During the time when Emperor Yuan Shun was in charge of Dayuan, the Zhizheng New Deal was his most sober period. After the destruction of Boyan in 1340, with the support of Detachment, he made great efforts to govern, so that the Yuan Dynasty actually had a Zhongxing atmosphere. This kind of Zhongxing was a policy of "attaching to the Han law" implemented by Emperor Huizong of Yuan to continue the yuan dynasty. The "Annexed Han Law" is first of all Confucianization, followed by the Sinicization of customs.
Confucianism is the foundation, and without Confucianism, the Yuan Dynasty could not have truly entered a period of stable development. However, the sinicization of customs is conducive to ethnic integration, and after the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, the Mongol compatriots who remained in the Ming Dynasty were the result of customs.
Daotong, as a county commander under Zhu Yuanzhang, was deeply influenced by Confucianism and was eventually framed and killed by Zhu Liangzu. Zhu Yuanzhang knew about it and whipped Zhu Liangzu to death, at this time, Daotong had actually been treated equally by Ming Taizu. Why? It lies in the result of the sinicization of customs.
Why did the Confucian process fail?
The Confucianization of Yuan rule began only in Yelü Chu (1190-1244). Beginning with the submission of Yelü Chu to Kublai Khan in 1215, the Mongol Empire began its Confucianization, which lasted 150 years by the time of the Yuan Dynasty. Why didn't it work? The speed of its Confucianization was much slower than that of the Liao and Jin dynasties, and even slower than that of the later Qing Dynasty. This is mainly due to the far-reaching influence of the original culture of the Mongol rulers.
The Mongol rulers jumped from the late primitive society to the early slave society, and their time expanded for a long time, and although the Yuan Dynasty ancestors implemented the "Han law", they were still relatively conservative about their original Mongolian traditions. Even Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty, who was very supportive of the "Annexed Han Law", also belonged to the conservative faction.
Quoted from toutiapedia
The three major problems of the Yuan Dynasty were not solved
After Crown Prince Zhenjin took over the government, he actively promoted the policies of Liu Bingzhong and Yao Shu, which led to the opposition of father and son. In the end, True Gold died. Emperor Wuzong, Emperor Renzong, Emperor Yingzong, Emperor Taiding, and Emperor Huizong all actively tried to push the rule of the Yuan Dynasty into a policy of "gradual Confucianism", but they were always prevented by extremely powerful forces.
There are three main points of this resistance:
First, the Mongols, as victors, faced the same problem as the Liao and Jin dynasties: kings, nobles, and bureaucrats opposed changing customs to prevent their interests from being damaged
During the Mongol Empire, the siege of the city was mainly plundered, and then divided into kings and nobles. This has never changed, but if the Yuan Emperor's title is less, then the military support of the local kings for the Yuan Emperor will be small. This was more evident during the Liao and Jin dynasties. For example, the famous Fu Bi persuaded the Liao lord not to go south, using the means of provoking contradictions between the monarch and the nobility. The monarch of the Liao state lost the war, but after the battle, the "reward" noble Lord Liao lost again, and the nobles increased their strength regardless of victory or defeat.
Although the Yuan Dynasty had a large financial revenue, military expenses, reward expenses, redundant officials, and Buddhist expenses all turned the finances into insufficient income. Rewards are not only rewards from the Great Khan of mongolia and the emperors of the Yuan Dynasty, but also by the empresses, empresses, and princes with various wills. Emperor Wuzong's ascension to the throne consumed 5.2 million ingots for the reward alone (including the 4.2 million that were recorded at the time and 1 million that had not yet been spent, so it is conceivable that sporadic later additions would have been recorded due to the imperfect financial system at that time). Various rewards (rewarding people from top to bottom, from kings to monks), Buddhism directly causes financial emptiness.
Military costs are enormous. By the first month of the 24th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1287), the military expenditure of 500,000 ingots for a month and a half from New Year's Day to mid-February was equivalent to 10 times the national tax revenue during the Tianbao period of the Tang Dynasty.
Second: Except for the ancestors of the Yuan Dynasty, the emperors of successive dynasties were constrained by the power of their subjects and did not have the power to implement the policy of "attaching to the Han law"
Ahma and Sango in the Yuan Dynasty, Hala Hasun during the Wuzong period, Temu di'er in the Renzong period, Tie Lost in the Yingzong period, Xu Maijie in the Taiding period, Yan Timur in the Wenzong period, and Boyan during the Shun Emperor.
YuanDadu Ruins Park
From the death of Emperor Chengzong in 1307 to the accession of Emperor Shun to the throne in 1333, nine emperors came to power in 24 years, all of whom controlled the imperial power. After Kublai Khan's death, he experienced four wars, namely "Wuren Granted", "Change of the Southern Slope", "Battle of The Two Capitals", and "Father-Son Civil War". Behind the constant military coups d'état was the competition between the mongol primitive culture, the Confucian culture, the Tibetan Buddhist culture, and the Wuer culture; the competition between the Mongols and the Semu and the Han and Nan.
Third: because of corruption, discrimination, war, economic policy failures, etc., inflation is extremely serious, but the ruling class still has not stopped enjoying itself
Paper money is one of the mainstream currencies of the Yuan Dynasty, and the Yuan Dynasty is also known as the "World Paper Money Empire", because the Yuan Dynasty is after all nominally suzerainty with the four khanates, so the paper money of the Yuan Dynasty can be called the world currency at that time. But this "empire of paper money" is not stable. It is a pity that the Ming Dynasty did not learn the lessons of the Yuan Dynasty, and Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Di father and son issued a large number of paper money, thus making the Daming banknotes bear the notoriety of "inflation" at the beginning of their birth, and are known as "the first evil government of the Ming Dynasty".
For example, the price of rice has always been able to buy one stone of rice from the thirteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1276), and then more than doubled every year, and began to stabilize and decrease after the twenty-fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty, and bought one stone in the tenth year of The Great Virtue. After that, it rose to twenty-five to buy one stone in the fourth year, and to sixty-seven to buy one stone in the fifteenth year of the first fifteen years (1355).
Grain prices vary from region to region across the country, such as the price of grain in Hangzhou, which rose to twenty-five in the nineteenth year of Zhizheng (1359).
The above three major problems combined with the problems that the Central Plains regime also had, such as corrupt officials and corrupt officials everywhere, under the guidance of natural disasters, the Red Turban Army uprising broke out.
The Confucianization of the Yuan Dynasty forever on the road: from Kublai Khan to the Yuan Shun Emperor
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The Liao and Song dynasties had a hundred years of peace and an alliance of the Liaoyuan Dynasty, and the consolidation period paid attention to seats and tickets Fu Bi persuaded the Liao lords not to march south