<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > introduction - Emperor Hanming's personality was cruel, so he suppressed foreign relatives? </h1>
A family of three treats their relatives as blood and bones.
Why did Emperor Hanming, who was the emperor, not live with his relatives?
Looking at the generation of Emperor Ming of Han, although he left the good name of "Emperor Ming Chacha", his foreign relatives were too much squeezed!
Emperor Guangwu's beloved empress Dowager Yin Lihua, as the mother-in-law of Emperor Liu Zhuang of Hanming, did not stop the Yin clan from being suppressed!
Yin Lihua's nephew Yin Feng, as a donkey, killed the princess and was sentenced to capital punishment!
This was not enough, and even took his father and mother Yin and his wife down to the Yellow Spring together.
Figure 1-1. Legend has it that it is a corner of the White Horse Temple erected by the Han Ming Emperor
The people of the Yin family, except for the mother and a younger brother of Empress Guanglie in the early Eastern Han Dynasty, were killed by bandits, and the other clans all flew to the top with her being pampered!
However, in the time of Emperor Ming of Han, this set did not work!
At this time, because of the death of Emperor Guangwu, Emperor Ming of Han quickly changed his policy toward foreign relatives. He no longer used his foreign relatives against the clan, but suppressed as much as possible!
Why did Emperor Ming have such determination and boldness?
Because there were too many clan rebellions during his reign!
The capable and ambitious clan was all killed by him because of the rebellion, and the rest were all small fish and shrimp that could not turn over the big wind and waves, and he naturally did not need foreign relatives as a counterweight to the power of the clan.
Figure 1-2. The gate of the White Horse Temple
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > what kind of emperor was Emperor Ming of Han? </h1>
Emperor Liu Zhuang of The Han Dynasty was a very favored emperor since childhood.
First of all, he was the flesh and blood of the Queen of Guanglie. As the eldest son of Liu Xiu's favorite concubine of the Guangwu Emperor, he was cultivated by Liu Xiu as the successor of the empire as soon as he was born.
Originally this was nothing, the primogeniture inheritance system, which was practiced in ancient China for thousands of years.
But the problem is that Liu Zhuang was not the eldest son at the beginning!
The earliest zhengpai concubine of the Guangwu Emperor's period was Liu Jiang, the son of Guo Shengtong!
But later, under Liu Xiu's arrangement, Liu Zhuang became the eldest son of Concubine Again.
Figure 2-1. Statue of Liu Xiu in the Sunshine Martial Hall of Luoguang, Henan
Why?
Because when Liu Xiu raised an army in Hebei, the real reason for marrying Guo Shengtong was to co-opt her uncle Liu Yang the Prince of Zhending.
After that, in order not to contradict the interests of the powerful Guo Shengtong family, Liu Xiucai was forced to make Guo Shengtong an empress, and the original Yin Lihua was only made a concubine.
In the fifteen years since Guo Shengtong was put on the throne, Liu Xiu did not want to put Yin Lihua in the position of empress at any time.
When Jianwu was seventeen years old, everything was ready, he abolished Guo Shengtong, and LiYin Lihua was the queen!
After that, Liu Zhuang became the eldest son of Concubine.
After becoming the eldest son, Liu Zhuang naturally ascended to the throne of the crown prince. The original crown prince Liu Jiang was quite self-aware, and after several resignations, he was made the King of the East Sea by Liu Xiu.
And this East Sea King was originally also sealed to Liu Zhuang.
Figure 2-2. Shandong Linyi Langya Garden - Langya is the seat of state governance in the East China Sea
In addition to being favored, Liu Zhuang was also a very intelligent emperor since childhood.
As early as the fifteenth year of Jianwu, the twelve-year-old Liu Zhuang showed extraordinary political talent. At that time, Liu Liu was reporting to the court in The Field, and Liu Xiu inadvertently saw that his report had the following line written on it: "Yingchuan and Hongnong can be asked, but Henan and Nanyang cannot be asked."
Liu Xiu felt strange and asked Chen Liu what this meant. At first, Chen Liu was reluctant to admit that he had cattiness, and lied that he had picked up this piece of cake on the street.
Liu Zhuang, who was 12 years old at the time, saw through Chen Liu's lying at a glance, and he came out of the curtain behind Liu Xiu and explained to Liu Xiu: "Henan and Nanyang are imperial townships, there are many clan rooms, and there must be a situation where there are many fields. However, ordinary officials did not dare to provoke the clan office, so when the superior assigned the task, he instructed Henan and Nanyang not to ask. ”
Liu Xiu suddenly realized when he heard it, and then he quickly interrogated Chen Liuzhen, and sure enough, it was exactly the same as Liu Zhuang's!
Figure 2-3. Nanyang Province
Both intelligent and pampered, Liu Zhuang must have been very lonely when he was a child.
This can be seen in some ways from his deeds after becoming emperor.
After Liu Zhuang ascended the throne, the clan chambers secretly befriended guests with the intention of rebellion. One of the more typical is his brother Liu Jing!
Liu Jing was relatively capable in the clan room, and he was also the most ruthless rebel!
Figure 2-4. Warriors in the garden
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > a three-stage Liu Jing rebellion</h1>
The first stage, the period of fullness of the blood bar. Liu Jing gave full play to his ingenuity and tried to forge letters to shake Liu Jiang, the king of the East China Sea, into rebellion in order to kill people with a knife.
Liu Jiang, the King of the Eastern Sea, deposed Liu Jiang the Crown Prince. His position as crown prince was taken away by Liu Zhuang, and it is reasonable to say that he should be the one who wants to rebel the most.
However, things did not go as common sense predicted, and Liu Jiang's position as crown prince was the result of his own many resignations. He was deposed as a prince and was not oppressed by Liu Xiu or ostracized by the ministers of the DPRK, but purely because of his own judgment from observing the situation, so he had less resentment in his heart.
Figure 3-1. The Protector Heavenly King unearthed at Famen Temple- during the Ming Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty
And the only remaining reluctance was also dissipated because of the vast territory of the East China Sea Fiefdom. Judging from the situation of restricting the clan during the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu's fiefdom of Donghai Guoguo to Liu Zhuang in his early years was a good place! The territory is big, and the people are rich and live in peace!
Every year, Liu Jiang sat and waited for the tax to be collected to live a moist little life. As soon as this forged letter arrived, it first startled him, and then immediately reported the matter to Liu Zhuang.
As a result, Liu Jing's first rebellion failed. For the sake of his mother and brother, Liu Zhuang did not punish him, but only demoted him to the title of King of Guangling and made him a country.
Figure 3-2. Guangling - Slender West Lake in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province
The second stage, the half-dead stage. Liu Jiang's actions made Liu Jing's reputation as a traitor known to everyone, and no one in the DPRK dared to get close to him after that.
At this time, Liu Zhuang seemed to be already angry.
He couldn't wait to find xiangshi and asked if he could raise an army, but he was shocked and sued again!
Probably because this matter was not actually implemented, Emperor Ming still did not punish him.
Figure 3-3. Gaoyou Western Han Dynasty Guangling King Tomb Model
The third stage, the dying struggle stage.
Liu Zhuang's actions in Meng Lang, who had sealed the country, made the officials under the feudal state dare not get close to him anymore.
In this way, his cronies in the court and the fiefdom were lost, and the only way to rebel was to ask God!
He did, and in the Third Rebellion, he adopted the strategy of using the art of witchcraft to curse Emperor Ming.
Finally, after the East Window Incident was denounced by the county officials, he committed suicide.
Figure 3-4. Yangzhou Hanguang Tomb Museum
At this stage of the rebellion, the audience is reluctant to watch, and it is not too interesting for him to live!
In addition to Liu Jing, Guo Shengtong's two sons Liu Kang and Liu Yan, and Xu Meiren's son Liu Ying organized rebellions in the feudal state.
In the end, Liu Ying committed suicide because of the revelation of the matter, and Liu Kang and Liu Yan were only reduced to fiefdoms because of their lighter guilt.
Figure 3-5. Jinan – Liu Kang's fiefdom
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > kill foreign relatives, and Emperor Hanming was never soft-hearted</h1>
If we still have mercy for Emperor Han Ming of the clan, we will all implement an iron-blooded policy towards the foreign relative Emperor Han Ming!
Dou Rong, a great hero who was a widow of the former dynasty and a great contributor to the founding of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was seated consecutively because of his crimes committed by his brother Dou Lin, and was eventually given death.
And Dou Rong's eldest son Dou Mu, that is, the horse of Emperor Guangwu, was the same generation as Emperor Ming, because of the crimes of privately occupying the territory of the State of Liu'an, privately complaining to Emperor Hanming, and bribing officials, and his two sons Dou Xuan and Dou Xun died in prison!
In addition, there were also the suicide of his uncle Yin and his wife caused by the Yinfeng Incident, and the killing of Liang Song, the brother-in-law of Emperor Ming of Han, an auxiliary chancellor personally ordered by Emperor Guangwu!
Figure 4-1. Anhui Lu'an - autumn rain is long, persimmons are satisfactory
And the foreign relatives who were not killed were also in a worrying situation during the reign of emperor Ming of Han.
During the reign of Emperor Ming of Han, he inherited the legacy of the former emperor and painted the portrait of Yuntai Twenty-Eight as an offering. Among the great heroes of the former dynasty, only his father-in-law, Fubo General Ma Yuan, was missed.
In addition, Emperor Ming's three brothers-in-law, Ma Liao and Ma Guang, ma Fang, were no more than Jiuqing in their entire lives!
Figure 4-2. Sculpture of General Ma Yuan of Fubo
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > summary – personal bias is obvious</h1>
During the reign of Emperor Ming of Han, there were historical reasons for treating foreign relatives with extra iron blood.
First, after the development of the Guangwu Dynasty, the foreign relatives gradually became stronger. The newly promoted Yin family, a door and four marquises, Guangwu was only a rich family in Nanyang before.
The development of foreign forces has caused many stupid children to begin to take over power and act arbitrarily, which is not conducive to the rule of the country.
As a famous and strict monarch in history, it is also reasonable for Emperor Hanming to suppress foreign relatives.
Second, from the perspective of Emperor Hanming's suppression of foreign relatives, but from the perspective of tolerance for the clan, his personal emotions are also obviously biased towards the clan.
Personal speculation is that this is because he was favored by the members of the clan since he was a child.
Figure 5-1. Changan
As soon as he was born, he was held in the hands of the Guangwu Emperor. As the founding emperor, he himself was extremely prestigious, so the influence of the Guangwu Dynasty was limited. Emperor Guangwu also used foreign relatives to blackmail the clan room, and the clan room could not turn over any storms.
It was in this environment that when Emperor Ming was a teenager, he gained the territory of the East China Sea, which was larger than many of the old princes. With the prestige of emperor Guangwu, this did not cause any criticism inside and outside the dynasty, so emperor Ming was a collection of the world's favorites in his youth.
Not to mention, Liu Jiang surrendered his hand to the crown prince, and this kind of thing can really make people move for a lifetime!
Moreover, Liu Jiang was very loyal to Emperor Ming thereafter and did not transgress.
Figure 5-2. Shandong Linyi Bin River sunrise
It was at this time that the rapid development of foreign relatives' forces made the children of foreign relatives with uneven quality begin to enter the vision of the royal family. In this case, the foreign relatives may have a bad impression on Emperor Ming.
Not to mention that Emperor Ming himself was an emperor who attached great importance to the rule of law, and naturally did not tolerate extralegal feelings.
Moreover, observing the political achievements of emperor Ming's generation, it is interesting to see that all the clan forces that were attacked died because of rebellion, and most of them committed suicide in fear of sin, and Emperor Ming adopted a tolerant attitude; all the foreign relatives who were attacked were against the law, and Emperor Ming adopted an iron-blooded policy of sitting together.
Figure 5-3. Famen Temple - was founded in the Eastern Han Dynasty during the Ming Emperor
The bias is obvious!
Thinking about it carefully, the sons of the clan were completely at peace with themselves, and the possibility of not doing anything bad except rebellion was very small, and it was more likely that Emperor Ming himself was biased towards the clan.
Judging from the Dutian incident, there are also many sons of the clan who privately occupy the fields. Emperor Ming did not completely shield them, but pointed out their problems to the point.
Although the political ideas of adolescence cannot fully represent the political ideas of adulthood, judging from the evaluation of the words "Ming Emperor Chacha" in the history books, it is still roughly eight or nine.
So the rest of the reasons can only be classified as personal emotions!
Figure 5-4. Qingdao City, Shandong Province - Han portrait brick
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > resources</h1>
Sima Biao. Book of the Later Han Dynasty[M]. Jilin People's Publishing House, 2005.