If we talk about Weiyuan Tower, Li Jialong Palace, etc
The fruitful relics of human friendship are Longxi
The most mellow and brilliant corner
Then the same ancient intangible cultural heritage
It is the continuation of the bloodline of Longxi for thousands of years
It is engraved with a long-standing cultural memory
Times change, an ancient culture passed down from generation to generation
These cover singing and dancing, eating, living, and more
Complex and delicate folk skills with long charm
Maybe it lost its luster for a short time
Many skills have been mixed up in the long river of history
Intangible cultural heritage technology that can be displayed in front of visitors at the moment
It is already precious and priceless
Up to now, Longxi County has announced 71 intangible cultural heritage items in 10 categories, of which Longxi Yunyang Board was promoted to a national intangible cultural heritage project in May 2021, Longxi folk songs, Longxi bacon production skills, and "Indiping Daqu" brewing and production skills have been included in the provincial list, and 32 items have been selected for the municipal list and 35 items for the county list, and the construction of the four-level list system is basically sound.
01
Yunyang board
Longxi Yunyang board is one of the national intangible cultural heritage, is a group dance art in Longxi County, Gansu Province, because its props evolved from the magic weapon "Yunyang board" held by Uncle Cao Guo, one of the legendary eight immortals. Yunyang board dance was originally a folk sacrificial activity of the local temple fair during the "Chaoshan Meeting", which was famous for its soft and vigorous, crisp and sassy demeanor, and later gradually evolved into a folk dance art in which the people expected the wind and rain to be smooth, the country and the people were safe and blessed with auspicious wishes during the festival.
Photo by Chen Xiaorong
Photo by Wang Zheng
Renshou Mountain is the eighth day of the fourth lunar month every year, it is the largest "Chaoshan Meeting" in the county, the team that performs the Yunyang board, also known as the "Chaoshan Team", the team members have a double bun on their heads, wear saffron on the top, drape cloud shoulders, tie the battle skirt, wear shorts, step on the blue linen shoes, walk lightly, dress freely, colorful, like a fairychild. They hold the Yunyang board (commonly known as the "clapper") as a prop, row in two rows, two people in a row, under the guidance of the flag, the suona blowing, and the gongs and cymbals in unison, they make a symmetrical waving march: sometimes the dance board hits, and the Jin Ge sings; Sometimes the dance board is in the air, like a rainbow flying. It is the end of spring and the beginning of summer, the flowers are red and willow green, the scenery is pleasant, and the visitors are weaving. Each team of Yunyang boards actually danced, showing their own potential, which was extremely spectacular.
02
Longxi folk songs
Longxi folk songs are one of the provincial intangible cultural heritage of Gansu Province, and there are many different names for folk songs in Gansu, some places are called flowers, and some places are called mountain songs. Longxi folk songs belong to "Longzhong Flowers", also called Longxi mountain songs. Longxi folk songs, according to the different scenes sung, there are mountain songs, wheat songs, and ramming songs. The singing method and singing tone of Longxi Mountain are basically the same, but there are differences. To the south of the Wei River, it is called Chengchuan (Nanshan) Mountain Song, and the tune is beautiful and beautiful; To the north of the Wei River, it is called the North Road Mountain Song, and the male voice is high-pitched, majestic, and compact.
Longxi folk songs have a high artistic charm in the ingenious use of dialects and native languages, the tunes are beautiful and beautiful, the sentence structure is concise and smooth, the content is extensive and diverse, the performance is lively and casual, and it is a folk music art with strong vitality. Longxi folk songs have always been circulated among the people in the way of oral transmission, singing the life and emotions of the working class, and singing the unforgettable love between men and women.
Longxi Cultural Heritage
03
"Indiping Daqu" brewing and production techniques
"Indiping Daqu" brewing technique. The wine adheres to the local method of brewing, the raw materials are pure grain, and the brewing process is simple. Cheng Wanli, the inheritor of "Indiping Daqu" liquor, has studied and improved the formula, continuously improved the design concept, and developed and produced more than 20 series of products that highlight the humanistic feelings and traditional cultural connotations, among which the "Four Famous Works", "Meilan Bamboo Chrysanthemum" and "Zodiac Commemoration" are favored by customers. In 2017, it was included in the list of representative items of intangible cultural heritage in Gansu Province.
04
Longxi bacon production skills
Longxi bacon has a long history. According to records, the restriction of curing bacon in Longxi began in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. The pigs slaughtered in Longxi bacon are mainly from Zhangxian County and Minxian County, especially the Minxian nettle pig is the best. Because there are many wild medicinal materials in Minxian County, the pigs raised by farmers are grazed in spring, captive in autumn, and when the bacon pickling households purchase and slaughter in winter, the fat and lean meat of pork (commonly known as pork belly) are intertwined, and they have medicinal properties and pure taste.
The lean meat is bright like a red glow, thin but not firewood; The fat meat is crystal like agate, fat but not greasy, slightly transparent, plus salt, pepper, cumin, ginger peel, cinnamon, incense and other more than 10 kinds of condiments marinated and sun-exposed meat, the color is delicious and fresh, the flavor is unique.
Photo by Yu Tian
Longxi bacon, fatty but not greasy, salty, sweet and fragrant, its unique climatic conditions, especially suitable for the curing of cured meat. Its original taste, fresh colors and unique flavor are popular among consumers. Historically, Longxi bacon has been widely known in the northwest region and has been sold to Lanzhou, Xinjiang, Xi'an and other places for a long time.
05
Longxi banquet style - Gongchang twelve bodies
Longxi, Qin placed Longxi County, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties set up Gongchang Mansion, so people still call Longxi Gongchang. The prosperity of the Silk Road town, along with the economic and cultural development, the catering industry here is also quite developed. According to legend, the court officials stationed in Gongchang have promoted the combination of foreign cuisine and Longxi traditional cuisine to varying degrees, continuously developed and innovated, accumulated thousands of years of experience and achievements, and gradually formed its own unique style of Gongchang cuisine. By the Qing Dynasty, the Gongchang banquet had Han banquet and full banquet. Hanxi is divided into eight bowls of water, eight bowls, all ten ways, twelve bodies, fourteen bodies, eighteen bodies, and twenty-four bodies.
Longxi saves plates
"Gongchang Twelve Bodies" is the local people's New Year's festivals, weddings and funerals, banquet guests of the usual banquet specifications, with local production of pigs, sheep, cattle, chicken and other meat and eggs, mountain delicacies, dried and fresh vegetables and fruits as the main raw materials, supplemented by fish, duck, highlighting the characteristics of the northwest, with local flavor. Twelve main dishes, meat and vegetarian, hot and cold, steamed and stir-fried; Sweet, salty, sour, spicy, numb, with different tastes; Color, fragrance, shape, taste are good, with rich and simple, affordable, elegant and vulgar appreciation, suitable for all seasons and deeply loved by the local people, from generation to generation, long-lasting.
06
The Astragalus Party participates in the craftsmanship of the craft
The Li family originated in Longxi, and "Longxi Hall" is famous at home and abroad. It is rich in resources, developed in industry, enjoys the name of "Northwest Medicine Capital" and "Millennium Medicine Town", and is suitable for producing a variety of authentic high-quality Chinese medicinal materials, Codonopsis, Angelica, and Red Astragalus are large in quantity and high quality, well-known at home and abroad, and are "the hometown of Chinese Astragalus".
Longxi astragalus has to go through meticulous processing before it can enter the market. Its processing technology mainly includes to remove the reed head - selection and grading - drying - kneading - to remove the side root - drying - kneading - pruning - pruning - drying and other procedures, the traditional two kneading processing technology has created the Longxi Astragalus "quality is firm and cotton, the color is yellow and white, the texture is fine, the powder is sufficient, the taste is sweet", and the astragalus "first out of Longxi" is worthy of its name. After processing, Longxi Astragalus is known as the high-quality product of Qi, which can be used to make soup and tea, and has the effects of replenishing qi and raising yang, fixing the surface and stopping perspiration, diluting water and reducing swelling, nourishing blood and supporting sores and muscles.
07
Herb dyeing
Chinese herbal dyeing refers to a method of extracting pigments from various Chinese herbs containing pigments that are naturally grown in nature to dye the dyed objects, also known as "plant dyeing". As early as more than 3,000 years ago, the ancient Chinese began to use Chinese herbal medicine for dyeing. There is a clear record of the beginning of plant dyeing in the "Zhou Li", and the Zhou Dynasty also had an official position to manage the dyeing, called "the official of dyeing grass", also known as "dyeing people".
▲ "Handmade by peasant women" Chinese herbal medicine dyed silk and linen scarf
There are 313 kinds of Chinese medicinal materials in Longxi, which can be used for fiber dyeing. The root of the blue is dyed blue, the walnut skin is dyed brown, the wormwood is dyed brown, the yellow is dyed yellow, and the camel root is dyed golden...... The inheritors of herb dyeing regard these herbs as a treasure, and the all-natural plants are the representative of color under their hands.
Embroidery and herb dyeing non-genetic inheritor - Qi Hui
Qi Hui, the non-genetic inheritor of embroidery and herb dyeing, once said, "There are far more than twelve colors extracted from Chinese herbal medicine, and in addition to the color of the herbs themselves, there are many harmonic colors." The process of "fixing the color" is very magical, completely following the ancient techniques handed down in ancient China, and then soaking the colored silk scarf through mordants such as alum and green alum to fix the color, forming a natural "chemical reaction", leaving the color on it permanently.
08
Longxi brand painting
Longxi branding painting, also known as hot painting, fire brush painting, is generally hot painting on wooden boards and gourds. It is said that Longxi brand painting was introduced from Nanyang, Henan Province in the 30s of the Republic of China. With the progress of science and technology, the branding painting has been replaced by the previous oil lamp branding to the modern "electric branding", and the Longxi branding painting is mainly completed through the steps of material selection, sketching, branding, withdrawal, sealing, waxing, and mounting. The finished works have the charm of Chinese painting, simple and elegant, fresh and beautiful, unique, and very decorative and collectible.
The creation of Longxi branding painting mainly relies on the hand to control the strength and speed of the electric soldering iron on the wooden board, resulting in dark brown and even black, and has a certain relief effect. In the creation of water and bird paintings, all kinds of wooden boards can be used, and the painting of the theme of the brand should carefully select the appropriate wooden boards, which can be selected with delicate texture and white color. There are many forms of branding, the most common of which are wood, felt, and gourd painting. It is characterized by using Chinese medicinal materials as materials to brand different cultural and creative products.
09
Kang Yandong clay sculpture
Clay sculpture art, commonly known as "Caixiang", is an ancient and common folk art of Chinese folk tradition, that is, a kind of folk handicraft made of clay to make various images. The method of making it is to mix a little cotton fiber with dry ten miles. After pounding well, knead it into mud for various figures. After drying in the shade, coating with primer, and then applying color painting it to use the mud as raw material. It is shaped by hand. or plain or colored. Mainly people and animals. Clay sculpture is commonly known as "color sculpture" and "clay play" in folklore.
Kang Yandong, the inheritor of Longxi intangible cultural heritage clay sculptures
Kang Yandong "Peacock Face Sculpture"
Yang Zhicheng "Stable Folk Face Sculpture"
Sun Cailing "Welcome to the Flower Bun"
10
Paper-cut window grilles
Window grilles are paper-cuts pasted on windows, which are relatively ancient traditional folk arts, which have a long history and are full of distinctive characteristics of farming culture. Because people put it on the window in their daily life customs, it has a beautiful and moving name - "window flower".
Different regions, different agricultural production methods and different social life customs have determined that the window flowers in various places have different and diverse artistic characteristics. Longxi window flower is one of the splendid folk art in Longzhong paper-cutting, because the window system is different, Longxi's window flower has a mountain, a seal, chessboard flower, full grid flower and other different types of formats.
11
Longxi Taoism
Longxi Taoism is a new rhyme derived from Taoist singing, it uses fishing drums, simple board accompaniment, the ancient tune of the ancient song is integrated in the natural and harmonious melody, the singing mode is free and easy, the singing tone is mixed and beautiful, reflecting the colorful cultural life on the loess of Longzhong.
The characteristic musical instruments of the Taoist performance include Longhu, suona, fishing drum, and water bangzi, and the performance incorporates the beauty of shadow puppet sideways, and the stage art draws on shadow puppet hollowing, painting, decoration techniques and Danjiao updo dovetail headdress, etc., to form a unique style. In 2008, Longxi Daoqing was included in the list of intangible cultural heritage inheritance and protection of Dingxi City.
In order to further expand the inheritance and development of Longxi African material culture, Longxi County has established 6 learning centers such as Yunyang board, Longxi folk songs, Longxi bacon, "Indiping Daqu", "Qinmo Pavilion" calligraphy and painting framing skills and Longxi banquet style, and established embroidery poverty alleviation workshops and "Baicao Dyeing Museum", forming intangible cultural heritage resources based on Longxi Yunyang board, Longxi bacon, "Indiping Daqu" brewing and production skills, Astragalus Party participation in production skills, and Baicao dyeing. Cultivate 4 representative inheritors of Yunyang board and 3 representative inheritors of Longxi bacon making skills.
At present, the county has a total of 6 representative inheritance groups of intangible cultural heritage projects, 72 representative inheritors, and more than 130 people have organized and carried out embroidery and baicao tie-dyeing technology training.
Text: Liu Wen
Image: Web Synthesis
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