The war in northern Myanmar caused a flood of refugees into China. Not to mention how deeply the Kokang region has ties with China, from the perspective of ordinary people alone, any war will be collateral damage. Whether it is the economy or the people's livelihood, it will bring no small harm.
Judging from the current conflict in northern Myanmar, civilian casualties and displacement have been caused. Many people fled to China in a hurry, although they are only separated from their homes by a river, but on the other side of the river, the artillery fire is still continuous, and on this side of the river, there is food, there is drink, and the key is that they have a sense of security.
Seeing this news, I would like to recommend a world famous book "War and Peace" to everyone. This book is a representative work of the Russian writer Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy. I believe many people have heard it when they were in middle school. With concise words, excellent and astonishing psychoanalysis, Tolstoy vividly and vividly depicts an exciting group of characters in the history of Russian literature.
Synopsis
War and Peace is set in the Great Patriotic War of 1812. Centered on Napoleon's invasion of Russia, the author depicts the heroic scenes of the Russian people rising up against the invaders, while also exploring the historical fate of the aristocratic class. The novel revolves around the life of the four noble families such as Balconsky, and takes the fate of the main members of the four families as the plot thread throughout, depicts the social customs of Russia, and shows a broad picture of life.
In July 1805, Napoleon led his troops to conquer Europe, and a fierce war was brewing between France and Russia. However, the people in the upper echelons of Petersburg still lived a quiet and leisurely life, and the dignitaries gathered at the family banquet of Anna Pavlovna, the empress's female official and favorite.
The banquet was attended by the high-ranking court official, The Valcilian and his beautiful but misbehaving daughter, Melen, and Pierre, a tall and strong young man with glasses, short haircuts, light-colored fashion shorts and a brown tuxedo. Pierre, the illegitimate son of the famous Moscow aristocrat Bezhu Haofu, studied abroad from an early age, and in 1805 he was 20 years old and returned to China to seek a job in the capital. As soon as he entered the banquet hall, he was interested in talking about Napoleon's conquest of Europe. Here he happily became acquainted with the handsome and resolute young Andrea, the eldest son of Balconsky, the former commander-in-chief of Emperor Paul, and the two soon became good friends.
The heroine, Natasha, is an aristocratic lady, young and beautiful, innocent and lively, able to sing and dance. Older brother Nicholas was a handsome hussar officer. Natasha's friend Pierre, who was also an aristocrat, had just returned from studying in France and had no plans for the future, frequenting social venues and spending time at the gambling table.
Andrei was called by General Kutuzov to serve as his messenger, who would go abroad to fight against napoleon's army in Europe, hoping to bring glory and glory to himself through this war.
Pierre's close friend, The Duke of André, was an officer under Kutuzov who came to Natasha's house on a business trip and fell in love with Natasha at first sight. Natasha's parents agreed with the marriage, but Andre's father was adamantly opposed, insisting that he wait a year before considering it.
During the year of waiting, Natasha met Helen's brother Anatoly, who could not stand Anatoly's seduction and planned to elope with him, and wrote to Andre to ask for the dissolution of the marriage. Although the attempt to elope was unsuccessful, it was a heavy blow to Andre.
In the Russo-French War, both sides suffered heavy casualties. Andre was seriously wounded in the famous Battle of Borodino (aka Moscova) and died soon after. Pierre's wife Helen also died in Petersburg.
In June 1807, Russia and France made peace and a peaceful life began.
In 1812, Russia and France fought again, and Andrei Paulcons was seriously wounded in the Battle of Dobskino, while the Russian army was gradually defeated, seeing that Moscow was about to fall into the hands of the enemy. The Rostov family sent the wagons originally used to carry the family property to transport the wounded soldiers, so that Natasha could find the dying Andrei Paulkonsky among the wounded soldiers. She apologized to him and took great care of him, but all was in vain, and Andrei Pokonsky still could not escape the god of death and died.
Disguised as a farmer, Pierre attempts to assassinate Napoleon, but is captured by the French and taken prisoner. His wife, Ellen, continued her debauchery during the war and eventually died by taking abortion pills by mistake.
After several battles, Russia finally won the victory, Pierre met Natasha in Moscow, the two married, and Andrei Paulkonsky's sister Maria also married Natasha's brother Nikola and formed a happy family.
Main characters
Four families
The Kulakin family
The Kulakin family is a typical example of the court aristocracy far from the people, the greed, stupidity and shamelessness of the court and high society, and a family that has no sense of responsibility for the country and the nation. Insidiousness, cunning, indiscipline and moral ideas are the main characteristics of this family. When Russia was in trouble and Napoleon was approaching Moscow, they did not care about the safety of the country and always wanted to get promoted and rich. Kulagin's daughter, Ellen, is a "beautiful animal" who, when her country is in danger, she also seduces people with her beauty and lives a lascivious life. Kuragin's two sons, Ibaurit and Anatoll, the former stupid and the latter despicable and depraved. Bohemian drinking and leisure are the whole content of the happy life they pursue.
The Rostov family
The Rostov family is typical of the patriarchal manor aristocracy glorified by the author, who are not wealthy, but full of joy and vitality. The Rostov family is close to the people, maintaining the characteristics of simplicity, warmth, sincerity, hospitality, etc., with the quality of a warm-hearted manor aristocracy. Napoleon invaded, they were anxious about the fate of the motherland, determined to contribute everything to the defense of the motherland. Nikolai returned to the army to fight the enemy, and Natasha automatically served the wounded soldiers. At the age of 15, Picha gave up his desire to enter the university and decided to join the army, and finally sacrificed his young life for his motherland.
The Paulkonsky family
The Paulkonsky family has the characteristics of integrity, patriotism, and arrogance, maintaining the "ancient style" of the old nobles who are loyal to the country, and the old duke has always been estranged from the imperial court and maintained a critical attitude towards the court after retiring to the manor in the name of strictness. He served in the army and attached great importance to Skovonov's military art. When his son Andre bid him farewell to the army, he particularly emphasized the honor of soldiers and the sense of patriotic responsibility. The war of 1812 shook him, and he resolutely called the militia to fight against the approaching enemy. In the intense and tense patriotic activities, he suffered a stroke and cared about the fate of the motherland before his death. His son André was a patriot, and his daughter Maria, who was also the inheritor of the patriotic tradition, trembled at the thought of being dominated by the French.
The Bezukhov family
The Bezukhov family is the richest family in Moscow, and Tolstoy writes little about this family. This family is a patriotic family. Pierre is the representative of this family.
Representative figures
Pierre Bezukhov
Pierre was the illegitimate son of the well-known and well-to-do Count Bezukhov, and was at first not recognized by the upper class, which gave him the green light when he inherited almost all of his father's possessions. He is simple and naïve, simple and enthusiastic, but with some "superfluous" atmosphere, and the contradiction is most obvious in him. For example:
Before Pierre left André's house, André advised him not to spend time at the house of the debauchery Anatoly, and Pierre hated his current life and promised: "I swear (not to go to his house)". It can be seen that his attitude is extremely firm. As soon as he left André's house, Pierre thought of the Anatoly family's regular gambling party, followed by revelry and entertainment, and the idea of "it's not bad to go there" popped up. But at the same time he remembered the oaths he had made like Andrea and forced himself not to go. However, the contradictory character makes his mind continue to game:
He (Pierre) thought to himself that the oath he had taken was meaningless, for he had sworn to the Duke of Anatoly before he had sworn to the Duke of Anatoly that he was going to his house. In the end, he thought that this kind of oath did not matter, especially thinking that tomorrow he might die, or encounter some accident, it would not be possible to say that the oath was not at all. Pierre often used such ideas to dissuade his resolve and intentions. The end result was that, after a moment of hesitation and self-persuasion, Pierre went to Anatoly's house.
For example, Pierre's attitude towards Helen, the socialite of high society (who later became Pierre's wife), also shows its contradictions. When Pierre was still an illegitimate child, Helen's father, the scheming Duke of Vasilievsky, did not take him into account. When Pierre inherited a large inheritance and became the richest man in Petersburg, the Duke of Vasilievsky always made arrangements for Pierre to fall in love with his daughter Helen. The contradictory Pierre is sometimes impressed by Helen's country-loving appearance and demeanor, and sometimes disgusted by the sight of her debauchery. Sometimes he was complacent about being able to marry such a social flower, and sometimes he felt that he did not love Helen at all, all of which was only forced by form. When the surrounding upper class people were interested in matching him and Helen, he "felt for the first time that a recognized relationship had been formed between him and Helen." The idea frightened him, and the release of the Buddha gave him an obligation that he could not afford, but at the same time it was his pleasure, for it was an interesting idea. ”
Pierre knew that Helen was stupid, and what caused him was not real love, but an ugly, despicable feeling. He had also heard of the scandal that Helen had also been in love with his own brother. But he was powerless to refuse, and he felt frightened, because at the same time as he thought about it, another thought, "Helen is an attractive woman, also came to mind." It is because of the contradiction that Pierre has not yet clearly shown his love to Helen. But he already had a vague sense that he would not be happy to be united with Helen, and he had to avoid her. But a month and a half later, Pierre was still living at Helen's house, and he still felt in horror that his relationship with her was getting closer and closer to her in the eyes of the people, and he could no longer regain his previous opinion of her, and could never leave her again. He felt compelled to combine his fate with Helen.
Pierre knew that everyone wanted him to cross the line and show love. He wasn't sure if he loved Helen. At Helen's naming party, he was haunted by the contradictory idea of whether to confide in Helen. In the end, it was the scheming Duke Vasili who "picked out" everything in front of all the guests, knowing that Pierre did not love Helen, but easily pushed his daughter into the arms of the new Count Bezukhov.
However, the nature of the country is easy to change, and the charm has always been Helen's true color. After marrying the huge rich Pierre, she did not abide by her duties, but instead had an affair with Talokhov. This annoyed and upset Pierre. At a banquet, When Talokhov provoked Pierre, Pierre couldn't bear it, pushed aside his chair, got up from behind the table, and firmly told Talokhov that he would duel with him.
But on that day, before the duel began, Pierre had a ripple in his heart, and he felt why a duel, why kill someone? Either I beat him to death, or he hit me in the head, elbow or knee. Or escape from here and hide somewhere."
While the pistol was already loaded and the flames of the duel were about to erupt, Pierre's deputy, Niesvitsky, advised Pierre for the last time that it was not worth it. Pierre's mind took several turns in the matter of dueling, one would be determined to duel, the other would feel that it was not worth it, but immediately returned to the idea of dueling. The contradiction and vacillation of thought are quite obvious.
Nikolai Rostov
Nikolai was the eldest son of the Rostov family, and he was simple and kind, bent on becoming a soldier to serve the motherland. It is a typical representative of the militaristic national character in "War and Peace". At the banquet on the naming day of the rostov family's mother and daughter, the old Count Rostov complained to the guests that he had already done an errand for his son Nikolai in the archives. Who knew that his son would have to "because of friendship", to leave college like his friend Boris, and to become a hussar. Nikolai, who knew that he was still very young, blushed, as if to refute the shameful slander against him, and said: "It is not because of friendship at all, I think it is my duty to serve in the military." ”
When he learned that his father was still reluctant, Little Nicholas said, "If you don't want me to go, then I can stay." But I knew that I couldn't do anything except be a soldier. I'm not a diplomat, and I'm not an official, because I don't hide my feelings. At another family gathering not long after, a colonel said that the Russian Emperor's edict declaring war on France had been published in Petersburg and that war with Napoleon was imminent. The Colonel patted the table and called on everyone to die for His Majesty the Emperor, to fight to the last drop of blood, and to talk as little as possible. After saying this, he turned to the young man and asked what his opinion and opinion were. As soon as Nikolai, who was next to him, heard about the war, he left his female companion who was talking, opened his eyes, and raised his ears to listen to the colonel. He was curious and enthusiastic about everything related to the war, and at this moment his face was flushed, and he turned the plate resolutely, and removed the wine glass, as if at this moment there was a great danger approaching, and he said: "I fully agree with you. I firmly believe that the Russians would rather die than win. ”
After saying this, Nikolai was still a little embarrassed, as if ordinary people had said too much and over the top.
Nikolai had a heart to join the army and serve the country before entering the battlefield and experiencing the war, and regarded this belief in advocating force as his responsibility and obligation, and was more willing to personally experience and participate. Sure enough, without any hesitation, Nikolai enlisted in the army and became a real hussar. In the Battle of Senglaban, his newborn calf was not afraid of tigers, and was brave and fearless, killing the enemy until he was wounded. Before the battle began, the commander hesitated and did not dare to give the order to attack. At this time, Nikolai was bent on hurrying up! He felt that the time had finally come to attack, and he could also taste the joy of the charge that he often heard from his hussar companions.
After hearing the order to attack, Nikolai rushed to mount his horse and set off. The faster the horse ran, the happier he was. He found a lone tree in front of him, which was originally on the dividing line between enemy and enemy. Now that he had crossed the line, he was not only not terrible, but even happier. He also clutched the hilt of his sword and vowed to beat the enemy to death. "Well, now whoever falls into my hands." Nikolai thought, stabbed the white-billed crow (his horse), ran in front of all the people, and lunged forward with all his might.
The enemy can already be seen ahead. Suddenly it seemed as if a large broom (actually a cannonball) had swept over the head of a cavalry company. Nikolai raised his saber and prepared to slash, but just then the soldiers galloping in front of him left him (in fact he was injured). In the Battle of Schenglaben, Nikolai fought on the front line with enthusiasm. The closer he got to the war, the happier he became, the more excited he became, the more he looked forward to it. He is the image of a typical martial Russian guy.
Maria Paulkansky
The author creates a loving image of Maria. In her heart, surrounded by intense love, only those who believe in God can have a true understanding of the essence of love in their hearts. This love comes from the heart, loving others as if you loved God yourself.
Maria, daughter of the old Duke Ofolkowski, is the most religious character in the novel. She had two major fetishes: one was her nephew Nikolai, and the other was religious. She wasn't pretty, and even a little ugly. They pray in front of idols every day and often receive those who travel around, willing to listen to their stories and share their experiences. She loved her family, loved ones and even strangers and was willing to sacrifice her happiness for them.
In a long letter to Jolie, she wrote: "I only think that christian love for relatives, love for enemies, is more precious, more joyful, and more beautiful than the feelings aroused by the beautiful eyes of a young man in the heart of a poetic and amorous girl like you."
At the end of the novel, when Maria marries Nikolai and becomes a countess, she still constantly examines whether her words and deeds conform to the requirements of Orthodox doctrine. She was determined to do what she couldn't do. Strive to love your husband, children, nephew Nicholas, and all men equally as Christ loved humanity. She spent her whole life pursuing the fraternity advocated by the doctrine in order to attain infinity, eternity, and perfection.
Maria's brother Andrei, after being seriously wounded at the Battle of Borozino, was transferred to a rescue station, where he met his enemy, Anatoly, the man who had almost kidnapped his fiancée Natasha, and it was because of this person that he had no connection with Natasha in this life. When he saw that Anatoly had just had his legs amputated and was extremely weak, his anger naturally dissipated, leaving only sympathy and regret: sympathy, fraternity, love, love for those who hate us, love for enemies, this is the love that God preaches in the world, the love that Maria taught me. But I never understood; that's why I loved life. If I could live, that would be the only feeling left in my heart.
After this, the war situation became increasingly cruel, and the badly wounded Andre was displaced, and then accidentally met Natasha again, and finally Natasha took care of him until the end of her life. He had loved Natasha and later resented Natasha for her change of heart. But at the end of his life, he realized the purpose of fraternity. Love others, love enemies, love everything, love God everywhere. To love a dear person can be with human love, but to love the enemy can only be with the love of God. Neither death nor anything else can extinguish love, for love is the essence of the heart. At the time of his death, he was still thinking about loving all things in the world, loving all people, and always sacrificing himself for love. Love prevents death, and love is life. Because he can love, he can understand everything. Because you can love, everything exists in the world. Only love can connect everything.
Natasha Rostova
13-year-old Natasha is the youngest character in the novel, a girl with black hair and big eyes, although her appearance is not very different, but her personality is very lively and cheerful, her figure is also very good, is a childlike, innocent and lively girl. As a teenager, Natasha was cast by Tolstoy as an angelic figure, a symbol of happiness and beauty, a little angel who was loved by everyone. However, the years of war and the constant influence of society, coupled with Natasha's thoughts and experiences, made her grow into a revolutionary fighter, for her motherland, she was willing to participate in the war and give everything she had.
Natasha is the most beloved daughter of the Rostov family. She fell in love with Andrea, but was only engaged because of the obstruction of the man's family, and agreed to marry if the two were still in love with each other after a year. After the engagement, Andrei went abroad to heal her wounds, leaving Natasha alone in her youth. During an opera performance, Helen deliberately matches her brother Anatoly and Natasha together, and Natasha can't help but feel fond of Anatoly, feeling that there is no obstacle between the two of them. But when natasha returned home from the theater, she woke up from a dream and realized what she had just done. Shocked, feeling guilty, her face swollen red, wondering how she could fall to such a point, she immediately felt that her love with Andrei had been ruined by herself, and she felt guilty inside.
But on second thought, Natasha reassured herself that nothing had happened. I haven't done anything, and I haven't provoked anyone. No one will know what happened today. I won't see him again. So, there is nothing to repent of, and The Duke of André can still love someone like me. However, self-paralysis and deception are not so easy to succeed. Although Natasha tried her best to forget everything that happened that day, to forget Anatoly, as if nothing had happened, she still loved Andre as before. However, she found that her original pure love for Duke André was over. And she couldn't help but recall the conversation with Anatoly, the gestures and smiles of the handsome and bold man.
Natasha is also a young girl with a new heart, and has just had a hazy understanding and initial attempt at love. But even in the process of understanding and trying, it can also highlight its contradictions. The love that had always been simple and persistent for Duke André was half shattered when he met Anatoly. After she found that she could even have a good feeling for Anatoly, she began a contradictory psychological process: first of all, she was ashamed, she felt that she had no face, and she could not stand the Duke of André. Then he felt that nothing was too much, that there was no seriousness, and that Duke André could go on. But when I think about it, I feel that my relationship with Andrei is still tainted, and it is impossible to go back to the past. But it was in this complex psychological process that she couldn't help but think of "that charming Anatoly." The contradiction in his thinking is fully reflected in this series of psychological activities.
Kutuzov
Kutusov was a very humble and ordinary man, who always maintained a very close relationship with his soldiers and the masses of the people. He can understand the morale and the will of the people, can properly grasp the will of the people, and act according to the will of the people. In his own behavior, he basically does not mention himself, always talks to people very approachably, and shows very simple feelings. In the face of the French invasion, he stood on the same front as his own people and fought heroically for his homeland.
Tolstoy followed the principle of close integration of the ordinary and the great, the ordinary and the hero, and shaped the image of Kutuzov, the leader of the Great Patriotic War of 1812. Tolstoy believed that any genius historical figure should obey the wishes and demands of the masses of the people in the course of history; it is the great spiritual force of the vast number of soldiers and civilians that produces outstanding commanders. The source of Kutuzov's strength comes from the patriotism of the people, and in his activities embodies the ideas and aspirations of the people. Tolstoy praised him as "the representative of the national war" and "a truly great man".
Kutuzov was an experienced, tenacious and courageous military commander who worried about the country and the people. He was white-haired and stocky. Sharp and long-term, sympathetic to subordinates and the people, well versed in the way of military command. And not good at greeting flattery, firmly living in their own faith and conscience. He was appointed commander-in-chief in the Russo-French War, and with his unique military insights and military strategy, he led the Russian people to counterattack Napoleon's army and finally won the victory.
As a military commander, Kutuzov had his own unique leadership style and operational philosophy. He attached great importance to the psychological state of the soldiers, that is, "morale". And try to guide it.
After the defeat of the French army was a foregone conclusion, Kutuzov was so excited that he drew a cross, shed tears, and sobbed to the general who came to report on the situation, saying that he was grateful to God and the brave army. And prepared to drive the enemy out of the country the next day. Despite his old age, he was bent on dedicating himself to the motherland and insisted on using force to confront the aggressors until he drove the aggressors out of his homeland. He is the best representative of the whole work advocating force and fighting bravery and good war.
As the French pressed against the city of Mozhaysk (not far from Moscow), the capital, Moscow, was threatened and the situation became increasingly critical. In order to soothe the mood of the people and to call on everyone to unite against the French invading army, Kutuzov personally drafted a proclamation in which he swore that he would defend Moscow until the last drop of blood was shed, and even prepared for street fighting. He advised everyone not to worry about the closure of government offices, and all order would be restored. He called on everyone to use axes, spears, or three-toothed forks to drive the invaders back to their hometowns.
Andrey Paulkowski
Duke Andrei Borconsky, 26 years old, kind-hearted, generous, worried about the country and the people, heroic and good at war, is one of the representatives of Tolstoy's outstanding youth. Before the Battle of Schenglaben began, Andre was eager for honor. He even thought about what to do if there was only one way to die, but he immediately changed his mind and thought that even if it was, it wouldn't matter. He was convinced that he would never do worse than anyone else.
Kutuzov agreed to Andrea's request and sent him to the advance force of Bagration. Duke André has the motherland and the people in his heart, and in order to win, he needs to put life and death aside. And fight for it at all costs.
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