On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Huangpu Military Academy and the 40th anniversary of the founding of the Huangpu Military Academy Alumni Association, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, President of the People's Republic of China, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, sent a congratulatory letter to express warm congratulations to the Huangpu Military Academy Alumni Association on behalf of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and extended sincere greetings to the Huangpu students and their relatives at home and abroad.
Whampoa Military Academy (source: "A Hundred Years of Looking Back and Passing on the Torch" Sun Yat-sen and the Whampoa Military Academy - Screenshot of the warm-up video of the seminar to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Whampoa Military Academy, provided by Unity Daily)
One hundred years ago, the Whampoa Military Academy was born in the storm of the National Revolution. It is a new-style military academy founded by Dr. Sun Yat-sen, with Soviet Red Army generals as military advisers and many Communist Party positions in important positions.
In 1924, Sun Yat-sen pointed out the purpose of the military academy in his speech at the opening ceremony of the Whampoa Military Academy: the only hope is to "create a revolutionary army to save China from peril". A couplet was posted on the door of the military academy: "Please go elsewhere for promotion and fortune, don't enter the gate if you are greedy for life and fear of death!" and the banner read: "Revolutionaries are coming."
At the opening ceremony of the first phase of the Whampoa Military Academy, Liao Zhongkai, Chiang Kai-shek, Sun Yat-sen, and Soong Qingling were on the rostrum from left to right
At that time, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party joined hands and a large number of enthusiastic young people gathered here. Many of these people, especially in the first to sixth periods of the Great Revolution, became the pillars of the country and the backbone of the nation. In the turbulent years, they held high the general interests of the nation and closely linked their own destiny with the honor and disgrace of the country.
"Always strive for the glory of the Communist Party"
On April 7, 1960, Beijing Minzu Hotel ushered in a group of special guests, and someone sang the Whampoa school song during the banquet, and everyone immediately echoed it. It turned out that Chen Geng, vice minister of national defense, had a banquet for his fellow students in Huangpu, and Du Yuming, Song Xilian, Wang Yaowu, Zheng Tingji, Zhou Zhenqiang, Yang Botao, and others, who had been granted amnesty after completing the reform a few months ago, gathered together. At the beginning of the banquet, Chen Geng did not regard himself as a winner, and said:
"We were united from the Whampoa Military Academy to the Great Revolution, and because the revolutionary situation developed in depth, we were divided into two completely different paths. Since then, everyone has gone their own way, and even the brothers have fought for decades. It's hard to get back and forth, and now it's finally back together. ”
A few simple opening remarks deeply moved the people present, and they all pulled their thoughts back to the green years more than 30 years ago.
Chen Geng during the Whampoa period (source: screenshot of the documentary "Legend of Iron Blood")
On June 16, 1924, the Chinese Kuomintang Army Military Academy was officially opened, and the military academy was located on Changzhou Island, Huangpu, an eastern suburb of Guangzhou, so it was commonly known as the "Huangpu Military Academy".
"From today onwards, we must use the students in this school as the foundation to form a revolutionary army. You students are the backbone of the revolutionary army in the future. With such good backbones and a revolutionary army, our revolutionary cause can be successful. Without a good revolutionary army, the Chinese revolution would always have failed. ”
With the help of the Communist Party of China and the Soviet Union, Sun Yat-sen set up a revolutionary military academy as he wished, and his opening speech was meaningful.
On October 21, 1923, Sun Yat-sen, Soong Ching-ling and Soviet representatives took a group photo in front of the meeting room in the Weiyuan Fort in Humen
When he was a teenager, he left his hometown in Xiangxiang to serve in Lu Diping's army, and his height was almost as high as a rifle. In those years, Hunan Province, which was sandwiched between the north and the south, was almost at peace, and witnessing the devastation caused by the warlord melee, Chen Geng was a little disoriented, so he broke away from the army and worked as a clerk in the Hunan Bureau of the Guangdong-Hanzhou Railway, while using his spare time to make up for his studies. At the age of 19, Chen Geng joined the Communist Party, and the introducer was He Shuheng, a representative of the "First Congress".
"At the end of 1923, the party sent me to Shanghai to transfer to Guangdong, and joined the army school run by Cheng Qian."
According to Chen Geng's recollections, when the Whampoa Military Academy was established, he advocated concentrating revolutionary youth to "go to Whampoa." Later, in the Second Eastern Crusade, Chen Geng, as a company commander, was wounded and attacked the city, bravely saving Chiang Kai-shek from danger, which became a good story in the army.
Chen Geng's wife, Fu Ya, once affectionately touched the six scars on his body and listened to her husband tell the stories of those bullets and bullets. In September 1932, in the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet Region against the "encirclement and suppression", Chen Geng, then chief of staff of the Red Fourth Front Army, was wounded in the leg and was unfortunately arrested during treatment in Shanghai.
"He saved your life in the Battle of Dongjiang at the beginning, otherwise you wouldn't be alive today. Now you want to kill him, where is the etiquette and shame you talk about every day! ”
After months in prison, Chen Geng was finally rescued from prison and continued his revolutionary career, and was wounded again in the Battle of Zhiluo Town after the Long March reached northern Shaanxi.
Chen Geng, commander of the Taiyue Column and Taiyue Military Region, addressed the troops
Chen Geng is one of the few high-ranking PLA generals who have the habit of keeping a diary. On September 6, 1937, during the period of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party to resist Japan, he wrote in his diary:
"Today, in order to deal with our common enemy, Japan imperialism, we have formed a united front of the whole nation, and temporarily put it (the red hat) in store for a period and replace it with a white hat with a blue sky and white sun. But we will always be a party army, and the Red Army will always be a Red Army, and no matter what name it wears or what hat it wears, we will always strive for the glory of the Communist Party. ”
"Taihang Haoqi has been passed down through the ages"
On May 25, 1942, in order to cover the breakthrough and transfer of the Eighth Route Army Headquarters, the organs of the Northern Bureau and the masses in the base areas, Zuo Quan, deputy chief of the general staff of the Eighth Route Army, died heroically at the age of 37. He was also the highest-ranking general of the People's Army to die during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. Peng Dehuai once said to Zuo Quan's daughter Zuo Taibei:
"The first shell fired by the enemy is tentative, and the second shell will surely follow, so it is still too late to dodge. But why didn't your dad dodge? You know, at that time, there were countless comrades and horses gathered on the Cross Ridge, and it was impossible for your father to leave his subordinates behind and rush out first. He died in his duty, in his post, in his infinite loyalty to the revolutionary ranks! ”
In March 1905, Zuo Quan was born in a poor peasant family in Liling, Hunan, and lost his father at the age of one and a half, and several elder brothers also died one after another. Therefore, Zuo Quan helped his mother with housework early, collecting firewood and cutting pigweed. At the age of 19, Zuo Quan and more than a dozen classmates went to Guangzhou and were admitted to the Army Martial Arts School founded by Cheng Qian, Minister of Military Affairs of the base camp, which was later merged into the first phase of the Whampoa Military Academy. As we all know, the first phase of Huangpu has the largest number of Hunan students, accounting for nearly 30% of the total number. Is it because Hunan is close to Guangdong? Not exactly. At that time, it was not easy to go from Hunan Province to Guangdong, and you had to go from Changsha to Wuhan first, and then take a boat south through Shanghai. The so-called "no Hunan can not be an army", and Cheng Qian is also from Liling, which is probably an important reason why Hunan students rank among the provinces.
General Zuo Quan's family
In February 1925, Zuo Quan was introduced by his classmate Chen Geng and others and honorably joined the Communist Party of China. In November, he was selected to study in the Soviet Union, and successively entered Sun Yat-sen University and Frunze Military Academy for further study. In the spring of 1930, in order to expand the Red Army and consolidate the revolutionary base areas in the Soviet areas, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China recalled a number of cadres who stayed in the Soviet Union, including Zuo Quan and Liu Bocheng, ahead of schedule. In the revolutionary base area of western Fujian, the 25-year-old Zuo Quan became a young commander of the Red Army; in view of his outstanding performance, he was transferred to the Central Soviet Region not long after, and successively served as the operational staff officer and chief of staff of the Red First Army, the political commissar and commander of the 15th Red Army, the staff officer, deputy director, and director of the Operations Bureau of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, and the chief of staff of the First Red Army. The 2nd to 5th Anti-"Encirclement and Suppression", the 25,000-mile Long March, and the Battle of Mountain Castle...... The Left Power entered the war almost entirely.
Zuo Quan (source: screenshot of the documentary "National Memory")
At the beginning of the all-out War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army, with Ye Jianying as the chief of staff and Zuo Quan as the deputy chief of staff. The troops crossed the Yellow River eastward, and Zuo Quan replied to his uncle with a letter, in which he said,
"The Chinese people's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression is a war of self-defense, and it is bound to last, and only by lasting can we achieve victory in the War of Resistance Against Japan." "I sacrificed all my happiness to fight for my cause, please believe that this road is bright and great, and I am willing to repay you and my mother for their love to me with my successful career."
Zuo Quan's letter to his uncle (Source: National Museum of China)
On September 25, the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army took the Japanese army by surprise at Pingxingguan in Shanxi. Chiang Kai-shek, who was far away in Nanjing, happily replied to Zhu De and Peng Dehuai:
"One day (25th), the battle was like a hemp, which proved that the officers and soldiers used their lives and commanded properly. The good news came from the south, and the good news was deeply gratified, and Shang Xi encouraged the department to continue to work hard, which is to look forward to. ”
Belgium 0.32" SF revolver used by Zuo Quan (Source: Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution)
In the most difficult stage of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Zuo Quan assisted Peng Dehuai in commanding the Battle of the Hundred Regiments and carefully organized the defense of Huangya Cave, and "Peng Zuo" became a cordial synonym for the supreme command organization of the Eighth Route Army. When the bad news of Zuo Quan's death reached Yan'an, Zhu De wrote "Mourning Comrade Zuo Quan" with grief, in which there is a sentence "Taihang Haoqi has been passed down through the ages, leaving Qingzhang to vomit blood flowers" is really moving. On September 18 of the same year, the Liaoxian County Party Committee and the county government of the Communist Party of China held a ceremony to commemorate the 11th anniversary of "918" and the renaming ceremony of Liao County.
"A lifetime of revolution, one heart and one mind"
Zhao Yiman, formerly known as Li Kuntai, has a wealthy family and dares to be "rebellious" since childhood. She rebelled against foot binding, which destroyed women's physical and mental health, and with the support of her eldest brother-in-law, Zheng Youzhi, the founder of the South Sichuan Party Organization of the Communist Party of China, she continued to pursue progress and organize women's groups to bring justice to oppressed female compatriots. Zhao Yiman also actively joined the Communist Youth League and said to Zheng Youzhi:
"I'm too depressed in this family, I want to be like Qiu Jin, go outside and break through, and I can't be bound by this feudal family anymore."
At the age of 21, Zhao Yiman walked for two days to Yibin County, entered a girls' middle school, and soon became an outstanding Communist Party member.
Zhao Yiman (source: screenshot of the documentary "Heroes")
In October 1926, in order to continue the Northern Expedition, the National Revolutionary Army needed to train more military and political talents, especially female military cadres. The Wuhan branch of the Whampoa Military Academy was conceived, and most of the school's affairs were represented by Deng Yanda, a leftist of the Kuomintang and director of the General Political Department, and most of the political instructors and middle- and lower-level military cadres were Communist Party members. The Wuhan branch decided to recruit 100 female students, and Zhao Yiman, with the consent of the Yichang Party and Caucus organization, resolutely put pen to paper. Driven by revolutionary ideas, the number of women who applied for the examination at that time exceeded expectations, and 183 students were initially admitted, and then 30 female students from the Hunan School Corps were merged, bringing the total number to 213. This is the first batch of female cadets in the history of the Whampoa Military Academy, and it is listed as the sixth batch.
The first KMT-CCP cooperation failed, and Zhao Yiman went to Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow to explore the revolutionary truth. In the autumn of the following year, he was prepared to return to China according to the organization's arrangement. At this time, Zhao Yiman was pregnant, and when she was leaving, her husband Chen Dabang suggested that it was not too late to give birth to a child, but Zhao Yiman disagreed, "The party's decision cannot be bargained." Chen Dabang instead proposed to return to China together, but "she thinks that the separation of husband and wife is a small matter, and the task of studying is important, so she advises her husband not to think about it." Pregnant, Zhao Yiman was first ordered to set up a secret traffic station in Yichang, and then went to Shanghai, Nanchang and other places to engage in intelligence work. After the September 18 Incident, the Northeast was lost, and in order to strengthen its leadership over the anti-Japanese struggle in the black soil, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to send a group of capable cadres to the north. In Shenyang, Harbin and other places, Zhao Yiman led the trade union organizations to skillfully maneuver with the enemy and hypocrisy, and often carried out anti-Japanese propaganda activities among the workers of cigarette factories and tram factories.
After the September 18 Incident, the anti-Japanese armed forces formed by patriotic people and soldiers in Northeast China
In April 1934, due to the betrayal of traitors, the party organization in Harbin was seriously damaged, and He Chengxiang, head of the Organization Department of the Manchuria Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, began to evacuate and hide. Zhao Yiman said:
"After I arrived here in Tohoku, I thoroughly understood the jackal nature of the Japan invaders. I decided to go to the guerrilla zone, drive the Japan invaders out of China with the barrel of a gun, and ask the party organization to consider my application! ”
He Chengxiang was a little worried, thinking that the guerrilla zone should not talk about fighting, even the usual conditions were very difficult, and he was afraid that Zhao Yiman's body would not be able to bear it. Zhao Yiman is resolute:
"I have studied military affairs, and now is the time to use it to serve the motherland, as for my body, please rest assured that the organization can persevere!"
Group photo of Zhao Yiman and his son (file photo)
In the autumn of 1935, Zhao Yiman concurrently served as the political commissar of the Second Regiment of the First Division of the Third Army of the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army, and the local people affectionately called her "Thin Li" and "Sister Li". In mid-November, more than 150 soldiers of the Second Regiment fought hard in Chunqiuling, Zhuhe County, and fell into the encirclement of the Japanese puppet army. On the 22nd, Zhao Yiman and his last few soldiers held on to a private house in the northwest of the Xiaoliangzhu River, and were wounded by bullets in the left arm and left foot, but still resisted stubbornly until the ammunition ran out of food. On August 2, 1936, Zhao Yiman bravely took justice.
Before Zhao Yiman's death, a soldier once asked: "Why are you called Zhao Yiman?" She replied:
"I like the word 'one', so I give myself a name with the word 'one', one super, one man, which means a lifetime of revolution, single-mindedness, consistent to the end, and never change......"
"Known for his humility among Chinese generals"
In the spring of 1924, Zheng Dongguo, who was in his early 20s, disregarded the dissuasion of his family and went from Shimen, Hunan to Guangzhou to take the first phase of the Whampoa Military Academy. In the first eastward expedition of the Huangpu school army, Zheng Dongguo signed up for the brave team, climbed the escalator with one hand, and waved the shell gun with the other hand to fight back at the enemy again and again, and successfully jumped to the head of the enemy's defense. Zhou Enlai, director of the Political Department, admired Zheng Dongguo very much, and appointed him to manage the Chaozhou Field Hospital in the later part of the Second Eastern Crusade, and recommended him as a lieutenant colonel and battalion commander, and Zheng Dongguo successfully stepped into the ranks of middle-level officers. Later, in the Liaoshen Battle of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, Zheng Dongguo was trapped in Changchun, and Mao Zedong called the front in the name of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China:
"According to Enlai, the people of Zhengdong are still honest, and it is possible to fight for their uprising under the current circumstances, which will have a great impact on the entire Huangpu army."
Zheng Dongguo (source: screenshot of the documentary "The End of the World" at this time)
Back in March 1933, when the Japan Kwantung Army advanced to the mouths of the Great Wall, Zheng Dongguo, the commander of the Fourth Brigade of the Second Division, was ordered to go north and became one of the first Whampoa young generals to participate in the anti-Japanese resistance. When the situation was urgent, Zheng Dongguo didn't care about his safety, took off his heavy cotton uniform, and went to the forefront to supervise the battle. However, the sacrifices of countless soldiers were finally exchanged for a paper compromise, the "Tanggu Agreement" and the "Hemei Agreement...... He Yingqin, the head of the military and political affairs in Beiping, succumbed to Japanese pressure and agreed to the withdrawal of the Central Army and the Northeast Army of the Nationalist Government from the entire territory of Hebei. On the day of bidding farewell to the ancient capital, Zheng Dongguo and all the patriotic officers and soldiers were sad, but they were firm in their beliefs and encouraged each other that "we will definitely come back."
At the beginning of the all-out War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Zheng Dongguo was promoted to lieutenant general and division commander, "because the division had participated in the Great Wall War of Resistance and had certain experience in fighting against Japan, and under the influence of the nationwide anti-Japanese upsurge, the officers and soldiers had hatred for the Japanese invaders, so their morale was high." The 2nd Division moved to the northern section of the Pinghan Railway, holding Baoding alone, delaying the pace of the Japanese attack; The battle of Taierzhuang, the attack on Zaozhuang and the siege of Yi County, the execution of orders was never discounted. In the middle of the Anti-Japanese War, the new 11th Army, the first mechanized army of the Nationalist Government, was formed, and Zheng Dongguo was transferred to the honorary commander of the 1st Division to assist Deputy Army Commander Du Yuming in strengthening military training. The newly formed 11th Army was renamed the Fifth Army, Du Yuming was promoted, and Zheng Dongguo was promoted to deputy army commander and division commander. In the winter of 1939, the Japanese army landed in Qinzhou Bay, easily captured the key passes of Nanning and Kunlun Pass, and the Fifth Army rushed to the aid of the anti-Japanese battlefield in southern Guizhou, killing the commander of the Japanese brigade, Nakamura Masao.
Students attending classes at the Whampoa Military Academy
The Chinese Expeditionary Force failed to enter Burma and partially retreated into India, and Stilwell, commander of the US forces in the China-Burma-India Theater, advocated "soldiers not officers" and tried to drastically reform the structure of the Chinese army in India. Chiang Kai-shek, of course, could not accept it, and decided to set up a new First Army, and the candidate for the commander was none other than Zheng Dongguo:
"It will be difficult for you to go there, it is not easy to deal with foreigners, but the war of resistance needs the help of allies, and someone must take on this heavy responsibility, I have repeatedly thought about it, and it is most appropriate for you to go."
In the summer and autumn of 1944, he was promoted to deputy commander-in-chief of the Chinese army in India, and formulated the correct operational policy of "digging trenches to advance, dividing and encircling, and annihilating one by one," thus ensuring the final victory of the Shina campaign. The famous historian Huang Renyu, who served as an adjutant in the Indian army, firmly believed that Zheng Dongguo's strength "lies in his tenacity, and he is known for his humility among Chinese generals."
"Zheng Dongguo arrives at Harbin Station" (September 1948, photo by Zheng Jingkang), this work was published in the Northeast Pictorial (source: Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution)
In June 1984, the Whampoa Military Academy Alumni Association was established in Beijing, and Vice President Zheng Dongguo sincerely appealed to Chinese Taiwan and overseas alumni to:
"Revisit the teachings of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, face up to history and reality, inherit and carry forward the true spirit of Whampoa, make new contributions to the realization of the great cause of the reunification of the motherland and the grand plan of jointly building and rejuvenating China, and also write the last and most glorious chapter in my life."
Although he once belonged to different camps of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, Zheng Dongguo never forgot the unification of China in his later years, and he said to his eldest grandson Zheng Jianbang earnestly:
"I have no regrets about state affairs and family affairs now, but it is a pity that I have not seen the reunification of the motherland. Once the country is unified, the national revolution will be considered a complete success! ”
"The righteousness is well-known, and the sea is the same as Qin"
Hearing that Cheng Qian, the military minister of the Guangzhou base camp, was going to run a military academy, Chen Mingren, a young man from Liling, Hunan, went to Yangcheng, first entered the army martial arts school, and later merged into the first phase of the Huangpu Military Academy. Chen Mingren was in Chiang Kai-shek's camp to lieutenant general, because his personality was too upright, and he encountered "flying disasters" several times, which did not affect his career.
Chen Mingren (source: screenshot of the documentary "Classic Legend")
It is said that in the middle and late stages of the Anti-Japanese War, Chen Mingren served as the commander of the second reserve division, and the garrison near Kunming, Yunnan, refused to accept Chiang Kai-shek's criticism of the tattered clothing of the officers and soldiers of the station, and protested that "the quality of the clothes is too poor, and a cotton coat is required to be worn for two years, but in fact it cannot be worn for a season." Last winter, only forty percent of us were given new cotton clothes, so the soldiers' clothes were naturally very bad." even lost control of his emotions and tore off the collar badge symbol on the spot, threatening that "this lieutenant general is not appropriate".
On March 1, 1942, Chiang Kai-shek made an appointment to meet Chen Mingren and wanted to ask carefully about the cause of the tattered clothing, but unfortunately, the headquarters of the 11th Group Army was never able to get through to the second reserve division. The next day, Chen Mingren learned of the incident and secretly complained in his heart:
"The headquarters was negligent in not getting the phone through and not sending a car to answer it, which will undoubtedly cause the anger of the commission."
Chairman Mao met with Chen Mingren
On the 3rd, Chen Mingren received an order to be transferred to the deputy commander of the 71st Army, and he couldn't help but feel a lot of emotion:
"I have worked hard for five years, and all of them are above other troops, and the benefits cannot be known to Shangfeng. This time, the difference between the two Tsubaki has nothing to do with Yu, and the clothing is only forty percent, of course, tattered. The same is true for other troops, not only in this division. Failure to summon is a sign of negligence on the part of the headquarters. Life is like this, what can the husband say. ”
Chiang Kai-shek decided to give the students another chance to explain, but on the afternoon of the 4th, Chen Mingren was "very presumptuous and unscrupulous, and because of this, he became angry and ordered the military police to detain him and go to Chongqing." Compared with Chen Mingren's diary, the content is more detailed:
At half past three o'clock, he caused the commission to be furious without saying a few words. Yu also thought that this matter was too wronged and suffered from false words, indicating that the clothes were tattered and Yu could not be responsible. At that time, his attitude and rhetoric were inevitably excessive, and he was taken into custody and ordered to be sent to Chongqing tomorrow by the 13th Military Police Regiment. The rest is innocent, and the heart is very calm. The attendants advised Yu to rest there for the time being, waiting for an opportunity, and once his anger had calmed down, it could be reversed. ”
Chiang Kai-shek and Chen Mingren
Thanks to the intercession of the first phase of Whampoa, Guan Linzheng, commander-in-chief of the Ninth Group Army, and Song Xilian, commander-in-chief of the Eleventh Group Army, Chiang Kai-shek gradually calmed down and promised not to pursue it again.
In the autumn of 1944, the 71st Army participated in the counteroffensive in western Yunnan, and Chen Mingren acted as the commander of the army, and conquered Wan Town and Huilongshan in one fell swoop.
"Today's victory has won great face, and the officers and men are very happy to be able to use their lives."
In August 1949, Chen Mingren complied with the current situation and led his troops to revolt in Hunan, which Mao Zedong praised as "a great righteousness, and Bohai Tongqin". In the 50s of the 20th century, when the Chinese People's Liberation Army abolished the corps system, Mao Zedong suggested that Chen Mingren take up a post in the large military region and enjoy the treatment of a deputy region.
"The Eagle of Whampoa, the Hero of the Nation"
On April 1, 1943, the Nationalist Government held a national memorial meeting for Commander Dai Anlan, who died on the front line of resistance against Japan in Burma.
"Foreign insults need to be guarded, and the general is endowed with Caiwei. The division is called mechanized, and it is brave to win the tiger's might. Bloody East melon guards, drives away the auspicious return. The battlefield was killed, and the ambition was not violated. ”
Dianlan
Zhou Enlai's elegy "The Hero of Huangpu, the Hero of the Nation" fully affirmed Dai Anlan's glorious life of carrying forward the spirit of Huangpu and fighting for the survival of the country and the nation.
Dai Anlan Seagull, Anhui Wuwei, graduated from the third phase of the Whampoa Military Academy, and the 200th Division was the only mechanized division of the National Government Army at the earliest. Under the command of Du Yuming of the Fifth Army, Zheng Dongguo once got along with Dai Anlan day and night, although Dai was a soldier, he loved literary writing, Zheng said of Dai in his later years:
"I was very impressed by his sassy demeanor and fearless personality."
What is little known is that as a general of the Central Army, Dai Anlan recognized the shortcomings of the Kuomintang frontal battlefield earlier, according to Lu Yi, director of the interview department of Xinhua Daily, in the second year of the all-out war of resistance, Dai Anlan said to him:
"There are still some people in the Kuomintang who are afraid of mobilizing the people, and this time we were transferred to fight outside Wuhan, the common people in the battlefield actually fled, and it was difficult to even find a guide, and this can only be found from the political reasons. In order to strive for the final victory, we must persist in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and unity, and in the future, we must build after victory, and we still need the cooperation of the KMT and the Communist Party to build the country democratically. ”
The "Donggua" (also translated as Tonggu, Tonggu) and "Tangji" mentioned in the elegy are all Burmese place names. In February 1942, when Rangoon, the capital of Burma, was in danger, and the Chinese Expeditionary Force was ordered to enter Burma to aid the British, Chiang Kai-shek asked the 200th Division to occupy positions in the Pingmanna and Tonggu areas to cover the concentration of the main forces of the Fifth Army. At dawn on 19 March, Japanese troops heading north from Rangoon reached the Pew River south of Tonggu. Dai Anlan knew that a vicious war was inevitable, so he convened a meeting of officers above the battalion commander level, took the lead in announcing the replacement after the death, and at the same time wrote to his wife He Xin:
"Yu was ordered to stick to Tonggu this time, because the plan above is undecided, the contact with the rear is too far, and the enemy moves quickly, and now he is fighting alone, and he will sacrifice all his life to repay the country's upbringing!"
After fierce fighting until the 28th, the 200th Division still effectively controlled the position. The next day, Du Yuming believed that the strategy had been achieved, and ordered Dai Anlan to lead his troops to transfer, and the Battle of Tonggu was hailed as the "longest-lasting defensive operation" on the Allied Burma battlefield.
The orientation instrument used by Dai Anlan, commander of the 200th Division of the Chinese Expeditionary Force, during the anti-Japanese period (Source: Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution)
The British side has repeatedly delayed the entry of Chinese troops into Burma, and the Chinese high-level command system has been chaotic, resulting in the Sino-British coalition forces never being able to seize the initiative on the battlefield. In mid-April, the Japanese 56th Division outflanked Lashio, the starting point of the Yunnan-Burma Highway, and the commander-in-chief of the Chinese Expeditionary Force, Stilwell, and the commander Luo Zhuoying, agreed that half of the troops directly under the Fifth Army and the 200th Division should turn around and attack Tangji in an attempt to block the enemy on the eastern front. On the 25th, Tang Ji won the victory, according to the intention of Chiang Kai-shek and Lin Wei, director of the General Staff Committee, Du Yuming and Dai Anlan should continue to attack Relem and "cut off the enemy's rear road to relieve the siege of Lashio". Stilwell felt that the 200th Division alone carried out the task of eastward advance, and strictly ordered the troops directly under the Fifth Army to return to the center. Unexpectedly, the Japanese army concentrated hundreds of vehicles and drove wildly all the way, and the 200th Division, which was damaged in combat strength, acted conservatively and failed to play a positive role. On the 29th, Lashio fell, and the main route for the return of the Chinese expeditionary force was cut off.
Du Yuming was unwilling to follow Stilwell into India, and planned to rush through the important town of Shina in northern Burma and withdraw to Tengchong in western Yunnan. On May 18, when the 200th Division was crossing the Xibu and Mogok roads, it was ambushed by the Japanese army, and Dai Anlan was shot and seriously wounded. On the 26th, the breakthrough team marched to Maobang Village in northern Myanmar, Dai Anlan unfortunately died of serious injuries, and the 200th Division went through hardships and returned to China with only more than 2,600 remainers. In September 1956, the Ministry of the Interior of the People's Republic of China (abolished in 1969. The corresponding department is the Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People's Republic of China) posthumously recognized Dai Anlan as a revolutionary martyr.
The United States Department of War awarded the Legion Medal of Merit and the Certificate of Honor for Military Merit to Dai Anyuan, commander of the 200th Division of the Chinese Expeditionary Force (Source: Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution)
Some of them became famous generals of the Red Army of the Communist Party of China, and some became heroes of the National Army who resisted the Japanese invaders, and made contributions to the independence and liberation of the Chinese nation on different fronts and at different historical moments, forming the Huangpu spirit of "patriotism and revolution". Now, the cultural spirit left by Huangpu over the past century can still inspire future generations to forge ahead, stimulate the historical memory and cultural identity of compatriots on both sides of the strait, and gather the majestic force of the Chinese people at home and abroad to promote the peaceful reunification of the motherland and jointly build the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
Bibliography:
Fu Ya: "The Pictorial Biography of General Chen Geng", People's Liberation Army Publishing House, 2013 edition.
Chen Geng: Chen Geng's Diary, People's Publishing House, 2013.
Hu Zhaocai: "Taihang Heroes Left Quan", Nanjing Publishing House, 2016 edition.
Zuo Taibei: "Zuo Quan's Family Book", Communist Party History Publishing House, 2014 edition.