Text, Editor/Mumu
Ancient poetry is a great treasure of Chinese culture. Through poetry and literary works, we can travel through the long river of history, understand the social background of the time, and experience the author's state of mind.
The more I learned, the more amazing I felt, how did the ancient poets write so many beautiful works? Let's open up their emotional world and find out.
To understand a poet, start with the basics of poetry
Familiar with the rhythm of poetry is a poet's necessary basic skills, from an early age to be familiar with and recite a variety of rhymes and battles, but also to recite a large number of predecessors of the poems, in the rich cultural atmosphere flexible use of the pronunciation of words, skillfully according to the requirements of the arrangement and combination.
Therefore, the process of writing poetry is roughly to sing first and cut it, then express it naturally, and then have a strict rhythm. Finally, it is related to personal experience and understanding of life.
As for the writing of poetry, some poems are written in one go, such as Han Yu's "Mountains and Stones"; Some poems have undergone a long period of contemplation; Some poems are "combinations" of preconceived verses.
Before encountering the occasion of improvising poetry, the poet already has some pre-conceived verses (or allusions) in his mind, and when he needs to compose poems on the spot, he can harmoniously and skillfully cut and combine them into the poem, so as to complete the "impromptu work" with ease.
Poets also cut other people's poems in their works, or use certain allusions (or imagery) many times. Some of the poems or ideas in the completed work will also be reused by the person.
Writing poetry is never an easy task, and most of the subtle words and phrases that we see poets improvised have also been precipitated for a long time.
In order to study these poems, Professor Chen of Fudan University has devoted more than 40 years to Tang poetry, edited almost all well-known Tang poems, and even collected many Tang poems that have not yet been published.
Because of this, she is regarded as the person who has seen the most Tang poems, and she humbly serves as a "Tang Dynasty household registration policeman". He once said that we regard poets as geniuses, and we all put a lot of effort behind writing poems, but we can't see some of them.
We learn poetry from elementary school and understand the meaning behind it. It can be seen that the ancients wrote poems according to the artistic conception and mood of the moment, and used the most appropriate and expressive words to express their meanings.
"One word of Yin'an, twist a few stems and whiskers", "Two sentences and three years, one chant and two tears"; Another example is Du Xunhe's "Life should not be born, and death should not be groaning". After Cao Xueqin wrote "Dream of Red Mansions", she said: "After reading it for ten years, I added and deleted it five times."
Even Li Bai, who is known as a genius poet, has to imitate good poems to write them, and they have to be brewed for a long time and polished repeatedly. Not all of their poems come out of their mouths.
And Du Fu is the same, he can become a poet, in addition to his great feelings of worrying about the country and the people, and his depressed and frustrated poetry style, the accuracy and vividness of words refining words is also an important factor for him to be famous all over the world.
Du Fu attaches great importance to the tempering of language, so his poetic language is vivid and vivid, and he expresses poetry and themes powerfully. For example, in "Ascending", he uses the autumn scenery of "boundless falling trees and Xiao Xiaoxiao, and endless Yangtze River rolling" to express the depression and sadness of the wanderers and the pain of illness and old age.
Among the many ancient texts that write about autumn sorrow, the most concentrated, the longest and the most subtle one is Ouyang Xiu's "Autumn Sound Fu".
The poet not only wrote about the autumn sound and autumn sorrow of "the beginning of the river is sluggish, suddenly rushing and slamming, like waves and night terrors, and the wind and rain are coming", but more pen and ink still express "the grass and trees are ruthless, sometimes drifting." Man is an animal, but the soul of things" and other positive emotions, warning people not to "hate autumn" (that is, worry about autumn).
Ancient poets love plants and trees
Ancient poets not only used plants and trees in their poems, but also took pride in sowing greenery. The poet Du Fu came to Chengdu Thatched Cottage, that is, the book county order: "Begging for a hundred peach trees, before spring to send Huanhua Village." ”
When he asked his friend for alder saplings, Shiyun: "There is no forest in the west of the grass hall, and who will see the heart again." It is full of alder wood that is three years old, and ten acres of shade by the river. ”
Bai Juyi planted mangosteen and wild flowers in the Yiai Temple: "Five frames and three new grass halls, stone steps, laurel pillars and bamboo walls. ”
As the governor of Guizhou, he led the crowd to plant trees: "Buy flowers and trees with money and plant them on the eastern slope of the city." Ginseng hybrid, thousands of branches opened. It is full of alder wood that is three years old, and ten acres of shade by the river. ”
Bai Juyi planted mangosteen and wild flowers in the Yiai Temple: "Five frames and three new grass halls, stone steps, laurel pillars and bamboo walls. As the assassin of Guizhou, the first thing to lead the people to plant trees: "Take the money to buy flowers and trees, and plant them on the eastern slope of the city." Ginseng hybrid, thousands of branches opened. ”
When it comes to plants and trees, bamboo is one of the most elegant plants and trees. Once I was in the Hunan Botanical Garden, I was delighted to see a lot of bamboo, and I was amazed by their style and name.
Planting trees and bamboos, in the garden, in a corner, in front of the leaky window, in just a few years, it brings the sound of the wind, contains the meaning of Xiaoxiao rain, and contains the infinite imagination of the ink space.
Bamboo is the most Chinese plant and has great uses. In ancient times, it was used to make a pen holder, used to engrave words, and it would sweat when baked, so the history books were also called sweat green. You can build bamboo buildings, make rafts, make furniture, and so on.
The pens and hats made of bamboo add a touch of elegant charm, which is deeply loved by literati and artists, and they are often accompanied at any time when they go out or at home.
Of course, there is also the bamboo mat, which is considered elegant because of the Song Dynasty poet Li Qingzhao's "red lotus fragrance remnant jade autumn", even if it has been skillfully woven from bamboo into a mat, it is still qualified to act as a messenger of the festival like the lotus.
In the mainland, many places plant trees and flowers, with different customs of plants and trees, which also shows their simple hearts of plants and trees. For example, Wuyuan, Jiangxi, still retains the custom of "adding children must plant trees".
Regardless of the family, whether it is a boy or a girl, within three days of birth, you must go to one place to plant several trees, and after 20 years, the child will grow up and become a pillar of talent.
If it is a son, when marrying a daughter-in-law, he can use his tree to make furniture; If it is a daughter, the tree can be used as a dowry. Plants and trees have emotions, and it can "echo emotionally".
"Strange Tales from Liaozhai" contains: A girl loves the orange tree in front of the house like a drunk, this tree is also green and leafy every year, and then the girl moved out with her father, hugged the tree and cried before leaving, and then the orange tree almost died.
Unexpectedly, more than ten years later, her daughter followed her husband to another place to take up her post, passing by the former residence on the way. Recalling her childhood, she couldn't help but pounce on the tree, and it miraculously rejuvenated.
The same is true for plants and trees, human beings should think deeply, and now scientists are calling for saving the ecological environment on the earth, first of all, to save the forests on the earth.
Open the door to the poet's emotional world
"The Range Rover of the Poetry Garden of the Tang Dynasty" is a book that people can't put down, the author's perspective and style of interpreting poetry opens the door to a new world for readers, and it turns out that poetry introductions can also be written so wonderfully.
As the preface to this book reads: "Enjoy the joy of understanding the 'poetic life', and you can also save the effort of reviewing ancient books." ”
Just like the author's interpretation of Tao Yuanming's "Drinking", it is not a translation of poems, nor an introduction of writing techniques, but first uses the brushstrokes of scattered culture to tell Tao Yuanming's life of love chrysanthemum drinking, so that you seem to be immersive, seeing Tao Yuanming picking chrysanthemums with morning dew in the garden in the morning, and hearing his lamentation: "Even when I came here, I had no money to buy wine, and the empty cup was full of dust." ”
From this, the author leads to the anecdote of his friend Yan Yanzhi picking a load of good wine and drinking with the public. The two gossiped, drank at the same time, and enjoyed chrysanthemums at the same time.
At this time, Tao Yuanming's unhappiness of having chrysanthemum without wine in the early morning had already released his glass, listening to Yan Yanzhi's desire to use wine to wash away the blockages and earthly troubles in his heart, looking back at his choice, it was so correct to return to the countryside and break free from the cage.
It is not difficult to understand why he wrote "The knot is in the human realm, and there is no noise of cars and horses." Ask you how you can be, and your heart is far away from yourself". The author's simple story not only makes people remember the reason why Tao Yuanming created "Drinking", but also makes people understand the author's intention of quoting "Zhao Yu Zhan Yan": "People have a sense of prosperity, and if they want to send them, they must have famous sayings." ”
It also makes people deeply admire Tao Yuanming for excavating the beauty of life from ordinary farm life and pastoral scenes, and creating an ideal realm of natural harmony and self-enjoyment.
Of course, the author is not limited to the introduction of the poet's life, but also reveals the connotation and value of the poem by quoting the evaluation of later literati.
As far as "Drinking" is concerned, it cites the wonderful poetry reviews of literati and scholars of different eras, such as Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Shen Deqian, Xiao Tong, Bai Juyi, etc., such as Shen Deqian's evaluation of this poem: "The chest has vitality, it flows out naturally, and the slightest trace is lost."
These poets seem to have become everyone's teachers, and reading their incisive and profound insights makes people have a deeper understanding and love for the true interest and poetry of Tao Yuanming's poetry.
In short, this is a good book for appreciating ancient poems that combines classical poetry, allusions and legends. It broadened Ren's horizons and made people really understand that behind the famous and thousand-year-old famous articles such as "No Clothes" in the "Book of Songs", Liu Bang's "Song of the Great Wind", Cao Cao's "Watching the Sea", etc., there are such beautiful and moving stories and interesting stories.
Epilogue:
Reading the ancient poems, I feel a little amazed in my heart, and if you follow the actual tour of the location indicated in the poem, it will be another surprise. The poet's joys, sorrows, and sorrows are integrated into the poems, and they place their feelings on the scenery, and use the scenery to express their lyricism, and the words and footprints are skillfully combined, all of which are enjoyment and progress.