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Analysis of the 4WD system
The most popular SUV in China is the Shanghai Volkswagen Tiguan, but today we are not talking about its acceleration performance or price increase, but the four-wheel drive system equipped with the Tiguan, which is different from the four-wheel drive system used by Volkswagen in the past, that is, AWD or all-wheel drive. The four-wheel drive system of the domestic Tiguan is officially called "intelligent full-time four-wheel drive", is it full-time four-wheel drive or just four-wheel drive? What is its inner workings? We're going to solve this mystery today.
Analysis of the four-wheel drive system
The four-wheel drive system is based on horizontal engines and front-wheel drive.
The four-wheel drive system used by the Tiguan is supplied by the Swedish company, and the four-wheel drive system has evolved to the fourth generation on the Tiguan. As a Tiguan user, we also consulted the technical staff of Hande Company by email, and the general content of their employees' reply to the email was: the domestic Tiguan is equipped with a real full-time four-wheel drive system, which can be adjusted back and forth according to needs, and only in this area there are 5% of the road conditions, the Tiguan's four-wheel drive system can really be called full-time four-wheel drive.
"The four-wheel drive system of the Skoda Yeti () is also very similar to the same platform, which distributes power according to different situations."
For a four-wheel drive system, it is obviously not enough to look at a single parameter setting, and the structural characteristics are the basis of its overall performance. Let's start with the structure of the Tiguan all-wheel drive system and see what makes it unique.
The emergence of the rear differential and multi-plate clutch shows that the electronic multi-plate clutch and the electronic differential lock are driven by hydraulic oil circuits, so the latter also realizes the active distribution of torque between the rear wheels, which is much stronger than the electronic differential lock realized by single-wheel braking. Core components such as rear differentials and wet multi-plate clutches share differential oil, so regular maintenance is also required.
The key component connecting the all-wheel drive is a wet multi-plate clutch that is hydraulicly actuated. The pressure of the hydraulic oil is provided by the hydraulic pump, and the task of controlling the oil pressure is mainly done by the solenoid slide valve. The signal for the solenoid spool valve comes from the control module located on the multi-plate clutch housing. The module collects various information such as wheel speed, engine power output, steering wheel angle, etc., and determines the oil pressure of the control oil circuit, so as to control the degree of compression of the multi-plate clutch and realize the torque distribution between the front and rear axles. Compared with the previous electronically controlled four-wheel drive, the fourth-generation response speed is faster, which has shortened the gap with the traditional full-time four-wheel drive.
The core component of the four-wheel drive system - electronically controlled multi-plate clutch Multi-plate clutch control oil circuit diagram
The electronically controlled multi-plate clutch used in the Tiguan four-wheel drive system is quite different from the wet electronically controlled multi-plate clutch used in urban SUVs such as X-Trail, which domestic consumers are familiar with, but it is difficult to say which of the two structures is superior or inferior, but the response speed of the latter is faster than that of first-line brands.
X-Trail's electronically controlled multi-plate clutch structure diagram shows that it does not have a hydraulic control oil circuit and only relies on an electromagnetic mechanism.
Judging from the actual test performance of professional equipment, the performance of the Tiguan's four-wheel drive system can be described as remarkable, not only can easily cope with the situation of single-sided two-wheel skidding, but the front axle will not hinder its progress if it is completely slipped, and it can also successfully complete the half-slope start for a 30-degree slope, and the adhesion is good, which is enough for this type of urban SUV. But judging from the completion of the intersection project, even the 2.0 displacement is much easier than the Tiguan. It can be seen that in dealing with more complex road conditions, the traditional full-time four-wheel drive system still has its advantages, especially for the beach environment that requires stable power output, a more balanced and constant power distribution is obviously more conducive to the smooth driving of the vehicle and get out of trouble.
Single-axis slippage is already a problem, but it's still relatively easy.
Sum up:
The overall performance of the Tiguan fourth-generation system once again makes us marvel at the significant improvement in vehicle performance caused by technological advances. From the perspective of setting, it is very close to the traditional full-time four-wheel drive system, and the faster response speed also greatly reduces the impact of single-axle power distribution on the vehicle's passability. In addition to the complex road conditions, which urban off-road vehicles rarely participate in, it is also competent. AGIC will launch the fifth-generation system in 2021, and we look forward to its more exciting performance for everyone.
Historical background of development
Historical background of the technology
It is an all-wheel drive system developed by the Swedish company Hande, which has been developed for four generations since 1998 and is installed in several brand models.
First generation
The first generation was mainly used in the Audi TT and Golf models of the Volkswagen-Audi Group at that time, and also laid the technical foundation for the later technology - the four-wheel drive mode of electro-hydraulic drive. The standard timing four-wheel drive setup was still used during this period, with power distributed to the rear wheels only when the front wheels slipped. Due to the limitations of automotive electronics at that time, the response speed was also average.
At the heart of the four-wheel drive system of the first-generation Audi TT model is the anatomy of the first-generation model, and it can be seen that its overall structure is not much different from that of the first-generation Golf IV.
Second generation
In 2021, the second-generation system will continue to be dominated by front-wheel drive, and the power will be distributed by monitoring the speed difference between the front and rear axles, which will improve the transmission efficiency of the second-generation system, while the software settings for different attachment surfaces will be more mature, and the pre-pressurization function of the hydraulic pump will also shorten the response time of the system. Models equipped with the second generation include the fifth-generation Golf and the Volvo XC90().
At the heart of the four-wheel drive Golf model is the second generation. The 2002-2021 Volvo XC70() also features the second generation.
Third generation
The third generation was first installed on the Land Rover Freelander 2 in 2021, and the new system improves off-road capability and can withstand more torque output. At the same time, the third-generation hydraulic pump has been improved again, which further shortens the reaction time of the hydraulic system, and the combination time of the four-wheel drive system reaches 150 milliseconds. In addition to the 2, the third generation was also widely used on Volvo models of the same period.
The 2 is in its third generation, and starting in 2021, the Volvo XC90 is also moving towards its third generation.
Fourth generation
The fourth generation was launched in 2021, and compared with the third generation system, the fourth generation is more compact, lighter, and the response speed is improved again, and more importantly, the fourth generation system has made great progress in software, which means that the fourth generation system can cope with more complex road conditions and is more convenient for drivers. In 2021, an electronic limited-slip differential called XWD was added to the fourth generation, which realizes the ability to distribute torque between the rear wheels, and can be seen as an enhanced version of the fourth-generation system. The fourth generation has been applied to Volkswagen, Saab, Volvo and other models, and has become one of the mainstream technologies of this type of four-wheel drive system.
The second-generation Audi TT uses the fourth-generation as the core component of the all-wheel drive system, and the Saab 9-3()X also uses the fourth-generation system