In 1977, the Republic had just finished a decade of turmoil and was in the midst of a process of putting things in order. In October of that year, in view of the fact that the work of the "public, procuratorial, and judicial authorities" was basically paralyzed at that time, the central authorities issued a circular on soliciting opinions on amending the Constitution.
In March 1978, Ye Jianying made a "Report on Amending the Constitution" at the first session of the Fifth National People's Congress, and nominated Huang Huoqing to be the first procurator general after the reconstruction of the Supreme People's Procuratorate.
One
In May 1901, Huang Huoqing was born in a peasant family in Yangzhuang Village, Xinshi, Zaoyang City, Hubei Province. In 1923, he joined the party organization while studying at the No. 10 Middle School in Xiangfan, Hubei Province, and was sent to the Wuhan Workers' Movement Training Institute for training, and in June 1926, he was sent to Moscow to study the Communist Party of the Oriental Workers, and after returning to China, he successively served as the political commissar of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army Division, and was later promoted to the director of the Political Department of the Red 9th Army.
The Red 9th Army Corps was a contingent formed by the Party in 1933 on the basis of the Red 3rd Division and the Red 14th Division, with a total of more than 9,000 troops, with Luo Binghui as the commander and Cai Shufan as the political commissar. It is a pity that under the command of the Comintern representative Li De's erroneous military line, our army suffered unprecedented losses, and only more than 4,000 men remained in the Red 9th Army.
In order to break the "encirclement and suppression" of the Kuomintang, the Central Red Army decided to carry out a strategic shift.
During the Long March, the Red 9th Army Corps shouldered the heavy responsibility of covering the central organs, fought many battles with the enemy, and by the time it arrived in Guizhou, there were less than 1,000 men left. After the Zunyi Conference, in the Battle of Sidu Chishui, Huang Huoqing led the Red 9th Army to resist the Guizhou army at Fengxiangba to cover the center. During the battle, the Red 9th Army fought a fierce battle with the enemy Wang Jialie, and finally defeated the enemy, and then went deep into the border of Yunnan and Guizhou, where the Miao people lived, to carry out anti-local tyrants and propaganda activities, attracting more than 1,500 Miao youths to join the army.
In July 1935, after the Central Red Army and the Red Fourth Front Army met in Maogong, Zhang Guotao, the leader of the Red Fourth Front Army, had swollen personal ambitions and deliberately created a split, and even led the Right Route Army south to the Sichuan-Kangbian area to set up a separate "Central Committee". Huang Huoqing realized Zhang Guotao's mistake of opposing the central government and creating a split, and resolutely resisted Zhang's actions, but was retaliated against by Zhang Guotao and deprived of command.
At that time, Huang Huoqing was suffering from severe typhoid fever, and Zhang Guotao did not allow military doctors to treat him, wanting Huang Huoqing to die. Fortunately, Dr. Fu Lianzhang secretly gave Huang Huobiao some deer antler velvet seized when he was fighting local tyrants, and Huang Huoqing gradually recovered his health after eating it, and then climbed back from the death line.
Zhang Guotao's separatist behavior was strongly opposed by the vast number of commanders and fighters of the Fourth Front Army, and Zhang Guotao was finally forced to abolish the puppet Central Committee. In October 1935, after the three main forces of the Red Army successfully joined forces in Huining, Gansu, Mao Zedong took Huang Huoqing's hand and said: "You Huang Huoqing is not anti-the Central Committee!" ”
After the end of the Long March, the Central Committee established the Western Route Army to carry out the Western Expedition, and Huang Huoqing was appointed by the Central Committee as the head of the Military Affairs Department of the Political Department of the Western Route Army and participated in the westward expansion operation. Due to various reasons, the Western Route Army was finally defeated after several months of hard fighting. After Xu Xiangqian and Chen Changhao returned to report to the Central Committee, Huang Huoqing, Li Zhuoran, Li Xiannian and others formed a working committee of the Western Route Army, and led the rest of the Western Route Army to go deep into the Qilian Mountains and start a guerrilla attack with the enemy.
At the end of April 1937, the left detachment led by Huang Huoqing finally met Chen Yun and Teng Daiyuan, who had come to meet them, near Xingxing Gorge on the border between Gansu and Xinjiang. At this time, there were only more than 400 people left in the left detachment. With the approval of the central government, Huang Huoqing took the more than 400 people into Xinjiang. It was not until 1940 that Huang Huoqing overcame various difficulties and returned to Yan'an to serve as the secretary general of the Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
During the War of Liberation, Huang Huoqing successively served as deputy secretary of the Jireliao Branch, secretary of the Rehe Provincial Party Committee, and political commissar of the Rehe Military Region.
Two
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Huang Huoqing worked in Tianjin for a period of time, and was appointed deputy procurator general of the Supreme People's Procuratorate in 1955, and was transferred to Liaoning in 1958 to serve as the first secretary of the Liaoning Provincial Party Committee.
Huang Huoqing's tenure as first secretary of the Liaoning Provincial CPC Committee coincided with the climax of the "Great Leap Forward." Huang Huoqing, as the first secretary of the provincial party committee, on the one hand resolutely implemented the line and policies of the central authorities, and on the other hand, on the basis of his many years of practical experience and the style of seeking truth from facts that he had formed over a long period of time, he put forward his own opposition to the "urban people's communes" that had appeared in various parts of the country: Cities are a unity and cannot be divided into several communes, which will easily cause everyone to eat together and suffer economic losses.
At that time, all parts of the country were running public canteens, and Liaoning was no exception. Through investigation, Huang Huoqing discovered some of these problems, believing that the establishment of a public canteen had caused a lot of waste, and said to the central government: "Under the current conditions, it is better for the canteen to be scattered."
In that special environment, it is very difficult for Huang Huoqing to remain sober and have the courage to put forward his views to the central authorities even though most people are hot-headed. Under his promotion, Liaoning also became the first province in the country to cancel public canteens.
Huang Huoqing didn't expect that his outspoken words would make him suffer a few years later.
In the political storm in the mid-60s of the last century, Huang Huoqing also became the target of "defeat" and suffered all kinds of persecution. He was once dragged to the 10,000-person stadium for criticism, and he was also sent to the "cowshed" for reflection, and only 60 yuan per month was paid for living expenses, and his life was very difficult.
Once, Huang Huoqing, as the "biggest capitalist roader" in Liaoning Province, was arrested and criticized. At that time, he had just undergone surgery and needed to eat at any time, so he kept holding a thermos bottle of white porridge in his hand when criticizing the bucket.
During the criticism, some people "exposed" that at a certain meeting of the Central Committee, Chairman Mao criticized a certain leading comrade of the Central Committee by name, but Huang Huoqing did not convey it to the bottom after returning to Liaoning, which was an intention to "block Chairman Mao's voice". Huang Huoqing took a sip of white porridge unhurriedly and replied: "What is conveyed and what is not conveyed, the central government has regulations." I did it in accordance with the instructions of the central authorities. Someone else asked, "Which center are you referring to?" The answer was categorical: "The Party Central Committee headed by Chairman Mao!" The rebels were speechless.
Difficulties could not frighten Huang Huoqing, but he could not bear to be away from work for a long time. In order to return to work as soon as possible, he also gave his old comrade-in-arms Chen Xilian and others, who had fought together in Taihang Mountain, and wanted to ask Chen Xilian to come out and report his problems to the central government, so that he could return to work as soon as possible. Unexpectedly, the letters he wrote were all withheld, and Chen Xilian did not receive a single one, so Huang Huoqing waited for a long time and did not wait for a reply.
It wasn't until after 1978 that Huang Huoqing waited for the opportunity to come out and work. At the first session of the Fifth National People's Congress held this year, Huang Huoqing was nominated by Ye Shuai to serve as the chief procurator of the Supreme People's Procuratorate.
Three
After working in the Supreme People's Procuratorate, Huang Huoqing found that the Supreme People's Procuratorate at that time had only a so-called three-person left-behind branch left, and everything else was blank. In order to support his work, the central government selected and transferred 50 people to work in the Supreme People's Procuratorate, most of whom were transferred from other industries and were not familiar with legal work at all, so many people were worried: Can Huang Huoqing arrest the work of the Supreme People's Procuratorate?
Faced with the situation at that time, the first thing Huang Huoqing did was to draft a new "Organic Law of the People's Procuratorate." The reason for this was that some comrades at that time still had different opinions on whether it was necessary to set up procuratorial organs; Within the procuratorial organs, there are also differences in understanding of the nature, working methods, and leadership principles of the people's procuratorates.
In the drafting of the new "Organic Law of the People's Procuratorate," Huang Huoqing personally participated in discussions on many occasions and put forward many important opinions. For example, he pointed out that the mainland's procuratorial work must adhere to the party's leadership and implement the mass line. In terms of the scope of the jurisdiction of the procuratorial organs, it is neither general supervision nor exhaustive, and should be limited to cases that violate the criminal law and need to be investigated for criminal responsibility; Legal supervision of the people's courts' civil trial activities should also be limited to whether the courts handle cases in accordance with the law.
After more than half a year of hard work, a new "Organic Law of the People's Procuratorate" has finally been promulgated. Talking about this new law, Huang Huoqing couldn't help but sigh: "It's really not easy!"
After Huang Huoqing came to the Supreme People's Procuratorate, he was also faced with a difficult problem: After the end of the 10-year turmoil, there were a large number of unjust, false and wrongly decided cases throughout the country, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate received a large number of appeal letters from all over the country every day, with an average of 70,000 to 80,000 cases per month.
Huang Huoqing attached great importance to these appeal letters, and while organizing the staff of the Supreme People's Procuratorate to conduct a review, a large number of cadres seconded from the provincial procuratorial departments jointly handled these appeal letters. In addition, he personally led a team to go deep into the provinces to conduct investigation and study on the main issues reflected in the people's letters. After that, the party group of the Supreme People's Procuratorate wrote a special report to the central authorities, which promoted the development of the nationwide redress of unjust, false and wrongly decided cases.
After Huang Huoqing became the chief procurator of the Supreme People's Procuratorate, he also participated in the litigation of the Lin Biao and Jiang Qing counterrevolutionary group cases. The trial of Lin Biao and Jiang Qing's counterrevolutionary clique for usurping the party and the country is a major event in the political life of the Chinese people, and it is not only of concern to the people of all nationalities throughout the country, but also to the people of all countries in the world.
In 1979, at the suggestion of Hu Yaobang, Huang Huoqing served as the deputy head of the leading group for the trial of Lin Biao and Jiang Qing. In the following year, Huang Huoqing, who was nearly eighty years old, guarded the materials of the "two cases" on his desk, which were one meter high, and personally read and studied them one by one, and finally came up with a "Report on the Examination of the Cases of Lin Biao and Jiang Qing's Counterrevolutionary Group" in September 1980.
Four
On November 20, 1980, the 10 main culprits of Lin Biao and Jiang Qing's counterrevolutionary clique were brought to a solemn courtroom for a public trial that lasted more than two months.
Huang Huoqing's daughter Huang Yiyu recalled: "In the court, the most difficult thing to deal with is Jiang Qing, who is cheating, quibbling, and messing around. Huang Huoqing was very familiar with He Zizhen as early as the Red Army period, and he also knew Jiang Qing during the Yan'an period, so when Jiang Qing was messing around in court, Huang Huoqing was dumbfounded, which became a piece of news that TV audiences paid attention to at that time. ”
At the special court where Lin Biao and Jiang Qing tried the two counterrevolutionary groups, Huang Huoqing, as the public prosecutor, represented the state and used detailed evidence to prosecute the two counterrevolutionary groups for their heinous crimes of bringing disaster to the country and the people. His righteous and impassioned lawsuit embodies the aspirations and feelings of the people of the whole country. In the end, the court handed down a verdict in accordance with the law, and the main culprits of the two counterrevolutionary groups also got the fate they deserved.
After the "two cases" ended, Huang Huoqing, in view of his advanced age, wrote a letter to the Central Committee in order to make way for his younger comrades, requesting his resignation as chief procurator of the Supreme People's Procuratorate. After that, Huang Huoqing was elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the Central Advisory Committee at the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.
Although Huang Huoqing has retired from his leading post, he is still always concerned about the cause of reform, opening up, and socialist modernization. Shortly after leaving the Supreme People's Procuratorate, together with Wang Congwu, Song Shilun, and Guo Shushen, members of the Central Advisory Committee, he spent a great deal of time and energy writing an article entitled "A Review of the Rectification Movement of the Yan'an Central Party School," which had a positive impact on the work of rectifying the party that was going on at that time.
In September 1998, the organs of the Supreme People's Procuratorate held a symposium to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the reconstruction of procuratorial organs. Huang Huoqing, who is 98 years old, attended the forum and spoke despite his advanced age. When he saw the vigor of the procuratorial cause in the new era, he couldn't help but write a poem: "When you are old, you should be disarmed, and your thoughts should not be idle." The years have passed in a hurry, and the thoughts are still like Dan! ”
On November 9, 1999, Huang Huoqing, who had fought all his life for the procuratorial cause of New China, passed away in Beijing at the age of 99.
Resources:
"People's Procuratorate" magazine: "Procurator General Huang Huoqing"
Zhao Xin: "The sunset is infinitely better, the dusk is more brilliant-Comrade Huang Huoqing's two and three things"