Author: Li Zhixian, a reporter of the New Pastoral Network
From 2019 to 2020, the hot topic of the pig industry is building pigs, hoping to make more money with the help of new pig farms to expand the scale; in 2021, pig prices are low, cost reduction and efficiency increase have become the first topic of attention, and everyone hopes to lose less money. On October 19th, at the "2021 Second Southwest Pig Raising Conference and Building Pig Raising Summit Forum" hosted by The Southern Press Media Group and the Southern Rural Daily, and hosted by the Agricultural Treasure Book and the New Animal Husbandry Network, the roundtable forum session invited 8 industry leaders to discuss the topic of "building pig raising and cost reduction and efficiency improvement".
Group photo from left: (representative of the organizer) Southern Rural Daily Editorial Board, Chief Editor of The Animal Husbandry Edition of Agricultural Treasure Book, Deputy Editor-in-Chief of Xinmu Network Peng Jin, Researcher of South China Agricultural University, Secretary General of Guangdong Pig Industry Association, Deputy Chief Animal Pastor of Guangdong Wen's Breeding Pig Technology Co., Ltd., Diao Yunhua, Leader of the Expert Group of Sichuan Animal Husbandry Association and Former President of the Association, Yu Ping, Chairman of Tianzhao Pig Industry and Founder of Yushi Pig Farm, Du Jinliang, Chairman of Kunming Jinhangchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., (Moderator) Du Jinliang, Chairman of Kunming Jinhangchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qu Xiangyang, founder of Nanjing Bovit Health Management Co., Ltd., Zhu Lin, deputy general manager of Mianyang Mingxing Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Sun Yongyue, deputy general manager of Anhui Sigaode Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., and Yu Gaoshui, special expert of The Pig Industry Branch of Shandong Animal Husbandry Association and technical director of Lu Resistance Protection.
(Moderator) Du Jinliang, chairman of Kunming Jinhangchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd
1. I would like to ask you to share your views on pig farming in buildings. What are the advantages of raising pigs in buildings? What are the shortcomings? Will building pig houses become the trend of the future?
Yu Gaoshui, a special expert of the Pig Industry Branch of Shandong Animal Husbandry Association and the technical director of LuKang Animal Protection
Yu Gaoshui: The advantage of building pig breeding is to save land, and intensive production can improve efficiency. It also has certain disadvantages, such as large upfront investment and excessive density, which is why some people are worried about the pressure of biosecurity.
Sun Yongyue, deputy general manager of Anhui Sigaode Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd
Sun Yongyue: The land problem is a major constraint on the current pig industry, and building pig breeding can solve the land problem very well, and raise more pigs on a single square of land. At the same time, building pig breeding is conducive to the establishment of standards, pig house construction standards are high, depreciation period is long. Steel structures can be depreciated for up to 25 years and concrete structures for up to 50 years.
The initial investment in the building pig house is indeed relatively large, the flat-floor pig house is 200 yuan / m2, the building is about 1100 yuan / m2, and the high energy can reach 1600 yuan / m2. Of course, the density of pigs is higher, and biosecurity is also higher, from two aspects of this problem, less personnel in and out can be reduced, to some extent the risk is also reduced, this problem is a matter of opinion. The future trend is that there will be more building pig houses, the current scale process in the industry is still relatively slow, and the future quality and efficiency improvement also need more modern pig houses.
Zhu Lin, deputy general manager of Mianyang Mingxing Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd
Zhu Lin: The pig house in the building can raise the same number of pigs as the flat-level pig house with about 10% of the land, and the 10,000 sow farm used to need thousands of acres of land, and now a few hundred acres is enough.
From other aspects, the financing and mortgage loans of building pig houses have more advantages, flat pig houses are often not considered high-quality assets, and banks and other institutions are more recognized for building pig houses. I think that the level of biosecurity is related to the design, and the building pig house can completely distinguish the dirty road and the net road without crossing, while the flat layer pig house cannot do it.
From the perspective of management, the scale of the previous 10,000 pig farms was generally divided into several pig farms, and now they can be centralized feeding, washing, and the risk of disease entering the farm is reduced; now the cost reduction of the integrated project is very effective, the division of labor is clear, and the professionalism is higher. According to observation, enterprises that have used the building model will not turn back to the traditional flat-level pig house.
The short board is that some links are not fully mature, and many aspects need to continue to explore and optimize, such as environmental control problems, fan noise reduction, and leakage prevention.
Yu Ping, chairman of Tianzhao Pig Industry and founder of Yushi Pig Farm
Yu Ping: Biosecurity prevention and control issues, depreciation costs and other aspects of the building pig house have advantages. I am a staunch enforcer of building pig farming, and I will not go back to the flat-level pig barn.
Diao Yunhua, head of the expert group of the Sichuan Animal Husbandry Association and former president of the association
Diao Yunhua: By this year, I have been in contact with the pig industry for 40 years, and after long-term observation and thinking, I think that if pig farming has higher efficiency, it should be a general trend, and at the same time, non-plague still exists, and we must also remain cautious and in awe. The number of pigs in Sichuan buildings is about 64 projects, of which 18 have been built and 4 have been put into production, which is generally believed to be the comprehensive impact of non-plague and high pig prices, which has promoted the great development of pig breeding in buildings. If you want to develop building pig breeding, it is recommended to choose the appropriate plan scientifically and rigorously. At present, the operation time of the building pig house is still short, and it has not experienced one or two pig cycles, and some problems are not easy to judge.
Cai Gengyuan, researcher of South China Agricultural University, secretary general of Guangdong Pig Industry Association, and deputy chief pastor of Guangdong Wen's Breeding Pig Technology Co., Ltd
Cai Gengyuan: According to statistics, the production capacity of guangdong building pig houses is growing and developing rapidly. We say that people are accustomed to living in buildings and do not want to live in bungalows, and the pig industry is the same, and buildings and pig houses should be the trend of the future.
2. There are different understandings of cost reduction and efficiency increase in the industry, which is more important, cost reduction and efficiency increase? How to scientifically reduce costs and increase efficiency from feed nutrition, pig breed selection, sow renewal and elimination, scale reduction and other aspects? What other ways can we reduce costs and increase efficiency?
Cai Gengyuan: I would like to put forward two points of view: First, reducing costs and increasing efficiency should be something that the pig industry has insisted on for a long time, and now it is emphasized that this issue is to ensure that pig farms survive in the cold winter, and the benefits and cash flow are the "cotton clothes" of pig enterprises, and more benefits should be obtained with minimal investment.
Second, to reduce costs and increase efficiency, we must grasp the degree of good, we must grasp their internal relations, we cannot reduce costs for the sake of reducing costs, and it is impossible to ask horses to run and horses not to eat grass. One-sided reduction of investment is not worth the loss, the necessary input is indispensable, and what needs to be reduced is unnecessary expenditure and waste.
Diao Yunhua: Cost reduction and efficiency increase are not opposites, pig farms need technology, can not blindly follow the trend, the concept of new products should be cautious, not necessarily all reliable. According to the needs of the pig farm itself, the choice of real products is effective.
Qu Xiangyang, founder of Nanjing Bovit Health Management Co., Ltd
Qu Xiangyang: According to my own experience, raising pigs is a cost competition at a moderate scale. Cost control has nothing to do with the market, and it is also the basic work to be done in ordinary times. At the same time, you must do a good job of managing your desires. I recommend doing a good job in desire management, budget management, cash flow management and disease health management, while paying attention to the selection and improvement of varieties. According to our observations, after the non-plague, the overall health of the pig herd is in retreat. If the cash flow is healthy, the breed and sow can be replaced gradually, all based on the healthy cash flow situation.
3. At present, many large-scale pig farms are reducing production or eliminating inefficient sows in order to reduce costs. How do you think it should be scientifically eliminated?
Yu Gaoshui: "Cotton clothes" are needed for wintering, and hibernation is required without "cotton clothes", that is, the scientific and orderly elimination of low-yield sows, and the conditions set may be more demanding than ever. How to quickly adjust into the dormant period? The expectations of the market will also affect the decision-making of pig farms, how to adopt the shock mode to survive the winter, whether to retain a certain base of basic sows, waiting for the recovery of production capacity, all need rational and scientific analysis.
Sun Yongyue: There is no need to separate the two schemes of cost reduction and efficiency increase. At present, China's pig industry hardware and software are basically the same as those of developed countries, and even the whole field of IoT has surpassed foreign countries, but there is still a gap in performance such as PSY. It is recommended to adhere to long-term doctrine and form a complete program throughout implementation.
Zhu Lin: The low price of pigs is actually an opportunity to rectify the pig farm and enhance internal strength, take advantage of the elimination of low-capacity sows to adjust the population structure, do disease purification, optimize and train the team.
Qu Xiangyang: How many sows are eliminated depends on the cash flow of the pig farm, and the head enterprises in the industry have reduced production, and some have relatively stable production. There is no accurate figure for the reduction of most sows in the industry, but the use of vaccines such as small and Japanese encephalitis and sow feed can be reflected on the side.
Yu Ping: This wave of pig cycle pig prices soared and plummeted, there are factors of stampede, in fact, pigs were not scarce to that extent at that time, and there are not so many at present, more is the feedback of industry sentiment. Faith is more important than gold, and raising pigs requires a normal heart.
Cost reduction and efficiency improvement must also learn to make trade-offs. I had a similar situation many years ago, when two of the three farms were eliminated, cash flow was abundant, and I survived. The same is true for the elimination of sows, to choose to use the pig farm well, filled, according to the number of sow beds to assess, full load is cost-effective, rather than simply PSY assessment, if the pig farm is not satisfied with the load, the vacant barn will still lead to expensive production costs.
Previous industry analysis believes that 30-40% of sows are back-to-cross pigs, poisonous pigs, fat pigs instead, and now they should be eliminated. My own breeding pigs have new orders starting in October, and if the industry is like this, depending on the production cycle, it may take about six months for the pig capacity to decline.
Cai Gengyuan: From the data of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the breeding sows in July is an inflection point, if there is a lot of decline, it is not necessary, because the production capacity has inertia, a group of new enterprises that have entered the pig industry will still have a certain new production capacity, and the future also needs to be gamed. There are also some farms that do not kill sows and choose abortion treatment.
Like the popular movie "Chosin Lake", we will make money in the future by will, the key is confidence, of course, the bottom comes from high-quality management and healthy cash flow.