<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > everything is traceable</h1>
There are still many Muslims living in Kunming, and their history can be traced back to more than 700 years ago.
More than 700 years ago, the Mongol cavalry on the northern steppe rushed thousands of miles to conquer Yunnan. Some of the Muslim soldiers who followed the Mongol cavalry were left here. At that time, the city was not called Kunming, but Called Yachi City.
In the history of Yunnan, the national integration brought about by the deepening of the yuan dynasty forces more than seven hundred years ago is not the only one, nor is it the last.
Niuhu copper case partial
After the Mongols established the Yuan Dynasty, yunnan provinces were established, and since then, trade exchanges and cultural collocations between Yunnan and the Central Plains have become more frequent. It is said that because Yunnan is located in the south of the Yunling Mountains where clouds and qi are connected, it is called Yunnan.
Looking back at history, it is to follow the path of the ancients and go all the way back to the past.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > special bronze culture</h1>
The Yunnan Provincial Museum was built in 1951. All 25 ethnic groups in China who live in Yunnan have left their mark here.
In 1953, someone noticed the peculiarity of several bronze pieces in the hands of an antique dealer. Two years later, similar bronzes were excavated in large quantities from the ancient tombs of Shizhaishan in Jinning and Lijiashan in Jiangchuan, and more than 10,000 pieces have been excavated so far, becoming the most important collection of the Yunnan Provincial Museum.
Niuhu copper case, Lijiashan ancient tomb group excavated
The history of Yunnan has shown its special features more than 2,400 years ago. Unlike the ceremonial vessels in the Central Plains, which are carved with abstract ornaments and used to symbolize kingship, most of the bronzes in Yunnan are living and production tools, using realistic techniques to sculpt scenes of ancestor worship, war, farming and hunting in daily life.
Four-ox gilded knight shell vessel, Excavated from Tomb No. 10 of Shizhaishan mountain in Jinning
Studies have shown that they are cast with the lost wax method. It is said that in the 1940s, there were also U.S. Air Force officers who saw such casting techniques on the streets of Yunnan. Experts believe that bronze culture represents the most splendid era in Yunnan.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > remains of the ancient Dian kingdom</h1>
So, who are the people who created this culture? Is it the Dian kingdom mentioned in ancient texts that existed as early as the early Warring States period?
The discovery of the "Seal of the King of Dian" in tomb No. 6 of Shizhaishan in Jinning eventually convinced people that they were remnants of the ancient Dian kingdom.
The Seal of the King of Dian, Tomb No. 6 of Shizhaishan in Jinning was excavated
But further questioning continues: What kind of ethnic group are the Dian people? Were they the Chu people who migrated south, or the natives? Why did the Dian culture bronzes gradually disappear after the Eastern Han Dynasty? Is it because of the entry of Han culture?
There must be a lot of details that have been carefully glossed over by the years. Without planes, trains and cars, without the modern means of transport that we cannot do without today, along the ancient roads that are unknown to us, the ancients walked farther than we thought.
The Dian King Chimes, Jinning Shizhaishan No. 6 Tomb excavated
More than 2,000 years ago, in the Han Dynasty, the post road connecting Sichuan in the north, India and southeast Industry in the south has been opened, so the simultaneous display and mutual entry of different races, different cultures and different histories is certainly not the scenery that only exists today.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the Nanzhao and Dali states</h1>
The ancient city of Dali, the capital city left in Yunnan by the Nanzhao State during the Tang Dynasty and the Dali State during the Song Dynasty, once again lit up the history of Yunnan. For more than 500 years, Dali has been the political and cultural center of Nanzhao and Dali.
The two danced gilded bronze buckles, and tomb No. 13 of Jinning Shizhaishan was excavated
The ancient post road continued to stretch out into the distance, and more new post roads were chiseled through. Historical records show that as many as thousands of royal nobles and nobles studied in Chengdu, Sichuan during the Nanzhao period, which lasted for half a century.
Some people have likened the open attitude of Nanzhao and Dali to a bold intersection standing at the crossroads of Asian culture. Some people find a religious geographical reason for this open attitude: that is, Dali City is at the heart of the intersection of Chinese Buddhist culture, Tibetan Buddhist culture and Southern Theravada Buddhism.
Bronze gilded seated statue of Shakya Buddha, excavated from Qianxun Pagoda of Chongsheng Temple, Dali
The historical outline of the large outline, together with the details, reveals the secrets of that era. The Shizhongshan Grottoes in Jianchuan County, excavated in 850 AD during the Nanzhao period, have been smoked by incense for more than 1,100 years.
The protagonists in the two grottoes are both the king of Nanzhao, but the person who participates in the supreme decision-making next to him is the Han chinese of the Tang Dynasty, who is a prisoner of Nanzhao, but is worshiped by the teacher.
Stone Bell Mountain Grottoes, painted stone carved statue group
In the grotto, there are more gods and Buddhas passing by, there are men and women, some from the Eastern Lands, some from the Western Regions, and when they go to Dali, they often turn against the guests and become the protagonists in the caves.
The open spiritual world of the People of Nanzhao and Dali is not without a trace even today.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the main god of Dali</h1>
There is a main temple in Qingdong Village, Xizhou Town, which is called "Zaoshi" by the Bai people, which means "inside the imperial court". The temple is dedicated to Duan Zongbang, the highest god of the Bai tribe in Dali and a great general of the Southern Zhao. The kingdom of Dali was founded by his descendants.
Duan Zongbang was not the only god of Dali. In Dali, Yunnan, there are hundreds of main temples that can still be seen, and each village has its own main god.
Wooden lotus shrine one Buddha two passed gold and silver seated statue, Dali Chongsheng Temple Qianxun Pagoda unearthed
Those who are revered as gods are not deified. It is the secularized God, who can be a relative of the emperor or a commoner. Even Li Mi, the defeated Tang general who led an army of 200,000 to conquer Nanzhao twice and finally destroyed the entire army, became the deity enshrined in the main temple.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Buddhist rule</h1>
Both Nanzhao and Dali used Buddhism as their state religion. Qianxun Pagoda is a stupa built during the Nanzhao period. Later, Dali built two other stupas. Perhaps because cremation prevailed at that time, Dali has not found a king's tomb so far.
A batch of Buddha statues and buddhist scriptures found at the top of Qianxun Pagoda in 1978 is now another important collection of the Yunnan Provincial Museum.
Bronze crown Buddha seated statue, Dali Chongsheng Temple Qianxun Pagoda excavated
The Buddha statue was put into it by the Dali people when they were repairing the Qianxun Pagoda. The people of Dali went up to the king and down to the commoners, and they worshiped the Buddha all their lives. In the Dali kingdom, only by first becoming a monk and then reading Confucian works can you become an official. There is no one more official than a king, and of the 22 kings in the Dali Kingdom, 9 of them have been out of the house.
Here, devotion to the Buddha is revealed everywhere and all the time.
The golden version of the carved Buddha, Dali Chongsheng Temple Qianxun Pagoda excavated
From Nanzhao back to Dali, more than a thousand years have passed. To this day, many ancient stories are still scattered in the corners of Dali City. Jin Yong, a contemporary novelist, wrote the history of Dali into his martial arts novels. In the novel, the characters who come and go in Dali City all have the martial arts of the world.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > city of stones</h1>
Dali produces marble. The Nanzhao people of the Tang Dynasty already used marble, but polishing marble into art ornaments was a fashion after the Ming and Qing dynasties. The Nanzhao and Dali people only used marble to build houses. It is conceivable that in the era of Nanzhao and Daliguo, Dali was definitely a beautiful stone city.
Leopard rat copper ge, Jinning Shizhaishan No. 3 tomb excavated
In Yunnan, no city has used stone more brilliantly than Dali. At present, the ancient city of Dali is only left with some old houses of the Ming and Qing dynasties. But who knows, on this wall, on this road, will not also be built into the side of the stone left by the Nanzhao and Dali people?
From Dali, go a little deeper into history and go to Dingwei Mountain City. In Weishan City, there lived piluoge, the first generation of Nanzhao king. According to folklore, he burned to death the other five tribal leaders invited to the banquet, and finally "Kuixiong Liuzhao" was crowned the King of Yunnan by the Tang Dynasty.
Four people and one bull copper pecking, Jinning Shizhaishan No. 6 tomb excavated
Weishan City to the Nanzhao Kingdom, like a fork in the road of fate. In the eyes of today's people, this former royal capital already looks like a small town. The inhabitants of the town are no longer toiling for the king, and the king's spirit is scattered with the wind, and the eyes are full of the simplicity of the commoners.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the ancestor of the Nanzhao State</h1>
Many scholars believe that the Nanzhao state was founded by the Yi people, and in ancient times, the Yi people used to have the same name as father and son, and when the son took the name, he took the last word in the father's name as a surname. Climbing this ring is fastened by a chain made of names, and it goes back to the thin slave. He was revered as the founder of the Nanzhao Kingdom.
Legend has it that Hosobu Hara was a farmer who cultivated the fields in a small mountain village. Because of the initiation of Guanyin, he became the leader of the tribal alliance from a farmer.
Today, in the hometown of Theoburo, it is no longer possible to find the place where he first cultivated the land. In such a quiet place, it seems as if nothing has happened or changed.
But the changes have really come. In 1253, along a thousand-year-old road, the Mongol cavalry entered Yunnan from Sichuan, destroyed the Dali state, and then went to Kunming.