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The Migration of 700 Million People: Can China Embark on a New Path with Industrial Relocation?
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China in the 21st century is undergoing an unprecedented population migration, different from the historical nomadic people's living in water and grass, this time, it is the roar of machines and the lights of factories, guiding hundreds of millions of Chinese to embark on a new journey, which is a great change caused by industrial transfer, which not only reshapes China's economic map, but also profoundly affects the fate of countless ordinary people
From the bustling southeast coast to the vast inland hinterland, the wave of industrial transfer is rolling forward, pushing China into a future full of unknowns, opportunities and challenges coexist, hope and anxiety are intertwined, in this magnificent change, can China find a new way?
1. From "three-line construction" to "undertaking industrial transfer demonstration zone": a centennial journey of China's industrial transfer
In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, in order to quickly establish an industrial system, a large number of factories sprung up with the assistance of the Soviet Union, mainly concentrated in the northeast and other regions with rich resources and a good industrial base
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Since 1964, nearly 200 billion yuan, more than 100,000 sets of equipment and millions of workers, cadres and intellectuals have moved from the coastal areas to the southwest and northwest inland areas, and a large number of national defense industrial bases have been built, which has made great contributions to China's national defense security and industrialization process
After the reform and opening up, China joined the wave of globalization, the spring breeze of the market economy woke up the sleeping oriental dragon, with low labor costs and huge market potential, the coastal areas rose rapidly, becoming the "world factory", foreign-funded enterprises have been stationed, labor-intensive industries are booming, creating a world-renowned "China speed"
With the development of the economy, the coastal areas have gradually exposed problems such as land resource shortage, rising labor costs, and environmental pollution, and the central and western regions are still facing difficulties such as lagging development, weak infrastructure, and lack of talents
In order to solve the development problem and achieve coordinated regional development, the Chinese government began to actively promote industrial transfer, guide the orderly transfer of industries from the eastern coastal areas to the central and western regions, and in 2006, the state issued a document proposing to build a "demonstration zone for undertaking industrial transfer", marking that China's industrial transfer has entered a new stage
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II. Migration of 700 Million People: Opportunities or Challenges?
Is industrial transfer a once-in-a-lifetime development opportunity or an unbearable heavy burden for the central and western regions?
Opportunity:
Infrastructure construction acceleration: In order to undertake industrial transfer, infrastructure construction in the central and western regions has ushered in unprecedented development opportunities, and transportation networks such as highways, railways, and airports have been increasingly improved, providing convenient conditions for enterprises to settle in and transport goods
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Increased employment opportunities: Industrial transfer has brought a large number of jobs to the central and western regions, attracted a large number of rural surplus labor force and college graduates to work, and effectively alleviated the employment pressure
Accelerated economic growth: Industrial transfer has driven investment and consumption in the central and western regions, promoted the rapid growth of the local economy, and narrowed the economic gap with the eastern region
Accelerated urbanization: Industrial transfer has promoted the urbanization development of the central and western regions, and a number of emerging cities have sprung up, expanding the scale of cities and improving urban functions
Challenge:
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Environmental pollution risk: The relocation of some highly polluting and energy-intensive industries to the central and western regions may put pressure on the local ecological environment and even cause environmental pollution incidents
Single industrial structure: Most of the industries undertaken by the central and western regions are labor-intensive industries, with low technology content and low added value, and it is easy to fall into the dilemma of "low-end lock-in".
Brain drain risk: Due to the relatively weak attractiveness of the central and western regions in education, medical care, culture, etc., it may lead to brain drain, which is not conducive to the long-term development of the industry
Unbalanced regional development: Industrial transfer is mainly concentrated in the central cities and transportation hubs in the central and western regions, while the development of other regions is relatively lagging behind, and the problem of unbalanced regional development is still prominent
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3. How to achieve the sound development of industrial transfer?
Industrial transfer is a "double-edged sword", there are both opportunities and challenges, how to make use of the strengths and avoid the weaknesses, to achieve the benign development of industrial transfer, is a question of the times that China is facing
1. Strengthen top-level design and optimize industrial layout: The government should formulate scientific and reasonable industrial transfer policies, guide enterprises to transfer in an orderly manner, avoid blind investment and vicious competition, and formulate differentiated industrial development plans according to the resource endowment and development foundation of each region, so as to avoid "one size fits all" and "one side of a thousand cities"
2. Increase policy support and create a good environment: The government should increase policy support for fiscal, financial, and taxation in the central and western regions, provide a more favorable policy environment for enterprises, strengthen infrastructure construction, improve the public service system, and provide better living and working conditions for enterprises and talents
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3. Encourage scientific and technological innovation and upgrade the industrial level: It is necessary to encourage enterprises to increase investment in scientific and technological research and development, promote industrial transformation and upgrading, transform from labor-intensive industries to technology-intensive industries, and transform from low-end manufacturing to high-end manufacturing
4. Strengthen environmental protection and promote green development: environmental protection should be taken as an important prerequisite for industrial transfer, and it is strictly forbidden to transfer high-pollution and high-energy-consuming industries to the central and western regions, and enterprises should be encouraged to adopt cleaner production technologies and develop a circular economy to achieve a win-win situation of economic development and environmental protection
5. Promote regional cooperation and achieve common development: It is necessary to encourage the eastern region and the central and western regions to strengthen industrial cooperation, establish a mutually beneficial and win-win cooperation mechanism, strengthen cooperation between the central and western regions, and form a regional linkage development pattern
Fourth, industrial transfer: the only way for Chinese-style modernization
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The migration of 700 million people is profoundly changing China, and industrial transfer is not only a change in economic geography, but also a reshaping of social structure, an innovation in development concepts, and an important embodiment of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity
Chinese-style modernization is the modernization of common prosperity for all people, and industrial transfer has brought hope for the development of the central and western regions, and also provided new possibilities for China to explore a more balanced, more coordinated and more sustainable development path
I believe that under the leadership of the Party and the government, and with the joint efforts of the people of the whole country, China will be able to embark on a road of industrial transfer in line with its own national conditions, achieve high-quality economic development and coordinated regional development, and create a better future
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