Calling for the original "cradle of knowledge" in unison: how to read the name of the country of "mention" (revised draft)

Shaanxi Xi'an Scholars Calling for the Original "Cradle of Knowledge" Series: The pronunciation of surnames, country names, and place names of "mention" is too messy (revised draft)

The surname of Ti · Ti Xing · Ti Qiao· Ti Xi · Bai Yangti · · Ti Tong Guo Ti 1.tí. 1) Meaning. (1) pointed; Examples: Questions, reminders. (2) help; Support: promotion, promotion (promotion; care), aid (rescue; liberation). (3) seizure; The two armpits lift the person: lifting, coercing. (4) arraignment; Refers to the extraction of prisoners: arraignment (arrest), arraignment. (5) Move up: raise, basket, refresh, lift, outline. (6) Advance of the scheduled time: early, early. (7) Scoop oil, wine and other utensils vertically upward: oil extraction, wine extraction, and grapes. (8) Pots, baskets, etc.: partial lifting (drinking wine), furnaces, beams, handles. (9) Quantifiers: one mention of gold, one mention of silver; "Hanshu · Food and Goods Chronicles" Zhu Tiyin, weighing eight taels is first-class. (10) Official name: Ti Dian (official affairs related to criminal prisons in the Song Dynasty), Ti Du (officials stationed in Beijing), Ti Fa Envoy (the highest provincial judicial official in the late Qing Dynasty), Ti Ju (Song Dynasty management officials), Ti Jiao (the chief of Ti Prison within the Criminal Department of the Ming and Qing Dynasties), Ti Jie (that is, Ti Dian Prison Affairs), Ti Xue (Song Dynasty education officials) (11) Seti, star name. "Historical Records· Book of Heavenly Officials": "A. There are 3 stars on each side of the big horn. The sentence of the full sentence is said to be mentions. B. Carrier). (12) Bodhi (Sanskrit. Juhua Yan is righteous), Zhaoti (where Futu lives; Sanskrit proverbs are extravagant. Chinese "Sifang Creatures" also).

2) Last name. (1) Single surname. Qing Qian Daxin put forward the theory that "there is no upper tongue sound in ancient times", and believed that the word "mention" is pronounced as a surname when it is pronounced. Sun Yizhao published an article in Liyuan Weekly (No. 49, 1999) entitled "Also Talking about the Pronunciation of the Character 'Ti'", saying that "Liu Qi, a researcher at the Tianjin Art Research Institute, said that the pronunciation of 'shi' is specious", and that "the pronunciation of 'chi' in the Great Chinese Dictionary is wrong, and 'ti' should be pronounced." "In the film "Zhao's Orphan", there is a plot of the strong man Ti Mi Ming who was killed by a soldier. In the play, people say "Timimin" as "Tí Miming" many times. Origin: A. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Jin Dynasty surnamed Ji had a warrior Timiming, and his descendants took his name as his name. B. originated from the Xiongnu people, during the Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu people (see the compound surname below) Dachuan Yu Maodun, and his descendants changed their surnames to Sinicization. C. In the Han Dynasty, Xianglin County, Gongcao District, Lian's son of the district Kui, its Han surname Yihua and Sinicization changed the surname to a name. D. During the Han Dynasty, Zhuti County (now belonging to Qianwei, Sichuan), the local people named it after Juyi. Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province (Tilou Village, Taierzhuang District), Dingtao (county seat Hetianji, Liuzhuang Village), Langfang, Hebei Province (Dazao Linzhuang, Beiwang Township), now there are people with this surname to live. Celebrities include: the ancestor of the Cangzhou Ti clan, originally from Yangzhou Mansion Yizhenwei Tixing; Hebei Hejian people, Ming Dynasty Jinshi, criminal department Lang Tiqiao. (2) Compound surname: A. In the Peony Evening News (May 14, 2010), Shuya wrote in an article entitled "The Surname "Ti" Often Called Wrongly: "Sima Qian once said that the Huns had names but no surnames, and in the historical book "Hanshu · Xiongnu Biography", he said, 'Shan Yu's surname is the royal surname of the ancient Xiongnu. The original non-Xiongnu surname should be the name of the tribe or clan, and later imitated the Han system, so the name of the tribe was the clan'. B. "Tongzhi · Clan Five": "Later Wei had Baiyang Tidu Khan. "C. [Qing] Chen Menglei's "Minglun Compilation • Clan Dictionary" contains the compound surname "Tixi". Note: The single surname and compound surname of the word "Ti" are pronounced as "Xianhan" (Cihai), which is mostly inconsistent with the existing "Ti" surname.

3) the name of the country; Toponym. Ti Tong Country: The ancient name of the country is located in the northwest of the mouth of the India River (in the area of present-day Karachi, Pakistan). Bangladesh has the Teesta River.

2.Chí。 Surname: "Guangyun": "Ti, is a branch cut, flat branch Zen, branch, the corresponding sound is "'chi'." The Great Chinese Dictionary (Hubei Lexicographical Publishing House, Sichuan Lexicographical Publishing House, 1st edition, December 1992) also says so. Liu Xinyang's "Drama and Film Newspaper · Liyuan Weekly" (No. 21 and 34, 2018) published an article "The <赵氏孤儿>pronunciation of the word "Ti" in the play "Re-talk and Waiting": "When the character 'Ti' is used as a surname, it should be read 'chi'. ”

3. dī (1 sound). "Tang Rhyme" and "Zheng Rhyme": "Du Xiche." "Collection of Rhymes", "Rhyme Meeting", "Positive Rhyme": "The big plan is cut, and the sound is first." "1) Meaning. (1) Beware: Be careful. (2) Tiyo [dialects are: Tiyo (bald) Dulu; Slip]. 2) Last name. The above-mentioned "Peony Evening News" article said: "Timan, a salesman of a milk powder company in Heze City, said: 'My family lives in Dingtao County...... Actually, my last name is pronounced dī, not 'tí'. …… I heard from the elders that in some places in Shandong, such as Tilou Village, Taierzhuang District, Zaozhuang City, and Tijia Village, Yantai City, there are people with our surnames, and some people with surnames in Hebei and Northeast China are also immigrants with surnames in Shandong.

4. dí (3 tones). Throwing. "Hanshu · Wu Wang Biography" Shi Gu said: "Ti, throw also." "Warring States Policy": "The crown prince led the Bo Bureau to mention Prince Wu and killed him." "Warring States Policy": "Jing Ke is abolished, but he is leading his dagger to the king of Qin". "Hanshu · handed down by Wang Mang": "Draw the sword and put it forward on all sides. "Shi Ji · Marquis Zhou Bo Family": "The people of Wanshi jointly attacked it. ”

5. Qí。 See below for examples.

6.shí。 1) Anshu Look. Titi: "Book of Poetry· Wei Feng · Ge Yan": "Good people Titi." "The flock flies. "Book of Songs· Xiaoya· Xiaoben": "Benbi, return to Fei Titi." "2) Juti .shú shí. Ancient place names. First it was the name of the mountain, then the name of the county, then the name of the county, and then the name of the silver (Zhu Tiyin). "The Book of the King of Shu" said that Du Yu, the king of Shu, fell from the sky and stopped at Zhu Ti. It is the same as "Shu's". The ancient name of Zhaotong in Yunnan Province. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was in the county, and the seat of governance was in Zhaotong County, Yunnan Province. For details, see "Juti".

Example:

The above 4 phonetic meanings are contained in Cihai. Xianhan does not have the phonetic meaning of "dí (3 tones)" and "shí", and it is said that the "ti dī" of "caution" and "ti slip" can also be read "dí (3 tones)". As a result, most of the emerging media on 360 Safe Browsing pronounce "caution (dī fang)" as the dialect "tífang". Starting from reality, the move of "Modern Han" is intended to be supported.

Regarding the surname "Ti", "Xianhan" and "Cihai" only have one sound and one character of "Tí surname". Judging from the true feelings of the above-mentioned "Peony Evening News" article, at least in present-day Shandong and Northeast China (the Northeast Historical Chronicles all say that the vast majority of Northeast China are immigrants from Shandong), the correct pronunciation of the surname "Ti" is "dí (3 tones)". People with the surname "Ti" in other places must also read this sound. The article also says: 3 origins of the surname Ti. Except for the second one that does not have a clear phonetic, "the first is derived from the 'Ti' clan of the descendants of the Jin warrior Ti Miming in the Spring and Autumn Period, and the pronunciation is 'dī'." The third is derived from the Han Dynasty Xianglin County, Gongcao District, Lian Zi Kui. The descendants of this branch, Teba, established the Viet Nam vassal state of Zhancheng, and later migrated to China, and the Han surname Yihua was changed to Ti Shi, and the pronunciation was also pronounced dī. In Hebei Province, Dazao Linzhuang, Beiwang Township, Langfang City, Qibu Village, Shuangshi Zhao Township, Botou City, and Dabu Village, Cangxian County, Cangzhou City, all have the distribution of this branch of the tribe. It can be seen that the statement that "Xianhan" only has the "surname Tí", which is inaccurate. It should be said that today's "mention" of surnames is either all pronounced "dí (3 tones)", or most people pronounce "dí (3 tones)". It is suggested that the surname "mention" is read twice.

In terms of the pronunciation of the surname "Ti", especially "Ti Mi Ming", in addition to the above-mentioned "Xianhan" and "Cihai" (Xianhan) and Cihai, which advocate the pronunciation of "tí" and the current use of "Ti" surname, there are also other pronunciations proposed by classics and experts and scholars. The first is to read the "Chí" in today's Chinese reference books. The Great Chinese Dictionary (Hubei Lexicographical Publishing House, Sichuan Lexicographical Publishing House, December 1992, 1st edition) says: "There are five pronunciations of the character 'Ti', namely: Chí, dī, dí, shí, and tí. …… Ti, Chí, surname. In the Spring and Autumn Period, there is a mention (Chí) of Miming. See "Zuo Chuan · the Second Year of Xuangong". ”

其次是典籍的读"Qí"说。 《公羊传·宣公六年》作"祁(Qí)弥明"。 《公羊传·宣公六年》：“（晋灵公）于是伏甲于宫中，召赵盾而食之。 赵盾之车右祁(Qí)弥明者,国之力士也。 "称"(Qí)"音的有:《史记·晋世家》(上二下川):"晋国相国赵盾的骖乘(cān shèng)...... 赵盾起，将进剑。 祁(Qí)弥明自下呼之曰:'盾,食饱则出,何故拔剑于君所?...... 祁(Qí)弥明逆而踆(cún)之,绝其颔(hàn)。 ”

Then there is the well-founded reading of "shi". Between 1999 and 2000, the Drama and Film Newspaper · Liyuan Weekly conducted a discussion on the pronunciation of the word 'Ti'. Wu Xiaoru, a professor of history at Peking University, published an article entitled "Also Talking about the Pronunciation of the Character 'Ti'" in a special issue of the newspaper (No. 2, 2000), and made a well-founded and conclusive conclusion. Professor Wu believes that Comrade Liu Qi's opinion is not bad. The name of the person in the second year of Xuangong in the "Zuo Chuan" is 'Ti Mi Ming', and the word 'Ti' is written as 'eye' in the "Historical Records of the · Jin Family", which is a variant of today's word 'see'. The word "Ti" and the word "Ti", which is pronounced as "Yes Zhi Che", are both in the "Zen" button, which shows that from the pre-Qin period to the Western Han Dynasty, the "Ti" as a personal name should be read as "shi". Comrade Sun Yizhao discussed the pronunciation from the pre-Qin period to the Western Han Dynasty according to the books of the surname of later generations, which seems to be a little separated by a layer. As for the phonetics of the Great Chinese Dictionary, it is not a clerical error. Because the homophone under the word "·" in "Guangyun Zhiyun" "Zen" and "Ti" has the word "spoon" (both are "is a branch cut"), this character is pronounced "late" today, so it is used to mark the sound of the word "mention", which is not bad, but Chi and Shi are slightly different in modern Chinese (in ancient and modern Chinese pronunciation, zhi, chi, shi are all interchangeable). In addition, Comrade Sun Yizhao quoted Qian Daxin to say that the so-called ancient tongue has nothing to do with it. Qian Daxin refers to the ancient "Zhi Che Cheng Niang" and "Duan through the mud" two sound systems of the interchange, and the sound system of "Zhao through the bed to judge Zen" has nothing to do with the sound system, and "is" "Guangyun" ("Cheng Paper Cut"), "Ti" (is the branch cut), "See" (Cheng Ya Cut), are all "Zen" new characters. Yisun said that the word 'is' was also pronounced as 'question' in the Qin and Han dynasties, which confused the question. Note: "A Bunch of Frequent Talks - Wu Xiaoru's Academic Essays Selected Works" (Fujian Education Publishing House, April 2000) is also included. 360 Encyclopedia and other emerging media said: "Ti Mi Ming, and show Ming and Qi Mi." ”

Jing Sige said that the reason why the surname "Ti" is included in the "Tí" sound in the text is to submit to the authority of "Xianhan" and "Cihai", and in fact, "Xianhan" and "Cihai" are a bit subjectively and arbitrarily "advancing with the times". From Professor Wu Xiaoru's insight and the ancient surnames and place names (Zhu Ti: (Cihai as shú shí), the original reading of "Ti" is "Zhiche", and the current pronunciation is "shí", and it can be seen that the "Ti" of "Ti Miming" should be read "shí". To sum up, it is suggested that the original source of "Xianhan" and "Cihai" is clear, and the "ti" of surnames, country names, and place names is "shí" in ancient pronunciation, and "dī" is pronounced in modern pronunciation (most people with the surname 'Ti' are pronounced for this purpose); or "shí" and "dī". The reading "Chi" in the "Chinese Dictionary" says that although it is well-founded, it should also be as consistent as possible with other Chinese reference books.

It should also be pointed out that Ci Hai treats the homonym "Teva" with the same character as the above-mentioned "Teva" of the king of the Champa state of Viet Nam, as a common pronunciation, and mistakenly "Típó".