Commonly used instruments for construction surveying

1. Common instruments for construction surveying

【Formula】All warp collimation plate distance star

The construction measuring instruments commonly used in municipal public works mainly include: total station, theodolite, optical level, automatic leveling level, digital level, flat instrument, rangefinder, laser collimation (pointing) instrument, satellite positioning instrument (such as: GPS, BDS) and its supporting appliances, gyroscope total station, etc.

2. The function of the total station

【Formula】Infrared self-display angle and distance

A total station is a measuring instrument that uses infrared rays to automatically digitally display distances and angles. Once the total station is observed at the station, the necessary observation data such as oblique distance, zenith distance (vertical angle), horizontal angle, etc. can be automatically displayed, and the coordinates and elevation of the horizontal distance, elevation difference, and point can be obtained almost at the same instant. If the data terminal collected by the total station field is connected with the computer and plotter through the transmission interface, and the data processing software and drawing software are equipped with the data processing software, the automation of mapping and so on can be realized.

3. The purpose of the total station

【Formula】The net angle is separated from the elevation and the water

The total station is mainly used in the measurement of the construction plane control network and the measurement of the horizontal distance and horizontal angle between points in the construction process; When there is no condition to use the level for leveling, the use of total station for triangulation elevation measurement can also be considered instead of leveling: under specific conditions, the municipal public works construction selects the total station for triangulation elevation measurement and three-dimensional coordinate measurement.

4. Theodolite

【Formula】Photoelectric Straight 2"

Commonly used theodolite mainly includes optical theodolite and electronic theodolite, which are generally used to measure horizontal angles and vertical angles. For a J2 precision theodolite, the difference between the upper and lower halves of the return angle is not greater than ±12".

5. The purpose of the level

【Formula】Level base point elevation

On-site construction is mostly used to measure the elevation and elevation of structures, and is suitable for the measurement and setting of the control network level datum point of construction control measurement and the elevation measurement in the construction process.

6. The purpose of laser collimation (pointing) instrument

【Formula】Sit up straight at the right angle

On-site construction surveying is used for angular coordinate measurement and directional collimation measurement, and is suitable for the transmission of point coordinates and concentricity alignment measurement of long-distance, large-diameter tunnel or bridge piers, water towers, lampposts and other towering structures.

7. Gyro total station principle

【Formula】The top axis refers to the north to measure the direction

Under the action of the earth's rotation, the axis of the gyro-rotor rotating at high speed has the ability to point to true north, so that the true azimuth of a certain line can be measured, and then the coordinate azimuth of the straight line can be calculated.

8. The use of gyro total station

【Formula】Check the orientation of the center line of the tunnel

It is often used in the construction of municipal public works to check the orientation of the center line of underground tunnels, which can effectively improve the accuracy of tunnel penetration measurement.

9. Gyro total station directional operation

【Formula】Recalculate the angle of the ground tunnel

(1) Determine the instrument constant on a known edge of the ground.

(2) Measure the gyro azimuth on the directional edge in the tunnel.

(3) The instrument constant is re-determined after the instrument is put into the well.

(4) Calculate the meridian convergence angle.

(5) Calculate the coordinate azimuth angle of the directional edge in the tunnel.

Yesterday口诀7/7

1. The role of construction surveying

【Formula】Manage and ensure quality and safety

2. The content of construction survey

【Formula】The pipe pile is completed by linear application

3. Principles of construction surveying

【Formula】Overall control

4. Characteristics of municipal public works construction surveying

[formula]: Penetrate the service and improve the completion test

5. Preparation of construction survey

【Formula】Compile and check

6. Basic provisions for construction surveying

【Formula】Joint test auxiliary map nucleus deployment

7. The operation requirements of construction surveying

【Formula】Human pile measurement and recording nuclear middle two

Three days ago, the mantra was 7/5

1. HDPE film material quality acceptance and perception inspection

【Formula】Thick and wide appearance label information

2. HDPE film material quality sampling inspection

【Formula】Draw batch 3 volume 1

3. HDPE film laying engineering construction quality perception inspection

【Formula】The seam is flat and dense

4. Sampling inspection of construction quality of HDPE film laying project

【Formula】Fill in the welding inspection

Seven days ago mantra 7/1

1. Anti-seepage materials

【Formula】Clayey soil film pad

2. Construction of mud waterproof layer

【Formula】The core of the grain is dense and viscous, and the mixing ratio is selected and tested

3. Construction procedures of muddy waterproof layer

【Formula】Checking the base and selecting soil mixing, seepage ratio mixing and pressure test

4. Key points of technical control of construction quality of muddy waterproof layer

【Formula】The inspection team mixes soil and water pressure

5. Construction inspection project of mud waterproof layer

【Formula】Pressure infiltration

6. Bentonite waterproof blanket is selected

【Formula】Sodium powder is on average

7. Bentonite waterproof blanket laying construction

【Formula】It should not be forbidden to store and transport, and special shops are protected by inspection

2 weeks agomantra 6/24

1. Key points of horizontal directional drilling construction

【Formula】Guide drill expanding, clearing, paving mud stop

2. Key points of pilot hole drilling construction

【Formula】Measurement and control trial operation, the first root of deviation correction

3. Key points of reaming and hole cleaning

【Formula】Milling group hard tooth soft and hard rock, expand 251 Lianshun

4. Key points of pipeline laying construction

【口诀】检回送填

5. The situation that the operation must be stopped to solve the problem

【Formula】Equipment trajectory hole, twisting and breaking damage in case of overchange

五周前口诀6/4

1. Urban drainage system in mainland China

【Formula】Truncated and mixed with new points

2. The main reason for the serious pollution of the water environment under the existing urban drainage system

【Formula】Heyi mixes non-point sources

3. The main factors that give birth to the development of new drainage systems

【Formula】Hair in the rain

4. New urban drainage system

【Formula】Control rainwater seepage and drainage at the end of the source, combine strength with reduction and increase, use source control and frequency reduction, and save overflow completely

5. Rainwater control technology

【Formula】Infiltrate and clean, wet pond tune

6. The principles that should be followed in the selection of urban drainage system

【Formula】Adapt measures to local conditions to manage and drain sources, and pay attention to new multi-purpose construction

7. Characteristics of the new drainage system

【Formula】Combination of capital and environmental protection and water prevention and reduction

Eight weeks ago mantra 5/6

1. Basic requirements for foundation pit grading

The main control degree is wide and high, and the auxiliary protection rate is rainwater

2. Foundation pit slope stability control measures

The slope folds and the anti-protection reactor is stopped, and the pressure is relieved by the supervision and separation

3. Slope protection measures:

Overlapping spray cover anchor support

4. Excavation of long foundation pits

Long longitudinal soil landslide, case preparation and slow protection

三月前口诀4/9

1. General provisions on steel bar construction

Batch inspection of the yard anti-replacement ring

2. Steel bar processing

Straight down the bend to the end

3. Regulations on hot-rolled steel bar joints

Welding machinery lashing connection, flash resistance buried electric welding.

4. The reinforcement joint is set

The distance between the small cells is 2, the grade end is not clear, and the long gauge is tightly approved for sampling

5. Fabrication and assembly of steel skeletons

The arch is lengthened

6. Resistance spot welding of steel mesh sheets

One-way bilateral welding distance increases

7. On-site binding of steel bars

Wire mesh frame erection screws

8. The thickness of the concrete protective layer of the steel bar

General pre-straight post-tensioning, machine connected with steel mesh, cushion block solidity