On April 24, 1931, in a amusement hall in Hankou, the famous magician Hua Guangqi was performing his magic tricks for the audience, which caused a round of applause. Suddenly, several Kuomintang military police rushed to the stage and quickly arrested Hua Guangqi.
When Hua Guangqi was sent to the camp of the Kuomintang Wuhan Appeasement Office, he found that Cai Mengjian, the director of the Investigation Department, was looking at him with a smile and said, "Hello, Master Hua Guangqi, or should I call you, Mr. Liming." ”
This "Dawn", whose pseudonym is "Hua Guangqi", is no one else, but Gu Shunzhang, one of the main responsible persons of the SPECIAL Branch of the CPC Central Committee.
As we all know, Gu Shunzhang has been called the "most dangerous traitor" of our party. After he was arrested, he immediately chose to defect without even being sentenced, and the reason why the rebellion was so "crisp" was because Gu Shunzhang believed that with his understanding of the CCP, he could completely use the power of the Kuomintang to destroy the entire CPC Central Committee organ and relieve him of all worries.
In fact, Gu Shunzhang's rebellion did almost cause disaster to our party, and the party Central Committee in Shanghai was almost "wiped out" by the Kuomintang.
The reason why the Party Central Committee was able to escape the disaster was because of a hero who fought in the heart of the enemy: Qian Zhuangfei. It can be said that without Qian Zhuangfei, the history of the CCP would have been rewritten because of Gu Shunzhang's rebellion.
Qian Zhuangfei
So, how did Qian Zhuangfei help the Party Central Committee escape the disaster? If there is no Money Zhuangfei, Gu Shunzhang's rebellion will endanger which big figures in our party?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="7" > "Longtan Sanjie" Qian Zhuangfei</h1>
Qian Zhuangfei was a native of Wuxing County , Zhejiang Province ( now Huzhou ) , born in 1896. Qian Zhuangfei grew up in the most humiliating period in China, during the Sino-Japanese War and the invasion of China by the Eight-Power Alliance, and the imperialist powers, relying on their military strength, unscrupulously seized political and economic privileges on the land of China and forcibly monopolized the Chinese market.
Qian Zhuangfei's father was a silk merchant, because of the impact of foreign industrial products, the business deteriorated, and he collapsed under the blow of exhaustion and failure, and died when Qian Zhuangfei was 16 years old.
As soon as the father left, the creditors "came to visit" and demanded debts. In order to compete for their ancestors' property, relatives in The Qian Zhuangfei family also took turns to intimidate their orphans and widows, and some even chose to sue the officials. After receiving the money, the unscrupulous official reversed black and white, saying that he would arrest Qian Zhuangfei and bring him to justice.
Textile factories of the old society
Qian Zhuangfei's mother, unwilling to see her son get involved in the dispute, decisively sent him to Beijing to study, leaving him alone at home to resist the entanglement of various forces.
After Qian Zhuang flew to Beijing, he received great help from his clan relative Qian Xuantong, and thus met Chen Duxiu, Hu Shi and others, came into contact with new ideas, and became a doctor after graduating from school. Later, on the recommendation of his brother Zhang Xian, Qian Zhuangfei joined the Communist Party of China and began to engage in secret work, directly obeying the Party Committee of the Northern Bureau of the CPC.
When he was fine, Qian Zhuangfei liked to walk in Beihai Park with his wife Zhang Zhenhua, and after confirming that there was no one around, he began to distribute leaflets. Sometimes Qian Zhuangfei went to the clinic and would take the opportunity to put propaganda slogans in a leather bag marked with a red cross and find an opportunity to distribute them everywhere.
In those days, distributing leaflets was extremely dangerous, and Qian Zhuangfei and the Kuomintang reactionary military and police "fought wits and courage" in the streets and alleys.
When there is nothing to do, Qian Zhuangfei will often invite some comrades to his home to "play mahjong" and hold many secret meetings. In the brutal underground struggle, Qian Zhuangfei has grown a lot and has become more and more politically mature.
In 1928, Qian Zhuangfei, who was in Shanghai, found a radio training recruitment advertisement when reading the newspaper, and Qian Zhuangfei, who was trapped in his livelihood, immediately signed up, and as a result, he took the first place in the examination and was successfully admitted.
It was not until after entering the training class that Qian Zhuangfei learned that this was a newly established secret service organization of the Kuomintang, and the organizer was Chen Lifu's cousin, Xu Enzeng, director of the Radio Management Department of the Kuomintang Construction Committee.
Xu Enzeng
During the training, Qian Zhuangfei showed amazing talent, which attracted the attention of Xu Enzeng. Xu En, who was also a native of Wuxing, Zhejiang, was very fond of this talented "little fellow".
Therefore, when in late December 1929, when Xu Enzeng was promoted to director of the Party Affairs Investigation Section of the Organization Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee, he specifically sought out Qian Zhuangfei and offered to take him to Nanjing with him and make himself a "confidential secretary." After Qian Zhuangfei asked the central authorities, he followed him to Nanjing.
Soon after, Chen Lifu issued instructions to Xu Enzeng to set up a huge secret service organization with the purpose of "anti-communism" on the basis of the Party Affairs Investigation Section, so as to cooperate with Chiang Kai-shek's "encirclement and suppression" operation against the Red Army, sabotage the underground party, soften the wavering elements within the CCP, and urge them to "surrender themselves." Xu En once wanted Qian Zhuangfei to be his main assistant and help him establish this organization.
Zhou Enlai
Qian Zhuangfei thought that the stakes were very high, and quickly asked Li Kenong to report to the Party Central Committee, and Zhou Enlai thought that the opportunity was rare and quickly instructed: "You take it here!" ”
In accordance with the instructions of the central authorities, Qian Zhuangfei, Li Kenong, and Hu Di, who had infiltrated the Kuomintang, set up a special party group directly under the leadership of the responsible person of the party Central Committee, with Li Kenong as the leader.
Later, Chen Lifu and Xu En asked Qian Zhuangfei to collect information on other parties and political forces while collecting intelligence on the Communist Party. Therefore, Qian Zhuangfei proposed to Xu Enzeng to establish a "semi-public intelligence agency in the form of a news agency", and Xu Enzeng immediately agreed.
Soon after, Hu Di opened the "Great Wall News Agency" in Tianjin, and Li Kenong began to preside over the intelligence agency of the Investigation Section in Shanghai as a "news editor". Qian Zhuangfei sat in Nanjing and commanded the "Zhengyuan Industrial Society". The three people who fought in the Dragon Pond Tiger Cave were later known as the "Three Masters of Longtan".
Longtan Sanjie
Whenever the Kuomintang top brass needed any intelligence, Li Kenong and Qian Zhuangfei picked up some irrelevant information, deliberately exaggerated it, and handed it over to fool around, and they were commended for it.
In April 1930, Chiang Kai-shek, who was uneasy about Zhang Xueliang and the Northeast Army, wanted to get some information about Zhang Xueliang. This task was issued layer by layer and passed to Qian Zhuangfei's hands.
After receiving the task, Qian Zhuangfei quickly ran to the northeast with Chen Geng and Hu Di and others with the documents and activity funds given by the Kuomintang secret service organs, and with the help of the local party organization, compiled a detailed report on the northeast region with little particular importance and submitted it.
Xu En was very happy about this, in the past the Kuomintang agents to the northeast were killed by the Japanese, Qian Zhuang flew out of the horse is really extraordinary, quickly got such "detailed and complete" intelligence, he can't help but open his mouth to praise: "Where are so many good materials!" After that, Xu En once said to others: "My secretary is really useful, shrewd and capable!" ”
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="26" > 48 hours of Qian Zhuangfei</h1>
In April 1931, Gu Shunzhang passed through Wuhan while sending Zhang Guotao to the Eyu-Anhui base area to return to Shanghai, disregarded party discipline, publicly performed "magic performances", and also fooled around with some dancers and socialites, only to be recognized by traitors in Hankou on April 24 and immediately arrested.
After Gu Shunzhang was arrested, he immediately chose to defect and quickly confessed the SECRET COMMUNICATIONS organs of the CPC in Hankou, the revolutionary base area in western Hunan and Hubei, and the hankou office of the Red Second Army. At the same time, an underground party member in charge of the secret communication line between Shanghai and Hankou was also betrayed by Gu Shunzhang.
However, these seemed to Gu Shunzhang to be nothing more than a small "meeting gift," and he told Cai Mengjian, who was in charge of the interrogation, and He Chengjun, the head of the Wuhan camp: "I have a big plan to deal with the Communist Party, and I can sweep away the leading organs of the CPC Central Committee and the central leaders in Shanghai within three days. ”
He Chengjun
After that, no matter how He Chengjun and Cai Mengjian threatened and "advised", Gu Shunzhang did not say a word, and he was bitten to death to report to Chiang Kai-shek personally. At the same time, he also pointed out that the news of his arrest and defection must not be reported to Nanjing.
However, how could He Chengjun and Cai Mengjian take his prisoners under his order in their eyes, and the next day, that night, on the night of April 25, before sending gu shunzhang to Nanjing, they not only sent a special urgent telegram to Chiang Kai-shek, but also to Chen Lifu and Xu Enzeng respectively, telling the story of "the arrest and defection of 'Dawn' and the fact that there is a plan to 'eliminate' the Communist Party Central Committee to be presented to Commander-in-Chief Chiang Kai-shek."
On Saturday, April 25, Xu En went to Shanghai to have fun, and only Qian Zhuangfei stayed at the "base camp" that night. When Qian Zhuangfei suddenly received five urgent encrypted telegrams from Wuhan, each of which had the words "Xu Enzeng personally translated" written on it, he immediately realized that something had happened.
Although Qian Zhuangfei was a close confidant of Xu Enzeng, Xu Enzeng had a "treasure" that he had never touched, that is, the codebook that the top Kuomintang officials needed to use when personally translating telegrams. It is precisely because Xu En was very precious to this codebook, and it was impossible for outsiders to contact it, so Cai Mengjian and the two people were assured and bold to send him a telegram.
However, what Cai Mengjian and cai Mengjian did not know was that Xu Enzeng's precious codebook had actually been mastered by our party for a long time. Once, when Xu En went to Shanghai for a meeting, Li Kenong told him that a girl had recently come to a brothel with extraordinary looks.
Qian Zhuangfei also very cooperatively banged a side drum next to him, and the two sang and sang together, which made Xu Enzeng feel itchy and immediately said that he wanted to "go out".
Li Kenong took the opportunity to advise: "You can't go there with the codebook, in case something happens, you can't bear the responsibility." ”
Li Kenong
Xu En, who felt that Li Kenong was right, put the codebook in a file cabinet, then locked it, pasted a seal, and let Qian Zhuangfei take care of it for himself overnight, don't let anyone touch the file cabinet, and come back tomorrow to get it.
After Xu Enzeng left, Qian Zhuangfei immediately opened the active board located on the back of the file cabinet, took out the codebook and took a photo. Therefore, the high-level secrets of the Kuomintang are simply undefended for our Party.
When Qian Zhuangfei confirmed that something major had happened on the evening of April 25, he quickly took out a copy of the codebook to translate the telegram. The contents of the first telegram alone surprised him: "Dawn is arrested." Gu Shunzhang hurriedly deciphered the remaining telegrams, and learned that Dawn had chosen to defect and was about to take a steamship from Hankou to Nanjing.
Qian Zhuangfei knew that this "dawn" was None other than Zhou Enlai's deputy, Gu Shunzhang, and his rebellion was bound to cause great damage to our party. According to the time mentioned in the telegram, the ship escorting Gu Shunzhang will arrive in Nanjing in 30 hours.
Gu Shunzhang
The problem is that Qian Zhuangfei is not sure whether this is a conspiracy of the Kuomintang to "lure the snake out of the hole" and "catch him hooked", and he can't help but feel a little entangled in his heart.
At this moment, the 6th telegram from Wuhan was sent. After Qian Zhuangfei deciphered it, he learned that it read: "This matter must not be known to anyone other than the "Junzao," otherwise the plan to wipe out the CPC's leading organs will be in vain. ”
Qian Zhuangfei understood that things had reached the point of 100,000 fires. If nothing else, the ship escorting Gu Shunzhang will arrive in Nanjing on the morning of the 27th, and he must send the information to the Party Central Committee by the evening of the 26th.
Therefore, after Sealing the Telegram as it was, Qian Zhuangfei went straight back to his home, woke up his daughter and son-in-law, and said to his son-in-law, who was the liaison between him and Li Kenong: "Liu Qifu, you will go to Shanghai immediately and help me bring a message to my uncle, 'The dawn has left, the mother is critically ill, and you will be transferred to the hospital quickly!'" ’”
Qian Zhuangfei's "uncle" here refers to Li Kenong, and "dawn" refers to Gu Shunzhang, and "has gone" and "is critically ill" indicate that Gu Shunzhang has rebelled and the central authorities are in danger, so it is necessary to "quickly transfer to the hospital", that is, to transfer immediately.
After the explanation, Qian Zhuangfei took out a wallet, took out the money for the ticket from it, and handed it to Liu Qifu, asking him to leave immediately. After that, Qian Zhuangfei hurriedly left the house, tried to find a way to inform the comrades of the "News Agency" to transfer immediately, and then hurried back to the office and waited for dawn.
On the morning of the 26th, after Qian Zhuangfei handed over the top-secret telegram to the refreshed Xu Enzeng, he calmly left on the grounds of "mental fatigue", and then stepped on the train to Shanghai without even returning home.
When Li Kenong received the message conveyed by Liu Qifu, he quickly conveyed the matter to the Party Central Committee. Zhou Enlai, who was in charge of the central government in Shanghai at the time, quickly reached the transfer order. On the evening of the 26th, the CPC Central Committee, the Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee and other leading organs were all transferred to new secret locations.
At the same time, Li Kenong sent a telegram to Hu Di: "Hu Di, Ke Chao is sick. The Dynasty here refers to Qian Chao, qian Zhuangfei's pseudonym, and the underground party members in Tianjin were quickly transferred.
Xiang Zhongfa
In the early morning of the 28th, the Kuomintang reactionaries began to carry out a large-scale arrest operation in Shanghai. However, the "results of the arrest" greatly surprised Chiang Kai-shek, and after half a day of arrest, he only caught Xiang Zhongfa, who went out to see his little wife. The "big surprise" turned into "empty joy", how not to annoy Chiang Kai-shek.
During this period, Xu En had also heard the news that his secretary Qian Zhuangfei was a Communist Party, and he did not quite believe it, so he sent someone to Qian Zhuangfei's house to find him, and learned that he "had not returned home", which suddenly realized that he might be in trouble.
Xu En, who had hurried to Qian Zhuangfei's office, found that the documents in his filing cabinet were neatly arranged without any defects, and the account books were also complete. Xu En could not help but secretly breathe a sigh of relief, Qian Zhuangfei has helped him do a lot of private work over the years, if these account books are published, then he will be "finished".
Casually flipping through the account book, a note fell out, Xu En once picked it up and looked at it, only to see that it read: "The dispute between political views, I hope not to kill my children." Otherwise, once the sir's filthy deeds are disclosed in the news, it will be too late to regret it!"
Later, Qian Zhuangfei's daughter and son-in-law and young children were arrested by the Kuomintang, but Xu En did not dare to really tell qian Zhuangfei's family what to do, so he locked them up for a while and released them.
At the same time, because Xu En was afraid that Chiang Kai-shek would pursue him for improper employment and that the loss of the codebook would lead to the release of the cpc leader's heavy responsibility, he spent money everywhere to make dots, and every effort was made to conceal the matter from Chiang Kai-shek, so that he did not know that Qian Zhuangfei knew about the codebook.
This also directly led to the Kuomintang not changing the password for a long time, until the Long March of the Red Army, which still used this password, which provided great convenience for our army.
Chiang Kai-shek
In addition to Zhou Enlai, the leaders of the CPC Central Committee in Shanghai at that time included Qu Qiubai, Wang Ming, Bogu, Deng Yingchao, Deng Xiaoping, Chen Yun, Chen Geng and Nie Rongzhen, among whom Chen Geng had been captured by Gu Shunzhang's design, but was eventually released because he had saved Chiang Kai-shek's life.
If other leaders had been caught by Chiang Kai-shek, they might not have been so "polite." Therefore, it can be said that it is precisely because of the existence of money and strong flight that the Party Central Committee has been able to escape an extremely dangerous catastrophe.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="55" > the soul lives on</h1> forever
Qian Zhuangfei, who had exposed his identity in the Gu Shunzhang incident, was ordered to go to the Central Soviet Region shortly after he left for Shanghai, took off his suit and leather shoes, changed into military clothes and straw shoes, and concentrated on the collation and deciphering of intelligence.
During his three years in the Central Soviet Region, Qian Zhuangfei successively served as the director of the Red Army Security Bureau and the director of the Second Bureau of the Central Military Commission.
Long
In October 1934, the Fifth Anti-"Encirclement and Suppression" Operation in the Central Soviet Region failed and was forced to make a strategic shift. On the road of the Long March, Qian Zhuangfei once again made a lot of contributions to our party.
Shortly after the Start of the Long March, Qian Zhuangfei led people to decipher Liu Jianxu,300, commander-in-chief of the Enemy's "Pursuit and Suppression" Army," on the deployment of a blockade line. Chairman Mao judged on this basis that if the Red Army followed the line drawn up by Bogu and others, it was bound to fall into a place of no return, and proposed to attack Guizhou, where the enemy's defense was the weakest.
Chairman Mao's proposal was opposed by Bogu and Li De. At the crucial moment, Zeng Xisheng and Qian Zhuangfei sent another briefing on the enemy's situation, including a map of the enemy's situation drawn by Qian Zhuangfei himself, so that Bogu and Li De could understand that the enemy had indeed opened a big net on the way forward of our army, and they had to be forced to agree to Chairman Mao's opinion and march west into Guizhou.
Chairman Mao later recalled: "In marching into Guizhou, Zeng Xisheng and Qian Zhuangfei made great efforts. ”
Qian Zhuangfei, who had made great contributions, was appointed deputy secretary general of the Central Military Commission in March 1935. However, what no one expected was that after only more than a month, he died.
However, there are many historical accounts of how Qian Zhuangfei was sacrificed, for example, in "Ci Hai", it is said that Qian Zhuangfei was killed by enemy aircraft when the Red Army crossed the Wujiang River in the south.
The Dictionary of the History of the Communist Party of China says that Qian Zhuangfei was killed by a reactionary vigilante group on April 2, 1935, in Liuchang Township, Xifeng County, Guizhou.
In the "History of the Cpc Jinsha County", it is said that Qian Zhuangfei was killed after being ambushed by the landlord's armed forces in a large forest by the Wu River.
Statue of Qian Zhuangfei martyr
In order to find out how Qian Zhuangfei, a martyr who saved the Party Central Committee from danger, was sacrificed, on January 10, 1986, the Cpc Jinsha County Party History Office and other units specially went deep among the masses to conduct repeated investigations and verifications, and finally restored the true experience of Qian Zhuangfei's sacrifice:
At the end of March 1935, in order to protect the safety of the central commander on the way of the Red Army's south crossing of the Wujiang River, Qian Zhuangfei led a small group of troops to reconnoiter the enemy's situation first, and as a result, during this period, the troops were bombed by enemy aircraft, and Qian Zhuangfei lost contact with the troops and unfortunately lost his way.
After inquiring with the local people, Qian Zhuangfei followed the Red Army's forward route and headed for the area around The Ladder Rock on the north bank of the upper reaches of the Wu River.
One night, Qian Zhuangfei, who was walking in the mountains, came to a family named Li Congshan to ask for directions, and as a result, Li Congshan saw that he had a package on his body and a pistol in his waist, and he suddenly felt evil in his heart, and tricked Qian Zhuangfei into saying that he wanted to show him the way, took him to the cliff side of Yantianyan by the Wujiang River, took advantage of Qian Zhuangfei's careful observation of the path, pushed him off the cliff, and then picked up the stone and threw it at Qian Zhuangfei...
Tomb of the Martyr Qian Zhuangfei
After Qian Zhuangfei was sacrificed, Li climbed down from the mountain, snatched all of Qian Zhuangfei's packages and pistols, and flew away. Later, after the local people found the body of Qian Zhuangfei, who was wearing a Red Army uniform, they buried him on the spot.
Premier Zhou, who has led the hidden front for a long time, once said: "If it were not for Comrade Qian Zhuangfei, all of us would have died at the hands of the reactionaries." "Qian Zhuangfei undoubtedly made great contributions to our party, and we will always miss him."