66 health literacy
In order to adapt to and meet the growing health needs of the public, the National Health Commission revised and released the Health Literacy of Chinese Citizens – Basic Knowledge and Skills (2024 Edition) (referred to as the "66 Health Literacy Articles") in May 2024. Let's learn the new version of "66 Health Literacy", improve health knowledge and skills, practice a healthy lifestyle, and be the first person responsible for your own health!
Article 1
Health is not just the absence of disease or infirmity, but a good state of physical, mental and social adjustment. Prevention is the most effective and cost-effective means of promoting health.
The definition proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) reminds us that health does not only mean that the body is free from disease and infirmity, but also refers to being in a good state in all three aspects: physical, mental and social adaptation.
In good shape
It is characterized by a strong physique and good function of various organs.
mental health
It refers to a good psychological state, which is manifested in being able to properly recognize and evaluate oneself and the people and things around oneself, have harmonious interpersonal relationships, be emotionally stable, behave purposefully, not indulge, be able to cope with the pressure in life, be able to study, work and live normally, and contribute to the family and society.
Social adaptation
It refers to maintaining the balance and harmony between the individual and the environment, society and interpersonal communication through self-regulation. Individuals should take the initiative to respond to environmental changes, actively adapt to the changing natural and social environment, and build harmonious interpersonal relationships.
"Prevention first" is the traditional health care concept of the Chinese nation, and it is the health and health work policy that the mainland has always adhered to. At present, the mainland is facing the dual threat of major infectious diseases and a variety of chronic diseases. The situation of prevention and control of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases remains grim. The prevalence of chronic diseases remains high, and deaths caused by chronic diseases account for 88.5% of all deaths, becoming a major public health problem affecting the country's economic and social development. Whether it is an infectious disease or a chronic disease, it is mainly related to personal hygiene habits and lifestyle.
A large number of practices at home and abroad have proved that adhering to prevention first and developing a civilized and healthy lifestyle are the preferred strategies and measures for the prevention of infectious diseases and chronic diseases, and the most effective and economical means to promote health.
Article 2
The physical and mental health of citizens is protected by law, and everyone has the responsibility to maintain their own health and not to harm the health of others.
The Civil Code of the People's Republic of China, the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China, the Basic Medical Care and Health Promotion Law of the People's Republic of China and other laws clearly stipulate citizens' right to health, such as:
Article 104 of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China stipulates: "Natural persons enjoy the right to health. The physical and mental health of natural persons is protected by law. No organization or individual may infringe upon the right to health of others. ”
The Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China stipulates in many places that acts that seriously endanger human health will be punished by criminal law.
Article 4 of the Law on Basic Medical Care and Health Promotion of People's Republic of China stipulates that "the State and society respect and protect citizens' right to health. The state implements the Healthy China strategy, popularizes healthy life, optimizes health services, improves health security, builds a healthy environment, develops health industries, and improves the health level of citizens throughout their life cycle. The State shall establish a health education system to ensure citizens' right to health education and improve their health literacy. ”
Improving public health requires the joint efforts of the state, society and individuals. Everyone has the right to health and the responsibility not to harm the health of others. Not polluting the environment, not spitting, not smoking in public places, not driving dangerously, and self-management when suspected or diagnosed with infectious diseases are all manifestations of taking responsibility for health and not harming the health of others.
Article 3
Take the initiative to learn health knowledge, practice a civilized and healthy lifestyle, and maintain and promote your own health.
Everyone is the first person responsible for their own health, and should establish the concept of being responsible for their own health, establish a correct concept of health, actively learn health knowledge and skills, practice a civilized and healthy lifestyle, continuously improve their own health literacy, and take the initiative of health in their own hands.
A healthy lifestyle is a habitual pattern of behavior that is beneficial to health. According to the World Health Organization, in the context of the current spectrum of chronic diseases, among the various factors affecting health, lifestyle and behavioral factors have the greatest impact, accounting for 60% of the contribution. Therefore, changing unhealthy behaviors and practicing healthy lifestyles is of great significance for health outcomes and is a factor that individuals can change through their efforts.
Healthy lifestyle
It includes not only the "four cornerstones" of prevention and control of chronic diseases such as reasonable diet, moderate exercise, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol, and psychological balance, but also the civilized and hygienic habits for the prevention and control of infectious diseases such as hand hygiene, scientific wearing of masks, maintaining social distance, paying attention to cough etiquette, opening windows for ventilation, separating meals and chopsticks, and garbage classification, as well as good living habits such as regular work and rest, combining work and rest, adequate sleep, clean environment, green travel, and saving and environmental protection.
In addition, traditional Chinese medicine is a great creation of the Chinese nation, a treasure of ancient Chinese science, and a summary of the Chinese nation's thousands of years of health preservation concept and practical experience. In 2014, the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the National Health and Family Planning Commission issued the "Chinese Citizens' Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Care Literacy" to popularize the basic concepts, knowledge and skills of Chinese medicine health care to the public, and citizens should learn to use Chinese medicine health care methods and skills to maintain and promote their own health.
Article 4
The environment is closely related to health, protecting the environment and promoting health.
A good ecological environment is the foundation of human survival and development, and many diseases suffered by human beings have a great relationship with environmental pollution. Uncontrolled consumption of resources and pollution of the environment are the root causes of the deterioration of the ecological environment. Everyone has the responsibility to take care of the environment and protect it from pollution and destruction. If any behavior that damages the ecological environment is discovered, it should be discouraged or reported in a timely manner.
Abide by laws and regulations to protect the environment, pay attention to social morality, consciously develop good habits of saving resources and not polluting the environment, and advocate a civilized, healthy, green and low-carbon, simple and moderate lifestyle. Reduce resource consumption and implement garbage separation. Give priority to choosing green and environmentally friendly products, reduce the use of disposable consumer goods, save water and electricity, use air conditioning moderately, and practice low-carbon travel.
Keep the home environment clean and hygienic, and often clean the indoor and courtyard hygiene, leaving no sanitary dead corners. There is no odor in the kitchen and toilet. Garbage is cleared every day, and garbage classification is done. Take care of the public environment, standardize the raising of pets, do a good job of cleaning up pet feces, and do not disturb the people in cultural, sports and entertainment activities, so as to jointly create a clean, comfortable, quiet and beautiful living environment.
Climate change and the occurrence of extreme weather events can affect health. Green consumption and low-carbon travel can help mitigate climate change. The elderly, children, pregnant women, sick people and outdoor workers are vulnerable groups, and it is necessary to actively pay attention to weather forecasts, air quality information and meteorological disaster warning information, and take risk precautions in advance. In extreme weather, it is necessary to pay more attention to the changes of underlying diseases and seek medical treatment in a timely manner, minimize or avoid outdoor activities in heavily polluted weather, try to avoid heat and prevent heat stroke in high temperature and heat wave weather, pay attention to keep warm and prevent frostbite in low temperature and cold wave weather, and prevent accidental injuries such as drowning in typhoon and rainstorm weather.
Source: National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention
Editor: Shen Yiqing