the Japanese side, but he heard the sound of gunfire from all over the city, and there were also Japanese soldiers and plainclothes teams in front of the Shandong Negotiation Office. Cai Gongshi had to call the Japanese consul in Jinan, Nishida, and ask why the conflict had arisen. Nishida replied slyly: "Somehow there was a misunderstanding between the two sides, and the two sides should now immediately cease fire." When Cai Gongshi sent people out to the streets to buy vegetables and deliver letters, he was shot back by Japanese soldiers. All the personnel of the Negotiation Office were besieged for a whole day, unable to eat, only to drink some tap water, and soon the telephone line was cut off again, and the Negotiation Office completely cut off contact with the outside world.
At 4 p.m. on the same day, more than 20 Japanese soldiers forcibly broke into the negotiation office under the pretext of finding the bodies of Japanese soldiers in front of the negotiation office, surrounded the front and back doors, and handed over all the self-defense guns of the personnel in the office. At 9 o'clock that night, more than 50 Japanese soldiers broke into the negotiation office, cut off the electric light line, and the negotiation office was suddenly plunged into darkness. Ignoring public international law, the Japanese soldiers tore up the Flag of the Nationalist Government and the Portrait of Sun Yat-sen under the illumination of flashlights, and forcibly looted documents. In order to avoid the expansion of the situation, Cai Gongshi gently asked the Japanese army to stop the search and withdraw from the office, and asked the Japanese consul to come to negotiate, but the Japanese army refused. Cai Gongshi used the Japanese language and the Japanese soldier theory to severely condemn the Japanese army's violation of international law and gross violations of Chinese diplomatic organs and diplomats. However, the brutal Japanese soldiers did not wait for Cai Gongshi to finish speaking, so they knocked Cai Gongshi to the ground with the butt of his rifle, and tied Cai Gongshi and all 17 retinues. Subsequently, a Japanese soldier read out the order of Yansuke Fukuda, commander of the Japanese Sixth Division, to massacre the diplomats. Cai Gongshi translated it to everyone: "The Japanese soldiers are going to strip us of our clothes and shoot us." We can't, we can die. ”
Zhang Hanru, a service soldier, wrote a record of the beginning and end of the martyrdom
A Japanese soldier ran up and first cut off Cai Gongshi's ears, and then cut off Cai Gongshi's nose. Cai Gongshi's righteousness was awe-inspiring, and he was incessantly scolded. The ferocious Japanese soldier suddenly inserted the knife into Cai Gongshi's mouth, spun it twice, cut off Cai Gongshi's tongue, and dug out Cai Gongshi's eyes, and Cai Gongshi's whole body was blurred with blood and flesh, and it was unbearable to see. According to Zhang Hanru, a service soldier who luckily escaped in the "May 3rd Massacre," he recalled: "At that time, although I was already bleeding profusely and in pain, I still remembered that Director Cai Gongshi did not know what it was like to be abused by the Japanese army. What I saw with a flashlight: most of the people have ears and noses, noses and ears, and blurred flesh and blood, and their appearance is so tragic that it is creepy and creepy. After Director Cai had his nose cut off, his ears cut off, and his eyes gouged out, his entire head and chest were stained red with blood. Subsequently, the Japanese army rushed forward, stripped Cai Gongshi and 17 other people of clothes and beat them with whips, and stabbed and slashed indiscriminately with bayonets, and after using extremely cruel means to humiliate them, they were dragged in batches to the courtyard of the negotiating office and shot with machine guns. Cai Gongshi and his 16 attachés, from 8 o'clock on May 3, were surrounded and killed by Japanese soldiers at 10 p.m., and went to the Shandong Negotiators' Office for only 14 hours. In order to cover up the crime, the Japanese soldiers burned the remains of the victims and buried them hastily in the courtyard of the Negotiation Office.
Only when Zhang Hanru, a service soldier, took advantage of the sound of gunfire, fell to the ground, and later cut the rope in the darkness and took advantage of the chaos to escape, the tragedy had to be revealed to the world. As a witness to the scene, he wrote the "Chronicle of the Martyrdom of Cai Gongshi", exposing the heinous crimes committed by Rikou.
The "May 3rd Massacre" shocked the world
On the same day, the Japanese invading army launched a provocation against the Chinese army in Jinan, and immediately launched a large-scale attack, disarming more than 7,000 Northern Expeditionary Forces and killing innocent civilians in Jinan. On the 8th, the Japanese army shelled Jinan, and on the 9th, it attacked the gate of Jinan, and the soldiers of the Northern Expedition rose up to resist. On May 10, the Japanese used aircraft, artillery, and machine guns to bombard and strafe like crazy. Chiang Kai-shek adopted a policy of concessions, ordering the Northern Expeditionary Army to "bear the burden of humiliation", withdraw from Jinan, and detour through the Northern Expedition. On the 11th, su Zongru, acting commander of the Jinan garrison of the National Revolutionary Army, received a secret telegram from Chiang Kai-shek ordering the defenders to abandon Jinan. After the Chinese army abandoned Jinan, the Japanese army entered the city, and then wantonly slaughtered and looted, killing and injuring thousands of Chinese people, and hundreds of wounded members of the Northern Expeditionary Army who could not be evacuated were all slaughtered by the Japanese army. According to the investigation of the Jinan Massacre Victims' Federation, 6,123 Chinese soldiers and civilians died in the "Jinan Massacre", injured more than 1,700 people, and suffered property losses of 29.57 million yuan. Because the large-scale massacre of Chinese soldiers and civilians by the Japanese army began on May 3, it is also called the "May 3 Massacre". Historians say this is the most inhumane scene in modern international history before the Nanjing Massacre.
After the May 3rd Massacre, the National Revolutionary Army took a detour through the Northern Expedition, and it was not until after the occupation of Beijing that the Japanese army expressed its willingness to negotiate with the Kuomintang authorities. Negotiations went on and on and on March 28, 1929, China and Japan formally signed a resolution of the Jinan Massacre in Nanjing. After the "May 3rd Massacre" negotiations, the Japanese army was forced to withdraw its troops. On the surface, it seems that China's diplomacy with Japan has won a victory this time, but in fact it is not, because Japan has only fulfilled part of the withdrawal of troops in the Jinan Agreement and returned to China, but its compensation for losses has not been fulfilled. The "Jinan Massacre" had a major impact on the psychology of the Chinese leader at that time, Chiang Kai-shek, who wrote in his diary on May 3, 1928: "The shame of the body, with May 3rd as the first, the Wokou and the Chinese nation formed an indissoluble enmity, and this also began!" Since then, Chiang Kai-shek has insisted on writing the word "snow shame" every day in his diary.
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