1. 英国 艾萨克·牛顿(Isaac Newton)
Born in the village of Walthop, near Grantham, Lincolnshire, England, Isaac Newton was born into an ordinary peasant family, but showed extraordinary intelligence and curiosity from an early age.
Newton's contributions to mathematics were remarkable. Together with Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, he independently developed calculus, a mathematical tool that has become an indispensable analytical method in modern science and engineering. The "generalized binomial theorem" proposed by him provides an important basis for the study of power series. In terms of analytic geometry, Newton made an in-depth discussion of the properties of curves and the relationship between equations, which expanded people's understanding of geometric figures. In the field of integrated geometry, his research results provided new ideas and methods for later mathematicians.
In the field of physics, Newton's discovery of the law of gravitation successfully explained the motion of celestial bodies and revolutionized people's understanding of the universe. Newton's laws of motion laid the foundation for the establishment of classical mechanics, which not only applied to the low-speed motion of macroscopic objects, but also had a profound impact on the subsequent development of physics.
Newton's work was groundbreaking and groundbreaking. His research results were not only groundbreaking at the time, but also laid a solid foundation for future generations of scientific research. His way of thinking is rigorous, logical and clear, and he is good at abstracting essential laws from complex phenomena. His scientific spirit and innovative thinking inspired countless later scientists and mathematicians to explore the unknown.
Due to the limited level of scientific and mathematical development at that time, some of Newton's theories were found to have certain limitations in later research. After the advent of the theory of relativity, Newton's classical mechanics deviated in its description of high-speed motion and the phenomena of the microscopic world. But this did not affect Newton's great place in the history of science, and his work pointed the way for subsequent scientific progress.
2. Germany by Carl Friedrich Gauss
Carl Friedrich Gauss was born into a poor family in Braunschweig, Germany. Despite the difficult living conditions, he showed an amazing talent for mathematics from an early age. Gauss is recognized as one of the most important mathematicians in history and has a reputation as the "Prince of Mathematics". In the field of number theory, his research results are extremely rich. He proved the quadratic reciprocal law, which is a fundamental theorem in number theory. He also made important contributions to the study of the distribution of prime numbers, and put forward some conjectures and preliminary results on the prime number theorem. In algebra, Gauss systematically studied the operation and properties of complex numbers, which laid the foundation for the development of algebraic number theory. In statistics, he introduced the normal distribution (also known as the Gaussian distribution), a concept that has a central place in modern statistics and data analysis. In addition, he has pioneering work in the fields of differential geometry and geodesy.
Gauss's research results have a high depth and breadth, and his work is not only of theoretical value, but also has an important impact on practical applications. He is a quick thinker, a creative force, and is able to achieve breakthrough results in several areas of mathematics. His rigorous approach to scholarship and his pursuit of truth set an example for future generations. Gauss was conservative in the publication of some research results, and some important discoveries were not made public in time, which affected the communication and development of mathematics to a certain extent.
3. France by Leonhard Euler
Leonhard Euler was born into a pastoral family in Basel, Switzerland. Euler was one of the most prominent figures in mathematics in the 18th century. He proposed the Euler function in number theory and made important contributions to the study of the properties of integers. In the field of analytics, Euler introduced many important concepts and symbols, such as the concept of functions, the base number e of natural logarithms, and the symbols of trigonometric functions, which greatly promoted the development of analytics. He also has pioneering work in the fields of differential equations, infinite series, graph theory, etc. Euler's writings cover many branches of mathematics and have had a profound impact on mathematics education and research in later generations. The volume and quality of Euler's research is staggering. His work is highly systematic and comprehensive, and he is able to organically combine different fields of mathematics. His creativity and diligence set an example for the mathematical community. Euler's time had limited tools and conditions, and some of his calculations may have been incorrect, but this does not affect his great position in the history of mathematics.
4. 法国 亨利·庞加莱(Henri Poincaré)
Henri Poincaré was born into a prominent family in Nancy, France. Poincaré has made important contributions in several areas of mathematics. In the field of topology, he pioneered the study of combinatorial topology, proposing some basic concepts and methods. In the field of differential equations, he has done pioneering work on qualitative theory, which provides an important theoretical basis for understanding the behavior of dynamical systems. He also has important achievements in the fields of celestial mechanics and number theory. Poincaré's work was highly innovative and forward-looking, and his ideas had a profound impact on the development of modern mathematics and physics. He has a sharp mind and is able to perceive the essence of the problem and come up with new perspectives and approaches. Some of Poincaré's theories may have been too advanced at the time, leading to certain difficulties in understanding and application.
5. 希腊 阿基米德（Archimedes）
Archimedes was born in Syracuse, Sicily. Archimedes was one of the greatest mathematicians of antiquity. In geometry, he made many important geometric conclusions through the measurement of circles and the study of spheres and cylinders. He also used the "approximation method" to calculate the surface area and volume of the ball, as well as the area of the parabolic arch. In mechanics, he discovered the principle of levers and the law of buoyancy, which laid the foundation for the development of physics. Archimedes' work was groundbreaking and creative, and his methods and conclusions were epoch-making for his time. His love of mathematics and science and his quest for truth are admirable. Due to the limitations of the technology and knowledge level at that time, some of his theories and methods had certain deficiencies in accuracy and completeness.
6. United States by John Nash
John Nash was born in Blufield, West Virginia, USA. He grew up in a middle-class family and showed great intellectual talent from an early age. Nash has made seminal contributions primarily in the field of game theory. The concept of "Nash equilibrium" proposed by him has had a profound impact on the study of non-cooperative games. Nash equilibrium refers to the fact that in a game, when each participant chooses his or her own optimal strategy, and if others do not change their strategy, no one participant can achieve a better outcome by changing their strategy alone. This theory is not only widely used in economics to help explain economic phenomena such as market competition and oligopoly, but also has great significance for the study of many fields such as social science, biology, and computer science. In the field of economics, it provides a powerful analytical tool for studying issues such as market competition, corporate decision-making, resource allocation, and more. In the social sciences, it helps to understand the interactive behavior of political decision-making, international relations, etc. In biology, it is used to analyze competition and cooperative relationships between populations of organisms.
Nash's work is highly innovative and forward-looking, and he brings a unique perspective and deep insight to reveal the underlying patterns in human interaction. His theories not only enrich the connotation of mathematics, but also provide new ideas and methods for the development of other disciplines. In the face of mental illness, Nash continued to think and research, showing extraordinary perseverance and a persistent pursuit of science. Nash's theory may have limitations in its application in some complex real-world situations, and needs to be revised and improved in combination with more practical factors.
7. 匈牙利 保罗·埃尔德什(Paul Erdős)
Paul Erdös was born in Budapest, Hungary. Erdös has made outstanding contributions to many mathematical fields such as number theory, combinatorics, probability theory, set theory, and graph theory. He is known for his prolific research outputs and unique collaborative approaches. He has collaborated with numerous mathematicians and published numerous papers, proposing many important conjectures and theorems. His work has played an important role in advancing mathematics. Erdös is extraordinarily creative and intuitive, and is able to quickly gain insight into the essence of mathematical problems. His spirit of cooperation has also created a good atmosphere for academic exchanges in the mathematics community and promoted the rapid development of mathematics. Due to his excessive focus on mathematical studies, aspects of his life can be relatively monolithic and unstable.
8. 印度 斯里尼瓦瑟·拉马努金(Srinivasa Ramanujan)
Srinivasseh Ramanujan was born in Elod, Tamil Nadu, India. Ramanujan has shown an amazing talent in areas such as number theory and infinite series. He independently discovered a large number of mathematical formulas and theorems, many of which were unprecedented at the time. His work has had a profound impact on the development of mathematics and has provided rich inspiration and research directions for later researchers. Ramanujan's mathematical instincts were extremely sharp, and he was often able to come up with complex and profound mathematical conclusions from his intuition. His work is creative and imaginative. Due to his lack of systematic education in mathematics, some of the proof processes may not have been rigorous enough.
9. 比利时 德利涅(Pierre Deligne)
Born in Brussels, Belgium, Pierre Deligne showed a keen interest and talent for mathematics from an early age. Deligne has made extremely important achievements in the highly complex and profound fields of algebraic geometry and number theory. He successfully proved the Wey conjecture, an epoch-making achievement that is widely regarded as one of the most significant breakthroughs in mathematics of the 20th century. The proof of the Wey conjecture not only solves an important long-standing mathematical problem, but also establishes a close connection between algebraic geometry and number theory, promoting the synergistic development of these two fields. His work is not only amazing in depth, but exemplary in its rigor. Through precise and rigorous reasoning, Deligne laid a solid foundation for the development of related fields, opening up new paths and directions for subsequent researchers. His research results not only influenced algebraic geometry and number theory itself, but also had a profound radiating influence on several branches of mathematics, such as arithmetic algebraic geometry, representation theory, etc.
Deligne's research results are often at the forefront and cutting edge of mathematics, with a high degree of abstraction and complexity. This makes it challenging and difficult to understand his work for both general readers and beginners. The concepts and methods he uses usually require a deep mathematical background and long-term professional training to master and comprehend. Deligne's outstanding contributions undoubtedly shine brightly in the temple of mathematics, inspiring generations of mathematicians to climb the heights of science and continue to explore unknown mathematical fields.
10. 以色列 埃隆·林登施特劳斯(Elon Lindenstrauss)
Elon LindenStrauss was born in Israel and has shown extraordinary talent and profound attainments in the field of mathematics. Lyndon Strauss's research work on ergodic theory provides a new perspective and method for understanding the long-term behavior of dynamic systems. He deeply explored the law of state change in the system, which laid a solid foundation for the development of related fields. In the field of number theory, his work has brought innovative ideas to solving some long-standing problems. Through his unique mathematical approach and profound insights, he has advanced the study of number theory, breathing new life into this ancient and mysterious discipline. The contribution of Lyndon Strauss cannot be ignored either. His research results have enriched the theoretical system of harmonic analysis and expanded its application scope.
His work is not only theoretically significant, but also provides practical new methods and ideas for solving practical mathematical problems. Due to the fact that his research field is relatively specialized and advanced, he needs a deep mathematical foundation and professional knowledge to understand it deeply, which to a certain extent leads to his relatively low recognition among the general public. However, in the field of mathematics, his achievements are highly respected and praised by his peers, and he has played an important role in promoting the development of mathematics. Although his research may be obscure to the general public, his spirit of exploration and innovation at the frontier of mathematics has undoubtedly set an example for the mathematical community and inspired more mathematicians to continue to pursue truth and breakthroughs