Jasper is made up of a tree high, and ten thousand green silk ribbons hang down.
I don't know who cut the fine leaves? February spring breeze is like scissors.
--Tang He Zhizhang, "Wing Liu"
He Zhizhang's poem pushes the poetry of the Theme of Wing Liu to a new height. The poet is ingenious, and the opening chapter uses a brilliant metaphor to write the overall image of the willow tree, and from the whole to the part, depicts the branches and willow leaves of the willow tree, and the whole poem is catchy to read. The poet is ingenious and borrows the willow tree to praise the spring wind, and the whole poem is full of spring colors and the poet's joy for spring.
In fact, He Zhizhang was not the first person to write Willow into poetry, and his poem was not the first poem of Willow. In the endless river of poetry in our country, if we trace back to the roots and look for Yongliu poems, the Book of Poetry is undoubtedly the source of the trickle.
The sentence "In the past, I used to be in the past, Yang Liu Yiyi; now I come to Xi, rain and snow", it can be said that this is the first time that Liu appeared in poetry in the image of literature.
"Once upon a time, Willow Yiyi" in "Cewei" is both a narrative and a lyrical sadness. The willow that flutters with the wind like wisps of green smoke, the slender and soft willow, swaying people's emotions, moisturizing, making people's hearts ripple in a circle, and the ripples of this circle contain people's eternal tenderness.
A piece of "Cevi", a song of willows, seems to tell endless sorrows and farewells, and also makes the whole poem filled with the emotional tone of sad parting. Since the poetry, people are more willing to use "willow" as an emotional sustenance and a destination for their feelings.
In our traditional culture, people cherish the meeting and reunion between relatives and friends, and they are particularly reluctant to part, and the retention and attachment of relatives and friends has become a very ritualistic thing.
Coupled with the harmonic sounds of "willow" and "stay", folding willow to send farewell, folding willow to send far, and willow poetry to give each other has become a farewell custom. The "willow" in poetry is infiltrated with traditional culture with its unique artistic charm, adding a stunning wave to the long river of poetry.
Speaking of willow, although it is the most common plant in the north and south of the river, it has been endowed with a deep humanistic atmosphere in traditional culture. The poet's willows are also endowed with a leisurely poetic meaning. The unique temperament of Liu itself, its colorful and moving overall image, also affects the feelings of poets.
In the Southern and Northern Dynasties of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, with the rise of landscape poetry and Yongwu poetry, poetry with the theme of Wing Liu also entered the poet's field of vision. From the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the "Wushan Wu gorge is long, and the weeping willows are weeping." With the same heart and the same fold, the old man cherishes the hometown", to "the willow is chaotic into silk, climbing and folding in the spring." Leafy birds fly in the air, the wind is light and the flowers fall late", a long and affectionate willow poem soaks people's hearts like a drizzle.
From the Sui Dynasty's "get on the horse and don't catch the whip, but fight the willow branches." Get off the horse and play the flute, worry about killing the travelers", to the Tang Dynasty Zhang Jiuling's "fiber folded willow, holding this lover." From Yang Juyuan's "Waterside Willow Curve Dust Silk, Immediately Annoy the King folds a branch", to Li Shangyin's "Smoke and fog every Yiyi, Thousands of Threads Fall".
Coupled with He Zhizhang's "Wing Liu", the willow written by the Tang Dynasty poet is presented in front of the eyes of the world with a moving image, and melts into the waves of the long river of poetry.
As a Song word that stands side by side with the twin peaks of Tang poetry, "Liu" is presented with colorful meanings and profound humanistic atmosphere under the pen of song lyricist.
Song Song poets chant willow in the form of music and chapters, unique language, unique words and sentences express the rich emotions of lyricists, and song lyrics people also give liu a new cultural connotation.
Ouyang Xiu's "Sheng Cha Zi" "The head of the willow on the moon, the person is about after dusk", very charmingly describes the scene of a couple of lovers meeting at dusk, the two people meet in a joyful mood on the side of the moonlit hazy river, the willow branches move with the wind, under the reflection of the moonlight, more feminine and moving.
Liu Yong's "Raining Bells" in "Yang Liu Bank, Xiao Feng Remnant Moon" is the scene when the lyricist and the lover are separated, swaying the willow branches in the morning wind, and it is a poignant scene under the reflection of the remnant moon.
Whether it is Li Zhiyi's "Xie Chichun" in "And hate this, pay the court before the willow", or Cheng Yao's "Water Dragon Yin" in "Willow trapped flowers, apricot green plum small, easy for people". The willows written by song song poets are more hierarchical and the image is more vivid.
The ordinary scenery of Liu appears in large quantities in song ci, and is repeatedly chanted by Song dynasty poets, giving rich aesthetic imagery and strong cultural connotations, forming the culture of "liu" in Song ci.
Among the many Yongliu words in the Song Dynasty, Wang Guan's Wing Liu poem "Mulan Flower Order" can be said to be very distinctive, and it also stands out among many Yongliu poems. In just eight sentences, the lyricist firmly grasps the plant characteristics of the willow tree and gives the willow a personified color, thus constituting a complete and vivid artistic image of the willow tree. The original words are as follows:
After the copper camel is on the new front, the first wind is the willow. Hooking up with spring is not as good as Mei, and breaking away from people is as strong as wine.
Dongjun deliberately favoritism, accustomed to the waist and limbs are really thin. Ah who said you don't think about it, because even the brow is long and wrinkled.
Wang Guan is a very funny lyricist. His words learned from Liu Yong, thinking that he could surpass Liu Yong. In terms of the achievements of his entire lyric work, it is far from being comparable to Liu Yong, but the individual works are written with fine and gentle work, making good use of colloquialisms but not vulgar.
The Southern Song Dynasty lexicographic critic Wang Zhuo said in "Biji Manzhi": "Its new beauty and light madness are amazing. Reading Wang Guan's poem, the artistic expression is very new and beautiful, which can well represent his artistic style.
There are eight sentences in total, and each of the two sentences forms a separate picture. The four images are closely linked and form an organic whole. This poem is an improvisation of the lyricist, and the language of the lyrics is light and natural, and it is pleasing to the eye.
The opening two sentences, "After the copper camel is strangely on the new square, the first wind is removed by the willow", which is the first picture depicted by the lyricist. The word first mentions a place name: Copper Camel Road. This is reminiscent of the style of the willow tree, and at once it draws people's attention to the willow-shaded avenue, which makes people have a beautiful reverie about the rows of lush willow trees on the street.
Why? It turned out that luoyang in the Tang Dynasty had a very famous ancient street called Tongtuo Street. This street has been very famous since the Han Dynasty. Tongtuo Street is in the south of Luoyang City, and the Jingu Garden in the west of the city are both popular places for people to play.
The biggest feature of this street is the large number of willow trees planted on both sides of the road. Whenever the spring flowers bloom, the willows are like smoke in the city, and pedestrians wander on this picturesque street, which has a special charm. In the summer when the sun is shining, the willow shade of Tongtuo Street provides a natural place to escape the heat.
Coupled with the fact that the shops on both sides of the road are lined up, this street has become a favorite place for people to visit on weekdays, and it has also become a symbol of the prosperity of the city. Luo Binwang, a famous poet of the Tang Dynasty, also praised after visiting Tongtuo Street and Jingu Garden: "There are thousands of willows on the Tongtuo Road, and there are several flowers in the Jingu Garden." ”
The "new positive" in the words and phrases refers to the first month of the new spring. The meaning of the opening two sentences is that when the lyricist arrives in the new spring, the most handsome and beautiful is this willow tree with green buds and soft stripes dancing against the wind. The lyricist used the words "first wind" to enthusiastically praise the scene of willow buds on Tongtuo Street, which shows his love for the green willow leaves in the spring breeze of Tongtuo Street.
In fact, the "first class" in the word population has two meanings. The first layer, of course, refers to the handsome and graceful willow tree itself, the green buds of the willow tree are the messengers of spring, which also indicates that the spring girl has come to Tongtuo Street, and her arrival has covered the whole street with spring splendor.
The second meaning, of course, is that the lyricist emphasizes that the object of praise is the willow tree, and the "first class" is obviously to personify the willow tree, skillfully grafting the rhyme of the person onto the willow tree. Moreover, this sentence also sets the tone for the whole word, and the next picture, the lyrics are all anthropomorphic to express its flow from all aspects.
The two sentences, "Hooking up the spring is not as good as Mei, and breaking away from people is like wine" are the second picture depicted by the lyricist. To the effect: People often think that although the willow tree is the messenger of primrose, people prefer to add such a title to the plum blossom.
Wang Guan believes that people's judgment is unfair and favors one over the other. The lyricist believes that although the willow tree has a simple appearance, it is not as delicate as the plum blossom, and it is not as popular as the plum blossom in attracting people to put their attention on the enjoyment, but on the occasion of the farewell, the representative and cultural heritage of the willow tree is incomparable to the plum blossom. Therefore, the lyricist believes that the title of first-class willow tree is well-deserved.
Here, the lyricist very cleverly integrates the ancient meanings of folding willow farewell, folding willow to send far, and willow poetry gift into the artistic conception of the lyrics. Although the traditional cultural symbol of folding willows has been mentioned earlier, it is necessary to add it here:
The baqiao outside the east gate of the capital of the Han Dynasty is as colorful as smoke, and people often send them to Baqiao to bid farewell to relatives and friends, and then fold a green willow branch to give to relatives and friends who are about to leave. Since then, folding willows to bid farewell has become a popular custom on the occasion of farewell singing, and the Southern Dynasty poet Fan Yun wrote: "The spring wind willow line is long, send Lang to the river bridge", the river bridge in the poem refers to the Baqiao of Chang'an.
In ancient times, when a woman bid farewell to her lover, she would also fold willows to give each other, and the scene was very touching. Therefore, in the heart of the lyricist Wang Guan, the wisps of wicker can tie the emotions of the departed people and make them forget. From this, the lyricist clearly and unmistakably tells the world that compared with plum blossoms, willows are amorous and a symbol of amorousness.
"Dongjun is deliberately biased, and he is used to being really thin at the waist", which is the third picture depicted by the lyricist. The lyricist praises the light beauty of the willow tree with a fresh and natural, nearly colloquial expression, and the lyricist believes that the willow tree is so favored and accommodated by the angels that it is slender and its waist is soft.
The slender and soft length of the wicker is used as a metaphor for the graceful posture of a woman, which is very representative in classical poetry. Bai Juyi's "Willow Branch" in "Willow Branch" in "Willow Wind Like Dancing Waist", Wen Tingjun's "Southern Songzi" in "Lou Ting like Willow Waist", are all based on the slenderness and soft length of willow branches to compare women's graceful figures.
The Tang Dynasty was beautiful with fat, while the aesthetic of the Song Dynasty was slender. The sentence "Used to having a waist is really thin" can explain the aesthetics of the Song Dynasty, in people's view, thin waist is an important feature that reflects the beauty of women's body.
The slender willow branches are used as a metaphor for a woman's graceful posture and waist, which is very common in traditional poetry, but most of the verses are lackluster, not much new, just blindly depicting forms, piling up words, and pursuing gorgeousness.
However, the lyricist Wang Guan opposed the depiction of form, and he innovated and wrote the natural beauty of Liu Rumei in a natural and unpolished colloquial way, which is rare in this regard alone.
The two sentences, "Ah who said you don't think about it, because even the eyebrows are long and wrinkled" are the last picture depicted by the word, using willow leaves as a metaphor for women's eyebrows, and the depiction of willow leaf eyebrows, which is very morphological and characteristic, is common in poetry works. For example, the Tang Dynasty poet Wen Tingjun's "Dingxi Fan" in the "people like jade, willow like eyebrows", Song Dynasty poet Ouyang Xiu's "Sauvignon Blanc" in "jade like muscle, willow like eyebrows" and so on.
However, the work does not use this usual technique of other poets to tighten the whole word, but uses the form of the willow tree to compare the charm of the person, and the willow tree is like an amorous woman, because of the separation of lovers, and the frown is locked.
The whole word ends in this unfinished charm, and the lyricist draws a feminine image of a flowing, affectionate and feminine through the description of the characteristics of the willow tree.
This poem by Wang Guan is a typical wing willow poem. In fact, looking at the poetry of the classical poetry works, the poetry of the praise plant accounts for a large proportion. In the poems praising plants, willows account for a very high proportion. The willow is a symbol of separation, and in the journey of life, whether it is a parting of life or death, separation often occurs.
Therefore, in China's poetry, separation has become the most important theme, and the poet's pen will often appear that yiyi's wicker, flying willow silk, and a song "Folding Willow" like a complaint. And this work of Wang Guan is undoubtedly a masterpiece that can bring people a refreshing feeling among many wing liu words.