Dou Yuesheng
First, the author's introduction
Qin Mu, "Southern Qin Beiyang" of Chinese prose circles, is a Chinese writer, the editorial director of Zhonghua Bookstore Guangzhou, the deputy editor-in-chief of Yangcheng Evening News, the editor-in-chief of Works Magazine, the vice chairman of Guangdong Provincial Federation of Literature and Literature, the vice chairman of the Guangdong Branch of the China Writers Association, and the director of the Department of Chinese of Jinan University. His literary activities cover many fields, mainly essays, novels, poetry, children's literature and literary theory. He lived in Singapore as a child and adolescence. In 1938, he began to publish works in Guangzhou newspapers and periodicals.
Second, the original text explains appreciation
《Flower City》
The annual Guangzhou New Year Flower Market has always been popular among the population. Over the years, people often come from thousands of miles from the north to see the grand situation of the flower market in the south. You can often meet a number of international friends, and also revel in the festive atmosphere of this east, shopping for flowers with Chinese friends. In previous years, the flower market was grand enough, and this year this year the sea of flowers has sprung up a new climax. Because after the communization of the rural people, the production of flowers and trees has increased, and this year's Spring Festival is the first Spring Festival after the communization of the urban people, and tens of thousands of housewives and neighbors in Guangzhou last year put into production and other labor teams. In addition, this year, the party and the government have further arranged the festive life of the masses, the supply of flowers and trees has been unprecedented, and the number of people who buy flowers has also been unprecedented, and in addition to the original few New Year's Eve flower markets, new flower markets have been opened. If you add up the length of several flower markets, "Ten Mile Flower Street" (the courage of the flower market) is probably worthy of the name. Before the flower market began, standing on the bank of the Pearl River and looking at the mighty Pearl River, which is the hub of the province's thirty-six inland waterways, I saw that among the various building steamboats, there were also wooden boats full of potted flowers, which came from Shunde, Gaoyao, Qingyuan, Sihui and other counties, carrying the breath of the early spring in the southern country and the wishes of the peasant masses. "What a beautiful flower!" "There are many varieties of flowers this year!" People on the banks of the river can't help but marvel at the reward. There is a cultural park in Guangzhou, and this year the park also arranged a large-scale "Spring Festival Party". In addition to the brightly colored famous flowers and melons, the florist also displays a large peach tree with scorching flowers and a canopy diameter of about one inch. All this shows that this year's flower market in Guangzhou is not ordinary. (Chinese and foreign friends come to Guangzhou Flower Market.) ）
People often have such an experience: when encountering lively and strange scenes, the mental painting is like being plucked by a goose feather, and there is a feeling of itching and numbness (defamiliarization of language, unique feeling). I always want to describe everything I see and feel. For the New Year Flower Market in Guangzhou, I often have such an impulse. Although I have described them in the past, this year, wandering in this particularly huge sea of flowers, I have this desire again.
The various customs of the Lunar New Year have been formed by our nation in the history of thousands of years. We now have some New Year customs, which can be traced back to the historical sites of one or two thousand years ago. All this is closely related to many historical stories, folklore, skillful craftsmanship and the aesthetic concepts of the masses. In China's New Year's Festival, some are to go green, some are to row boats, and some are to catch up with the meeting... This is the same as the foreign Lighting Festival, Songkran Festival, each has its own meaning of life and poetry. Playing with dragon lanterns, running dry boats, setting off fireworks... Everyone put on neat clothes, their heads were new, the men had their hair cut, the women had their buns trimmed, and the big girls had tied floral ornaments. The northern proverb "Sugar melon sacrifice stove, the New Year is coming, the girl wants flowers, the boy wants a cannon, the old man wants a new felt hat", more or less describes this atmosphere. Is this just joy and fun, just fun? Can't we also appreciate from this grand festive mood the long history of our national culture, and the people who have been enthusiastically yearning for a better future for thousands of years, but poor peasant households must also try to buy a painting and paste it on the door; young girls always have to tie a velvet flower in their braids and paste a big red paper cut on the window ledge, which is more than enough to imagine that no matter how difficult they are, people's strong habit of living a happy life. In the new era, the customs that profoundly embody the brand of the old society in the Lunar New Year have been abolished, gambling, alcoholism, throwing burning firecrackers at people who dance dragon lanterns, strange taboos, this kind of thing is gone, those Fengyang people who play with monkeys, Shimen people who run around the rivers and lakes to tie paper flowers, beggars who shake holly branches with copper coins, and walking monks who claim to come down from Mount Emei of Wutai Mountain are gone. And some beautiful customs have been carried forward, and some ancient customs have been given new content. Now we set off firecrackers too, but who would have thought that there was anything to do with superstitions like "nuó"! Now we also post the Spring Festival, but who would have thought that "the years are full of spring flowers; the people have the party's strength to soar to the sky", "Prancing Horse Horizontal Knife, All People Are Single-Minded to Drive Away the Poor and White; Flying Flowers And Dots, 600 Million Hands Embroidered Mountains and Rivers" and other spring leagues, and what can be compared with the ancient use of peach wood charms to ward off evil spirits! The ancient festivals are full of youthful brilliance in the new era. (Folk culture is a big gathering.) Contrast between old and new. ）
That's why we love those old and fresh new traditions. "The wind is born white (ruled by the Kuomintang) a thousand forests are dark, and the fog is thick and the sky is full of flowers [dān]" (The wind blowing from the city of Nanjing makes the thousands of trees dim and dull, and the heavy fog covers the sky and the sun makes the flowers wither and wither.) As the days passed, the flowers of the earth became more and more beautiful, how could people not love this beautiful [yǐ nǐ] southern flower market, how could they not enjoy the warmth of life from this grand flower market! (Quoted from the scriptures.) Quote Lu Xun's verse. ）
And people in the south will really arrange, they choose the New Year's Eve flower market as a climax in the New Year's life. The heat of the sun is fierce, and on Hainan Island, the hottest island in the south, there are some fruit trees like pineapples, and the roots can also protrude from the ground to produce fruit; there are some trees, sawn off to make stakes, and can grow young shoots when inserted in the ground. In such a zone, as the poem of the old man Yong Yue Ji Hua said: "Flowers and flowers bloom without a day, and spring comes and goes irrelevant." ([Source] Song Chen Jingyi's "Quanfang Beizu" in the first collection of twenty years of Yongyue Ji poems, one said That Su Shi composed "Moon Season". Flowers bloom without interruption, and spring comes and goes unrelatedly. A month before the Spring Festival, you can already see strings of bright flowers hanging from trees everywhere in the suburbs. In the New Year Flower Market, after the efforts of flower farmers and horticulturists, it is even more artificial to seize the heavenly work, and the flowers at four o'clock, except for the lotus pomegranate in summer, can not be seen, and almost all other kinds of flowers have appeared. Peonies, hanging bells, daffodils, daisies, plum blossoms, chrysanthemums, camellias, melan... The flowers of the spring, autumn and winter are all crowded together! (Quoted from the scriptures.) List. ）
The largest flower market in Guangzhou this year is located in Taiping Road, which is the famous "Thirteen Elements" area in history, and the flower shed is a bit like a circus viewing shed, connecting layer by layer. The flags of the communes, horticultural fields, and botanical gardens flew there, and the flower sellers laughed and made loud offers. The lights are colorful and bright, a splendid embroidery. I roughly calculated the types of flowers, and this year there are always around a hundred. Looking at the sea of flowers, looking at the treasures of the plants that emit fragrance, gently flutter and stretch the buds and petals, you can't help but marvel, people choose and arrange such a scene as the climax of spring, it is really ingenious! The thousands of smiling flowers seemed to be whispering in a crisp and small voice: "Spring is coming!" Spring is here! "The man who bought the flowers lifted the flower tree above his head and put the potted flowers on his shoulders, and the flow seemed to turn into a strange flower flow again. The people of the southern country really know how to appreciate these messengers of spring. People not only appreciate the flowers, but also the green leaves and fresh fruits. The potted fruits such as the star-like kumquat, the orange of the four seasons, and the auspicious fruit are even more popular. But in this special market, where the Spring Festival dawns and disperses, it is as if everything is connected to flowers. The goldfish on the fish stall reminds people of flowers in the water; the shells and corals on the seafood stall remind people of the flowers in the sea; as for the porcelain and calligraphy and paintings such as Baolan, Junhong, Azure, pink and so on on the antique shelves, they remind people of another flower that never fades away. (Associations are rich.) ）
At the flower market in Guangzhou, hanging bells, peach blossoms, peonies, daffodils, etc. are particularly attractive flowers. In particular, this unique hanging bell in the south, I think it should be emphasized. It is a perennial shrub that flowers first and leaves later. When the buds are not opened, they are wrapped in a thick shell of scales, and when they bloom, small pink bell-shaped flowers are suspended from the scales. Usually there are seven or eight in a scaly bud, and there are also individuals to more than ten. Listen to North Korean dignitaries, this flower is also considered a treasure in North Korea. Peony is known as the king of flowers, but the peony in the southern flower market is mostly bare and does not see leaves, which is really "lying in the bush and powerless to carry drunken makeup" (quoting the scriptures, Bai Juyi's poem "Peony Fang"). Only this hanging bell shows an unusually strong vitality, and inserted in a vase can not only flower, but also produce leaves. These small bell-shaped flowers, swaying in clusters against the wind, make it seem as if one hears the bells of the earth's rejuvenation. (Sound and color.) ）
The flower market is full of people, which arouses a deep feeling for their own national life. We are in a very mixed-up with all these ancient and youthful things. Just like the special intimate feeling that Beijingers get when they visit The Factory, Shanghainese who visit the City God Temple, and Suzhouers who visit the Xuanmiao Temple. Looking at the splendid flowers, admiring the purple and red, it is wonderful to think of this kind of scene where Guangzhou suddenly became a "flower city" in one day, and almost all the people in the city came out late at night to enjoy the flowers. (Row ratio, late night flower viewing)
In the long history of the old times, only a few people were able to buy flowers, and now it is very common for a textile worker to carry a peach blossom from the flower market and a steel worker to buy a pot of kumquats on his head. Listening to the laborers who sell flowers and buy flowers inquire about each other's spring news, laughter and noise make people deeply appreciate that the joy of hundreds of millions of people is the real joy on the earth. (Fly into the homes of ordinary people.) Implant the eyelet. ）
In this flower market, it also reminds people of the huge power of human transformation of nature, peony was originally a kind of barren mountain tree in the Taihang Mountains, Narcissus was originally a wild plant in the swampy area of southeast China, after thousands of generations of people's processing and cultivation, they have become "national color Tianxiang" and "Lingbo fairy"! In the wild, chrysanthemums can only bloom like small flowers like copper coins, and cockscomb flowers are more like dogtail grasses, but after careful cultivation by flower farmers and artificial generations of selection, they have become so plump and gorgeous. "The day workers can be replaced, but the artificial days are not as good." Isn't that the truth of life? (Technological intelligence, social progress.) ）
In this flower market, you can't help but think of the great achievements of working people everywhere in jointly creating historical civilization. There are daffodils from Fujian, peonies from Shandong, famous flowers from all over the country, and Dali from India, scarlet roses from France, smiles from Malaya, and many cacti plants from the Sahara Desert. The streams of all sides merge into rivers, and the creations of the working people everywhere converge into splendid civilizations, and does not this also make people feel this fully in this bustling market of rǎng? (World Flower Garden.) ）
You can't help but marvel at the aesthetic eyesight of the masses here. A pot of flowers and fruits, the masses can more or less unanimously point out their advantages and disadvantages. In this kind of evaluation, can't we also appreciate some aesthetic truths!
In short, wandering in this sea of flowers often makes you think about it and feel the fresh meaning of many ordinary truths. For eleven years I developed a habit of going to the flower market every year to squeeze in, and that was one of the reasons.
We praise the heroic struggles and hard labor, and we also praise the happy life that has been obtained from it. So when I came back from the flower market, I was drunk like I was drinking, and I pulled and wrote down these words. Let people from afar also come to share our joy. (Point out the subject.) ）
February 1961, Guangzhou
Third, the theme of feelings
By writing about the grandeur of the flower market, the feeling of flower viewing, the customs and knowledge of the New Year's Eve of flowers, I expressed: Through the flower market, I saw the era and the motherland like flowers. It highlights "the glory of the struggle and the hard work, the praise of the happy life thus obtained".
Fourth, artistic characteristics
1. The form is scattered. From the unusual and unprecedented grandness of the Guangzhou flower market, the author associated with the ancient New Year's festival customs and traditions, specifically wrote about the grand scene of the flower market, and finally closed it, which naturally led to the feeling of "thinking" about the flower market. The text spreads out, vertically through the ancient and modern, across the Chinese and foreign, and even anecdotes and agricultural proverbs have become the material of the article. The connotation of the title has been enriched, the artistic conception of the article has been broadened, and the theme idea has been sublimated.
2. Rich associations and open-mindedness. Not only are the flowers, colors, floral fragrances, and flower language depicted vividly, but all of them are "flowered". Even the goldfish of the fish stall, the shells and corals of the seafood stall, the porcelain on the antique shelf and the calligraphy and paintings of the past have all become flowers in the water and artificial flowers that never fade... Imagination is like a horse galloping.
3. Cleverly structured, using interpolation. Through an interlude of "various customs and habits of the Lunar New Year", the author's vision has risen from the tide of the flower flow of the flower sea to the tide of the long river of history, and the Guangzhou flower market has become a flower of the new year flower sea in the land of Shenzhou, and has become a bouquet of waves in the long river of national culture, thus revealing the "fresh meaning" of the flower market from a broad vision and historical background.
4. Rich in vocabulary and wide in knowledge. Verbs are used, ancient words are used beautifully, and metaphors are exquisite.
Fifth, relevant appreciation and reading
The flowers are like golden begonias
Mid-Autumn Festival. Begonia. autumn rain. After the Mid-Autumn Festival, the four seasons of begonias on my balcony shined brightly red. Despite the long autumn rains, I was overjoyed.
I love begonia flowers, I love begonia flowers that bloom like flowers. So, I have a lot of potted begonia flowers on my balcony.
The most colorful flower color is the green stalk of the bamboo begonia. The flowers and leaves are relatively large, a circle larger than the peach blossoms. That kind of red is more beautiful than big red; it is more colorful than pink, so the color is very bright. It's so bright that it's a bit dizzying. The flowers are luxuriant, the green does not let the red, the red does not let the green, complement each other, so it is not lively.
The strongest vitality is the four seasons of begonias. The button-sized flowers seemed to open a layer overnight. Carmine. Casually fold some flower branches, insert them into the soil, and the flowers will bloom. Moreover, the four seasons of the year do not start. This is a civilian flower, just like that happy day - high and red every day.
The most inspirational is the begonia hemp leaf. The small palm-sized leaves, round on one side and pointed on the other; red on the reverse, green on the front, a layer of white sesame-like dots, with the meaning of starlight. Similar to the Dragon Boat Festival in May, everyone has fried hemp leaves. I said that this begonia flower is the most inspirational, yes, it is true. Inspirational, long flowering period, from May to October. Inspirational, there are many flowers, a bunch of grapes, a stem of more than a foot high can open one or twenty bunches of flowers, and each bunch of flowers can open more than twenty or thirty tweeds.
I posted a photo of the begonia on the balcony of my house to the WeChat circle, and said with the words: "The begonias in my family are so inspirational." I don't know how many people are envious, and the praise won is good to enjoy: "The owner of the begonia flower is more inspirational." "That beauty, that coolness, that Lang Li giggled."
The most colorful is the Ligue Begonia. Seriously, this flower is delicate, just like our little sister, who has to be rich. You have to be a qualified flower protector, carefully caring for and serving this "little princess". Liger Begonia, there are big red, pink, orange red, red, white, red and yellow... The petals were layered on top of each other, like little furry peonies. This flower is beautiful and has a long flowering period, which blooms from October to May of the following year. Sitting alone on the balcony and admiring the flowers, how moist your heart should be.
Lantern begonias. There is a delicate nipple called "Upside Down Golden Bell". This flower bloomed in my memory, in my sixteen-year-old flower season. The lantern begonia flowers raised by the mother are blooming. Like a lantern roaming in the spring wind, like a wish lamp floating in the spring wind.
Radish begonias. There is a bookish and elegant pen name called "Cyclamen Lai"; there is a really cute screen name for jumping and jumping, called "Rabbit Flower". This flower has accompanied my youth and accompanied me to grow. Our family's begonias are uncountable, and one branch and one leaf are always concerned.
I love begonia flowers, I love begonia flowers that bloom like flowers. Therefore, every time the begonia flowers are in full bloom, I will certainly not miss the flowering period to watch the flowers, and I will certainly shuttle through the streets, parks, and rivers to chase the flowers and catch the flower tide.
flower bud. Red lips. Swing. Near my home, there are two rows on the first street of Nandu Road, and after the spring in February and March, the hanging begonias full of trees will open for the first time. Initially, it was a red bean-like bud. Looking at it fiercely, it is like a tree full of red fruits, the red lips of this spring. One tree, two trees, five trees and seven trees, one hundred and eight trees... Blooming, opening, crimson flowers, flowers of flowers, pink flowers, squeezing and resisting hanging on the note, swinging, swinging, swinging, squeezing eyebrows and making eyes full of stars, full of stars, flowers and branches. When I got closer, I seemed to hear the sound of flowers blooming: "What the girl is fishing for is not snow, not flowers, nor loneliness, but mood." ”
Ruyi Lake. firecracker. Sedan. Among the woody begonia flower family, there are also Xifu begonias, papaya begonias, iron begonias and so on. On the shores of Ruyi Lake, I was surprised to find a patch of kapok red. Know it or not, know it or not, it should be papaya begonia. This flower is as big as a pomegranate flower. The décor is intense, fiery and enthusiastic. Like a string of firecrackers that are exploding, a flower palanquin greeting spring. Begonia flowers - brides who marry in the spring. Next, the flower will transform into a papaya.
Begonia flowers bloom on the balcony, in the spring breeze, on both sides of the blue lake, in the eyes of lovers, but also in poetry and song.
Flowers. Poetry appreciation. Beauty. Lin Daiyu's begonia poems make people have a special taste in their hearts. So many flowers are like brocade, so many flowers are blooming, so many purple and red, are not into Lin Sister's "flower eyes"; only that white, white begonia is Lin Sister's "flower princess".
Let us use the moonlight of literature to appreciate the charm of the white begonia flowers on Lin Daiyu's "Sad Tree" in "Dream of the Red Chamber", how to lose the soul. "Wing Bai Begonia": "Half roll xiang curtain and half cover door, crushing ice for earth jade for pot." Steal three points of pear bud white, borrow a plum blossom soul. The moon cave immortals sewed silk, and the autumn bride complained about the female swab marks. Shy and silent to complain to whom, tired of relying on the west wind at night has passed out. "Such a grudge, so ice clear, Jiao Da will definitely not become a fan of Lin Sister."
However, anything is possible. Lin Sister's white begonia found a "blue face confidant" in Britain. In 300 years, Hawkes, a male fan who crossed the ocean, interpreted Lin Daiyu's "Wing Bai Begonia" into an excellent English version. The white begonia is Lin Sister's; the Begonia poem is Lin Sister's; and the English version of the Begonia poem is popular in the British Isles and swept all readers in the English world. Poetry, borderless; begonia flowers, borderless.
green manure. Red skinny. Li Qingzhao's begonia words are already familiar. The four words "green fat red skinny" have become synonymous with begonias after the rain. "Like a Dream Order" "Last night the rain was stormy, and the heavy sleep did not consume the wine." Try to ask the curtain man, but said, "Begonia is still the same." Do you know? Do you know? It should be green fat red skinny!" Such begonia flowers, such song words, in the "color morphemes" and "weight morphemes" timeless classics.
Zhou Enlai's begonia flowers. There is a woody begonia flower called Saifu Begonia. There is a kind of nostalgia called spring warm blossoms. In the Xihua Hall where Zhou Enlai lived in Zhongnanhai, there are more than a dozen begonia trees, which are outstanding representatives of Xifu begonias. Deng Yingchao once saw the flowers and wrote an essay entitled "Remembering from the Begonia Flowers of the West Flower Hall". The most beautiful time for the Begonia xifu flower is when it is not in bloom, and the buds on the long stalk are the size of fingernails, and the rouge-like red, like a rouge buckle.
No matter the flowers blossom, no matter the clouds cirrus clouds shu. Our love of flowers will not wither, our love of beauty will not wither, our flowers of goodness will not wither, and our love will live forever and blossom forever.