In the middle of summer, Laishan on the shore of the Yellow Sea ushers in the most vibrant season. Walking into the Modern Agricultural Industrial Park (hereinafter referred to as the "Industrial Park") in Laishan District, Yantai City, Shandong Province, more and more digital technologies and smart agriculture application scenarios are spread out on the vast farmland, showing the "science and technology model".
"The park vigorously implements the science and technology rejuvenation project, and has formed a whole industrial chain with apples and grapes as the leading industries, integrating germplasm research and development and breeding, integration of seed management and service, and green recycling technology, and creating a national modern agricultural industrial park with a high starting point and high standards." Wang Haiying, director of the Industrial Park Management Service Center, introduced.
In recent years, Laishan District has made great efforts to do a good job in scientific and technological articles, continuously strengthened the in-depth cooperation between "institutes and local enterprises", empowered agricultural development with scientific and technological innovation, and promoted the demonstration and implementation of scientific and technological intellectual achievements by actively promoting the integration and expansion of science and technology, platforms, talents and other factor resources, and plugged in the wisdom "wings" for the high-quality development of the industrial park.
Concentrate on scientific research and develop Apple's "core" industry
High-quality seedlings are the foundation of industrial development. In 2021, Laishan District was included in the list of national modern agricultural industrial parks, and Yantai Modern Fruit Science Research Institute, as the main body of the apple industry, undertook the digital improvement project of standardized apple orchards. The Detoxification Tissue Culture Center of the Research Institute has helped the apple industry in the park from "one seed" to "fruitful" through scientific and technological means.
In the detoxification tissue culture room, the reporter saw that the staff was transferring apple detoxification bottle seedlings to rooting bottle seedlings. After sterile treatment, shoot tip stripping, and detoxification culture, apple seedlings will be transported to surrounding counties and even Shaanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang and other domestic apple producing areas for planting after rooting and breeding in the culture room.
Researchers check the growth of apple detoxification tissue culture bottles and seedlings in the modern fruit industry detoxification tissue culture room
"The breeding of detoxified tissue culture seedlings has effectively improved the production technology level and production quality of high-quality seedlings, and the annual production of high-quality detoxified branched seedlings can reach 2 million, with a success rate of more than 95%, which meets the market demand for high-quality detoxified branched seedlings." According to the researchers of the tissue culture room, the production of fruit in the second year of the application of branched seedlings in the market can reach 2000~3000 catties.
When the tissue culture seedlings bloom in the culture flask, 10 kilometers away from this, in Yaojie Village, Yuangezhuang Street, apple trees are growing vigorously in the greenhouse. This is the location of the new apple varieties, new technologies and new models demonstration park in Laishan District, and Liu Rixiang, who is responsible for the daily management of the park, is driving a tricycle to check the identification nodes of the Internet of Things in the park one by one.
"After the park is connected to the Internet of Things node, it can pay attention to the growth of new seedlings such as 'Yanfu 8' and 'Zanyu' cultivated from the tissue culture center at any time, and the data of the park can also be fed back to the tissue culture center for further scientific research and development." Liu Rixiang said.
Starting from planting, the industrial park focuses on the R&D and cultivation of seedlings to make up for the shortcomings of the industrial chain. After years of accumulation, the apple industry chain in Laishan District has been continuously extended, and the advantageous industries have been continuously expanded and strengthened. Nowadays, in Laishan District, there are more and more enterprises and institutions like the Modern Fruit Science Research Institute, from innovation to creating "core", the industrial park is striving to install "Chinese core" for the apple seed industry through scientific and technological means.
In recent years, the industrial park has introduced 17 well-known varieties of apples and grapes, cultivated and produced 75 million high-quality new varieties of apple seedlings, and bred 9 apple varieties such as "Yanfu 8" and "Xinyuancui" and registered them by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and the coverage rate of improved varieties of leading industries in the park has reached 100%. At the same time, the enterprises in the park have invested a total of 12.256 million yuan in scientific research, participated in 11 projects at or above the provincial level, and formulated and revised 11 industry standards.
Digital platform to promote the intelligence of the grape industry
Guo Honggang, 61 years old this year, is the chairman of the Jinchen Fruit and Vegetable Planting Professional Cooperative in Laishan District, and has been planting grapes in the Pulagu production area of Yuangezhuang Street for nine years. "In the past few years, the planting technology and management were not good, and the statistics were not good when the agricultural machinery was manual, and the members of the community did not know which land lacked water and fertilizer, and many grapes were rotten on the branches." Talking about the scene when the land was just transferred, Guo Honggang said helplessly.
Driven by the construction of the industrial park, Guo Honggang cooperated with the park to carry out the digital transformation of the vineyard base and successfully connected to the agricultural machinery operation cloud platform of the industrial park. With the help of RFID (radio frequency identification) technology, equipped with soil moisture monitoring stations, vehicle-mounted operation management and other Internet of Things equipment, Guo Honggang's cooperative has an accurate agricultural management system, which can achieve real-time monitoring and accurate recording, and effectively improve the efficiency of agricultural operations.
"Now the cloud platform can monitor the irrigation status in real time, and the smart agricultural water and fertilizer integration equipment can also automatically record the irrigation time and irrigation amount, and the grape yield of the company this year should reach more than 1,000 catties per mu." With the help of digital platforms, Guo Honggang is full of confidence. It is understood that this intelligent irrigation system integrating water and fertilizer can achieve all-weather unattended precision irrigation, and can even reduce evaporation, thereby improving the irrigation effect.
The agricultural machinery operation cloud platform is an important part of the smart agriculture and industrial park big data center jointly developed by the industrial park and Inspur Group, which also includes five smart agriculture projects, including the digital improvement of the standardized grape planting base, the pilot center for the research and development of characteristic fruit wine winemaking technology, and the "sky and ground" integrated smart agriculture big data platform.
At present, the industrial park is actively exploring a new socialized service model of "unmanned farm and field trusteeship", and promoting the wide application of smart agricultural production scenarios in field production, agricultural product quality and safety traceability and other fields. Among them, 500 acres of grape production "unmanned farms" have been built in the core area of Pula Valley, with a radiation area of 10,000 acres, realizing unmanned laser land leveling, "drone insertion + side deep fertilization" technical mode, unmanned plant protection and visual field management.
"Now our intelligent agricultural machinery equipment is still in the exploration and test stage, the future operation machinery will be under the command of the cloud platform to fully realize autonomous operation, do not need manual remote control, rely on intelligent technology and algorithms to replace manual decision-making, and truly realize the integration of 'sky and ground', so that agricultural production from experience agriculture to technology agriculture and algorithm agriculture." Wang Haiying said. It is understood that at present, the contribution rate of agricultural science and technology in the industrial park has reached 70.97%, and the comprehensive mechanization rate has reached 82.4%.
The application of digital technology is also reflected in the sales link at the back end of the industrial chain. By expanding the "industry + digital platform" and integrating the park's products, supply chain and other resources, the industrial park strives to achieve the industrial goal of "trading in the world and supplying in Yantai", and vigorously cultivates "industry + e-commerce", authorizes more than 100 e-commerce platforms, and the total annual sales of agricultural products reach 2.982 billion yuan.
Ecological cycle to realize the development of the whole chain of the industry
"There will be a large number of grape branches in the process of grape planting, and about 20% of the skin residue will be produced in the winemaking process, which will cause waste of resources and environmental pollution if not treated in time." Chen Taiyu, secretary general of the Yantai Grape and Wine Association, said, "In the oil extraction workshop, the equipment that is 'eaten' into the waste is the waste, and the 'spit' is turned into grape seed oil and proanthocyanidins, and the remaining residue can also be made into feed and organic fertilizer." ”
The equipment introduced by Chen Taiyu was developed by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences according to the characteristics of grape planting and production in Laishan District, and the oil yield of grape pomace extracted by the equipment was about 12%. Next, he plans to contact a number of scientific research institutes to solve the problems of energy chain extraction equipment and grafted countercurrent extraction process, and further improve the availability of grape seed extract.
In order to better solve the problem of resource utilization, the industrial park has also built a harmless treatment center, a pilot center for the comprehensive utilization of grape seeds, and a pilot center for ultrafine powder of fruit peel in recent years, which can process more than 20,000 tons of fruit branches, seeds and other wastes every year. Wang Haiying said that by extracting the active ingredients in grape pomace and developing them into a series of products, the Pula Valley grape production area in the park not only "turns waste into treasure", but also realizes the perfect closed loop of the wine grape industry chain.
The industrial park also vigorously develops ecological recycling agriculture within the region, promotes cleaner production, forms a recycling industry chain of grape by-products "grape planting-edible fungus cultivation-organic fertilizer production-grape planting", and establishes a long-term mechanism for green, low-carbon and circular development. At present, the high-efficiency water-saving irrigation rate of the park is more than 81.63%, and the green prevention and control rate of crop diseases and insect pests and the resource utilization rate of agricultural waste are more than 95% and 99% respectively.
At the same time, the park gives full play to the advantages of leading industries, and has built a whole chain of in-depth integration and development of the first industry focusing on grape and apple planting and breeding, the second industry focusing on fruit wine processing and cold chain preservation, and the third industry focusing on high-end winery experience and fruit sightseeing and picking. At present, the conversion rate of agricultural product processing in the industrial park has reached 95%, with a total output value of 4.4 billion yuan, of which the output value of the leading industry has reached 3.3 billion yuan, and the ratio of the output value of the agricultural product processing industry to the total agricultural output value has reached 3.18:1.
At the same time as the development of the industry, farmers also fully benefit from the industrial chain. The Laishan District Party Committee and District Government continue to promote the agglomeration of resource elements in the park, build a close interest connection mechanism such as "leading enterprises + cooperatives + farmers", and innovate models such as "order acquisition + dividends", "guaranteed income + dividends according to shares" and "land shareholding dividends", so that the strength of the industrial park to connect farmers with farmers has been continuously enhanced.
Up to now, the moderate-scale operation rate of the industrial park has reached 65.1%, and there are 23 professional farmer cooperative demonstration societies at or above the district level, 4 family farm demonstration farms at or above the municipal level, and 60,137 farmers have been employed in the park. Last year, the per capita disposable income of farmers in the industrial park was 40,600 yuan, and the average collective income of the villages in the park was more than 600,000 yuan.